WO2021169536A1

WO2021169536A1 - Health risk assessment method and system for territorial spatial planning

Info

Publication number: WO2021169536A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/138312
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王兰; 蒋希冀; 李新虎; 顾浩
Original assignee: 同济大学
Priority date: 2020-02-27
Filing date: 2020-12-22
Publication date: 2021-09-02
Also published as: CN111340371A; CN111340371B

Abstract

A health risk assessment method and system for territorial spatial planning. The method comprises: obtaining a spatial scale of an evaluation scheme (101); according to the spatial scale, determining a grid unit for carrying out health risk assessment (102); acquiring health risk basic data (103); determining risk factor data and background factor data according to the health risk basic data (104); respectively performing health impact assignment on the risk factor data and the background factor data according to the grid units to obtain various risk factor impact analysis graphs and wind field simulation analysis graphs (105); performing spatial superposition analysis on the various risk factor impact analysis graphs and the wind field simulation analysis graph to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis grid graph (106); and determining planning optimization suggestions according to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid graph (107). The method and the system may comprehensively evaluate the negative health impact of the current territorial spatial environment or a planning scheme on residents.

Description

A health risk assessment method and system oriented to the preparation of territorial and spatial planning

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on February 27, 2020, the application number is 202010125386.4, and the invention title is "A health risk assessment method and system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning", and its entire contents Incorporated in this application by reference.

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of health risk assessment for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning, and in particular to a health risk assessment method and system for the compilation of territorial and spatial planning.

Background technique

my country has experienced a long-term and rapid urbanization process. With the transformation of land use and development patterns, the urban and rural environment is also changing rapidly, which has an important impact on the health of residents. In the past, urban planning paid more attention to economic development, but the current land and space planning system has greatly expanded the scope and connotation of planning space. In the future, urban and rural development needs to be more balanced, and goals and concepts including the promotion of public health will be incorporated. Many studies have proved that specific urban and rural environmental factors are significantly related to the health outcomes of residents. Territorial and spatial planning can reduce residents’ exposure to pollution risks through rational land use layout and pollution protection.

There are already health impact assessment tools and practices for urban planning in foreign countries, but there are no relevant assessment models and tools suitable for territorial and spatial planning in China. Although the existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been applied to the assessment of the environmental impact that urban planning and construction behavior may cause, it has three characteristics: 1) It is not based on the human health perspective; 2) The lack of space Consider multiple intermediary channels for the compound impact of environmental factors on people's health (for example, highway traffic pollutes the air through exhaust gas, which affects the health of residents and also produces serious noise pollution); 3) often lacks the risk impact of multi-space environmental factors Comprehensive analysis.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a health risk assessment method and system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning, which realizes the comprehensive assessment of the negative health effects of the current state of territorial and spatial environment or planning schemes on residents.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solutions:

A health risk assessment method for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning, including:

Obtain the spatial scale of the evaluation plan;

According to the said spatial scale, determine the grid unit to carry out the health risk assessment;

Obtain basic health risk data;

Determine the risk element data and background element data according to the basic health risk data;

Perform health impact evaluation on the risk element data and the background element data respectively according to the grid unit to obtain various risk element impact analysis diagrams and wind field simulation analysis diagrams;

Perform spatial overlay analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis maps and the wind field simulation analysis maps to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid map;

According to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid graph, a planning optimization proposal is determined.

Optionally, the obtaining of basic health risk data specifically includes:

Obtain current environmental data, planning plans and texts;

According to the current environmental data, planning plans and texts, basic health risk data are obtained.

Optionally, the spatial overlay analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis maps and the wind field simulation analysis map to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid map specifically includes:

Using an addition algorithm to perform raster algebraic summation of the various risk element impact analysis maps to obtain a comprehensive risk element analysis map;

The comprehensive analysis map of risk elements and the simulation analysis map of the wind field are algebraically superposed by using an addition algorithm to obtain a comprehensive analysis grid map of health risks.

Optionally, the determination of a planning optimization suggestion based on the health risk comprehensive analysis grid map specifically includes:

Determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the comprehensive analysis grid map of the health risk;

According to the spatial distribution result of the hot spots and the spatial distribution result of the cold spots, a planning optimization proposal is determined.

Optionally, the determining the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid map specifically includes:

Vector conversion of the health risk comprehensive analysis raster map to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram;

According to the health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram, the hot spot analysis method is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result.

