CN109241221A - It is a kind of to probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology - Google Patents
It is a kind of to probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution is probed into based on 3S technology the invention discloses a kind of, basic data and downloading different year research area remote sensing image are collected first, then it extracts land use class figure and is conducted into the software for calculation of landscape indices, then set up landscape indices index system, finally by the analysis of single index assessment and Comprehensive Correlation evaluation analysis, obtain city administrative region of a city Landscape Spatial Pattern Evolution process and Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region Landscape Spatial Pattern Evolution process, comparison and analysis based on two kinds of Landscape Spatial Pattern Evolution processes, probe into the influence that this kind of large-scale cultural attractions of Ming Dynasty city wall may generate the landscape types evolution of old town in its periphery and range；The present invention has carried out quantitative analysis to each index of landscape pattern, keeps evaluation result more accurate；Urban landscape pattern evolution is had an impact to probe into this kind of large-scale cultural attractions of Ming Dynasty city wall and the data supporting and analysis method of quantization are provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Technology of Landscape Design fields, in particular to a kind of to probe into city wall to urban landscape lattice based on 3S technology
The method for quantitatively evaluating that office's evolution influences.
Background technique
Following four angle: history and angle of cultural, protection and benefit is concentrated mainly on to the research of Trichodorus nanjingensis at present
With angle, space and morphological research angle and planning and design angle.
1