A health risk assessment system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning, including:

The spatial scale acquisition module is used to acquire the spatial scale of the evaluation plan;

A grid unit determining module, configured to determine a grid unit for conducting health risk assessment according to the spatial scale;

Basic data acquisition module for acquiring basic health risk data;

The element data determination module is used to determine the risk element data and background element data according to the basic health risk data;

The health impact evaluation module is configured to perform health impact evaluation on the risk element data and the background element data according to the grid unit to obtain various risk element impact analysis diagrams and wind field simulation analysis diagrams;

The spatial superposition analysis module is used to perform spatial superposition analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis graphs and the wind field simulation analysis graph to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid graph;

The planning optimization suggestion determination module is used to determine the planning optimization suggestion based on the comprehensive analysis grid graph of the health risk.

Optionally, the basic data acquisition module specifically includes:

The data acquisition unit is used to acquire current environmental data, planning schemes and texts;

The basic data acquisition unit is used to obtain basic health risk data according to the current environmental data, planning scheme and text.

Optionally, the spatial overlay analysis module specifically includes:

The first spatial superposition analysis unit is used to use an addition algorithm to perform raster algebraic summation of the various risk element impact analysis graphs to obtain a comprehensive risk element analysis graph;

The second spatial superposition analysis unit is used to algebraically superpose the comprehensive analysis map of risk elements and the simulation analysis map of the wind field by using an addition algorithm to obtain a comprehensive analysis grid map of health risks.

Optionally, the planning optimization suggestion determination module specifically includes:

The hot/cold spot spatial distribution determining unit is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the comprehensive analysis grid map of the health risk;

A planning optimization suggestion determining unit is configured to determine a planning optimization suggestion according to the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result.

Optionally, the hot/cold spot spatial distribution determining unit specifically includes:

The vector conversion subunit is used for vector conversion of the health risk comprehensive analysis raster image to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram;

The hot spot analysis subunit is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result by adopting the hot spot analysis method according to the health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram.

According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

The present invention starts from the elements of the health risk environment and considers the possible comprehensive effects of specific risk elements. A comprehensive spatial overlay analysis of the possible health effects of multiple risk factors can more truly reflect the actual or potential impacts, and can comprehensively evaluate the negative health effects of the current state of the land and space environment or planning schemes on residents. In addition, the hotspot analysis method is used to identify high-incidence areas and more intuitively guide the practice of health-oriented land and space planning.

Attached drawings

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the drawings:

Figure 1 is a flowchart of the health risk assessment method for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the health risk assessment system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is the current health risk distribution diagram of Gucun Town in Example 3;

Figure 4 is a reclassification diagram of the current wind environment of Gucun Town in Example 3;

Figure 5 is a diagram showing the health risk impact of point-shaped environmental elements in the current situation of Gucun Town in Example 3;

Figure 6 is a diagram showing the health risk impact of linear environmental elements in the current situation of Gucun Town in Example 3;

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the health risk impact of current planar environmental elements in Gucun Town in Example 3;

Figure 8 is a diagram of the comprehensive identification result of the superposition assessment of the current health risks of Gucun Town in Example 3;

Fig. 9 is an analysis diagram of overlay analysis of the current health risk comprehensive identification results and residential land in Gucun Town in Example 3.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the health risk assessment method for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, a health risk assessment method for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning includes:

Step 101: Obtain the spatial scale of the evaluation plan.

Step 102: Determine a grid unit for performing health risk assessment according to the spatial scale.

The grid unit is used as the basic unit of the health risk impact analysis. As national land and space planning involves multiple spatial scales, the grid unit size should be adapted to different planning plans. Therefore, it is first necessary to clarify the spatial level of the plan according to the definitions and scales of different spatial levels in Table 1. ; And according to the actual situation, the grid unit size for health risk assessment should be determined within the range of the analysis scale recommended in Table 1. Table 1 shows the grid analysis unit of health impact assessment for planning and preparation schemes. As follows:

Table 1 Raster analysis unit of health impact assessment for planning and preparation schemes

Step 103: Obtain basic health risk data, including:

Obtain current environmental data, planning plans and texts.

Step 104: Determine risk element data and background element data according to the basic health risk data.

Extract the basic health risk data to obtain health risk element data. The health risk element data includes industrial land, storage land, major urban roads, traffic nodes, and other pollution source sites. The traffic nodes include ramps and tunnels.口, the other pollution source sites include sewage treatment plants and garbage collection stations.

Step 105: Perform health impact evaluation on the risk element and the background element respectively according to the grid unit to obtain various risk element impact analysis graphs and wind field simulation analysis graphs.

Among them, the risk element spatial unit covers two dimensions of land use and road traffic (as shown in Table 2). The specific analysis and assignment steps are:

① Divide the risk element spatial units into point elements, line elements, and area elements according to their types, and establish layers respectively.

②Using the grid cell size as the basic unit and according to the series of the impact area in Table 2 and Table 3, the point, line, and area elements are calculated using the Euclidean distance algorithm to obtain a preliminary multi-level buffer impact map of health risk elements.

③ Reclassify the preliminary impact diagram obtained in step 2 according to the distance values and impact values of the multi-level impact zone in Table 2 and Table 3 to obtain the risk element impact analysis diagram.

Table 2 Types of health risk elements, impact buffers and assignments

Table 3 High-voltage line health affects the buffer zone and its assignment

The spatial unit of the background element refers to the wind field environment where the analysis object is located. It is obtained based on the same analysis grid size and the H=1.5 interface height (human activity height) wind field simulation analysis; and the wind speed is classified according to the wind speed in Table 4. Field simulation analysis results are reclassified and assigned.

Table 4 Classification of health risk levels of urban wind environment elements

Step 106: Perform spatial overlay analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis maps and the wind field simulation analysis maps to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid map, which specifically includes:

The summation algorithm is used to perform raster algebraic summation of the various risk element impact analysis maps to obtain a comprehensive risk element analysis map.

Step 107: Determine planning optimization suggestions based on the health risk comprehensive analysis grid graph, which specifically includes:

Step 1071: Determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid map. As a preferred embodiment, the health risk comprehensive analysis raster map is vectorized to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram. According to the health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram, the hot spot analysis method is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result.

Step 1072: Determine a planning optimization proposal according to the spatial distribution result of the hot spots and the spatial distribution result of the cold spots. Analyze the results of the spatial distribution of hot spots and the spatial distribution of cold spots, and obtain high-health-risk clusters, low-health-risk clusters, and regions with insignificant health-risk clusters. Based on the results of cold space distribution, hotspot space distribution, analysis results of different risk factors, and existing planning and research experience, this assessment can propose priority recommendations for optimizing areas, from land use integration, functional layout optimization, traffic flow control, and road protection isolation Put forward corresponding planning strategies.

The present invention comprehensively considers the impact of the spatial environment on human health risks based on the perspective of territorial and spatial planning, and has three advantages: 1) Starting from the health risk environmental elements, considering the possible comprehensive impact of specific risk elements (such as highway traffic passing Exhaust gas pollutes the air, which affects the health of residents and also produces serious noise pollution); 2) Comprehensive spatial superposition analysis of the possible health effects of multiple risk factors to more truly reflect the actual or potential impact; 3) Through spatial aggregation Class analysis identifies high-risk areas and more intuitively guides the practice of health-oriented land and space planning.

Example 2:

Corresponding to the health risk assessment method for the preparation of a territorial and spatial plan in Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a corresponding health risk assessment system for the compilation of a territorial and spatial plan. Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the health risk assessment system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning according to the present invention. A health risk assessment system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning includes:

The spatial scale acquisition module 201 is used to acquire the spatial scale of the evaluation plan;

The grid unit determining module 202 is configured to determine a grid unit for performing health risk assessment according to the spatial scale.

The basic data acquisition module 203 is used to acquire basic health risk data.

The element data determining module 204 is configured to determine risk element data and background element data according to the basic health risk data.

The health impact evaluation module 205 is configured to perform health impact evaluation on the risk element data and the background element data respectively according to the grid unit to obtain various risk element impact analysis graphs and wind field simulation analysis graphs.

The spatial overlay analysis module 206 is configured to perform spatial overlay analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis graphs and the wind field simulation analysis graph to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid graph.

The planning optimization suggestion determination module 207 is configured to determine the planning optimization suggestion according to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid graph.

The basic data acquisition module 203 specifically includes:

The data acquisition unit is used to acquire current environmental data, planning schemes and texts.

The spatial overlay analysis module 206 specifically includes:

The first spatial superposition analysis unit is used to perform raster algebraic summation of the various risk element impact analysis graphs using an addition algorithm to obtain a comprehensive risk element analysis graph.

The planning optimization suggestion determination module 207 specifically includes:

The hot/cold spot spatial distribution determining unit 2071 is configured to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid map.

A planning optimization suggestion determining unit 2072 is configured to determine a planning optimization suggestion according to the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result.

The hot/cold spot spatial distribution determining unit 2071 specifically includes:

The vector conversion subunit is used for vector conversion of the health risk comprehensive analysis raster image to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram.

Example 3:

The invention has been applied in the overall planning of Gucun Town in Baoshan District, Shanghai. The health risk assessment of this embodiment is aimed at the current spatial environment of Gucun Town (the current environment and the planning scheme’s health risk overlay assessment technical method and analysis process are the same, and there are only differences in basic data. The former uses the current spatial environment data, and the latter uses Planning scheme and text related data).

First, based on current land use data and environmental data, sort out the current health risk factors in Gucun Town. The current health risk elements of Gucun Town cover multiple types of point elements, line elements and area elements (Table 5). Among them, the central and northern regions are mainly based on industrial risk factors, the western region is mainly based on industry, storage, environmental sanitation and expressway factors, and the existing pollution factors in the northeastern region include various levels of road intersections, urban arterial roads and industrial risks. Elements, etc. (Figure 3).

Table 5 List of current health risk elements in Gucun Town

Figure 3 is the current health risk distribution diagram of Gucun Town in Example 3. Figure 4 is a reclassification diagram of the current wind environment of Gucun Town in Example 3. Figure 5 is a diagram showing the impact of point-shaped environmental elements on the health risks of the current situation in Gucun Town in Example 3. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the health risk impact of linear environmental elements in Gucun Town in Example 3. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the health risk impact of current planar environmental elements in Gucun Town in Example 3. Fig. 8 is a diagram of the comprehensive identification result of the superposition assessment of the current health risks of Gucun Town in Example 3. Fig. 9 is an analysis diagram of overlay analysis of the results of comprehensive identification of the current health risks of Gucun Town in Example 3 and residential land.

Considering the size of Gucun town, this assessment uses a basic grid of 30m*30m as the basis. Carry out the current regional wind environment analysis in the wind farm simulation analysis software and carry out reclassification and risk impact assignment (Figure 4).

Then, according to the health risk factors affecting the buffer zone and assignment (Table 2), the risk impact analysis is carried out in the ArcGIS software. In this assessment, for the convenience of presentation, the points, lines, and areas were superimposed and summarized (Figures 5, 6, 7). Finally, superimpose the risk impact of Figures 4-7 again to obtain a comprehensive health wind direction impact assessment map, and identify five types of comprehensive health risk impact areas (high, high, normal, low, and low) based on the natural discontinuity method (Figure 8) ), which can clearly determine which areas have greater health risk impacts.

Finally, by superimposing the comprehensive identification results of the healthy wind direction evaluation with residential land, this evaluation can provide specific strategies to reduce the impact of health risks in the preparation of territorial and spatial planning:

①Promote the entry of industries into the park and unify pollution management and prevention and control.

② Pay attention to the harmless development of industrial parcels (especially the assessment of soil health).

③The results of health risk effects are comprehensively considered in the plan for relocation and consolidation of homesteads in rural areas.

④Urban residential land in high-risk areas is recommended to optimize the layout of regional land use, set up pollution prevention facilities and green planting, and improve the internal environment of the residential area and space combing to promote ventilation.

⑤Smart traffic management to reduce traffic congestion and exhaust emissions.

The present invention focuses on the comprehensive impact of multiple types of health risk factors in the current state of the land, space, environment and planning formulation, and there are the following types of alternatives:

1) The alternative scheme only evaluates the superimposed impact of a certain type (such as power plants) or one type (such as industrial pollution), and the analysis technology and process are basically the same as the present invention.

2) The alternative solution adds background environmental elements (such as soil and water) as potential health risk factors on the basis of the present invention, and the analysis technology and process are basically the same as those of the present invention.

3) The alternative plan firstly analyzes the impact of various types of environmental risk elements, and then conducts spatial cluster analysis to identify areas with high healthy wind directions, and finally uses spatial overlay analysis to delineate the areas with the highest comprehensive risk impact.

4) Use the technical route of the present invention to carry out research or evaluation on other related topics (such as soil pollution, acoustic pollution). The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also be done without departing from the purpose of the present invention. Out of various changes.

Claims

A health risk assessment method oriented to the preparation of territorial and spatial planning, which is characterized in that it includes:

Obtain the spatial scale of the evaluation plan;

According to the said spatial scale, determine the grid unit to carry out the health risk assessment;

Obtain basic health risk data;

Determine the risk element data and background element data according to the basic health risk data;

Perform health impact evaluation on the risk element data and the background element data respectively according to the grid unit to obtain various risk element impact analysis diagrams and wind field simulation analysis diagrams;

Perform spatial overlay analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis maps and the wind field simulation analysis maps to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid map;

According to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid graph, a planning optimization proposal is determined.
The health risk assessment method for the preparation of national land and space planning according to claim 1, wherein said obtaining basic health risk data specifically includes:

Obtain current environmental data, planning plans and texts;

According to the current environmental data, planning plans and texts, basic health risk data are obtained.
The health risk assessment method oriented to the preparation of territorial and spatial planning according to claim 1, characterized in that the spatial superposition analysis processing is performed on the various types of the risk element impact analysis graph and the wind field simulation analysis graph to obtain health The comprehensive risk analysis grid map, including:

Using an addition algorithm to perform raster algebraic summation of the various risk element impact analysis maps to obtain a comprehensive risk element analysis map;

The comprehensive analysis map of risk elements and the simulation analysis map of the wind field are algebraically superposed by using an addition algorithm to obtain a comprehensive analysis grid map of health risks.
The health risk assessment method for the preparation of national land and space planning according to claim 1, wherein said determining a plan optimization suggestion according to said health risk comprehensive analysis grid chart specifically includes:

Determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the comprehensive analysis grid map of the health risk;

According to the spatial distribution result of the hot spots and the spatial distribution result of the cold spots, a planning optimization proposal is determined.
The method of health risk assessment for the preparation of national land and space planning according to claim 4, characterized in that said determining the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the health risk comprehensive analysis grid map specifically includes:

Vector conversion of the health risk comprehensive analysis raster map to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram;

According to the health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram, the hot spot analysis method is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result.
A health risk assessment system for the preparation of territorial and spatial planning, which is characterized in that it includes:

The spatial scale acquisition module is used to acquire the spatial scale of the evaluation plan;

A grid unit determining module, configured to determine a grid unit for conducting health risk assessment according to the spatial scale;

Basic data acquisition module for acquiring basic health risk data;

The element data determination module is used to determine the risk element data and background element data according to the basic health risk data;

The health impact evaluation module is configured to perform health impact evaluation on the risk element data and the background element data according to the grid unit to obtain various risk element impact analysis diagrams and wind field simulation analysis diagrams;

The spatial superposition analysis module is used to perform spatial superposition analysis processing on the various risk element impact analysis graphs and the wind field simulation analysis graph to obtain a comprehensive health risk analysis grid graph;

The planning optimization suggestion determination module is used to determine the planning optimization suggestion based on the comprehensive analysis grid graph of the health risk.
The health risk assessment system for territorial and spatial planning of claim 6, wherein the basic data acquisition module specifically includes:

The data acquisition unit is used to acquire current environmental data, planning schemes and texts;

The basic data acquisition unit is used to obtain basic health risk data according to the current environmental data, planning scheme and text.
The health risk assessment system oriented to the preparation of national land and space planning according to claim 6, wherein the spatial overlay analysis module specifically includes:

The first spatial superposition analysis unit is used to use an addition algorithm to perform raster algebraic summation of the various risk element impact analysis graphs to obtain a comprehensive risk element analysis graph;

The second spatial superposition analysis unit is used to algebraically superpose the comprehensive analysis map of risk elements and the simulation analysis map of the wind field by using an addition algorithm to obtain a comprehensive analysis grid map of health risks.
The health risk assessment system for the preparation of national land and space planning according to claim 6, wherein the planning optimization suggestion determination module specifically includes:

The hot/cold spot spatial distribution determining unit is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result according to the comprehensive analysis grid map of the health risk;

A planning optimization suggestion determining unit is configured to determine a planning optimization suggestion according to the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result.
The health risk assessment system for the preparation of national land and space planning according to claim 9, wherein the hot/cold point spatial distribution determining unit specifically comprises:

The vector conversion subunit is used for vector conversion of the health risk comprehensive analysis raster image to obtain a health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram;

The hot spot analysis subunit is used to determine the hot spot spatial distribution result and the cold spot spatial distribution result by adopting the hot spot analysis method according to the health risk comprehensive analysis vector diagram.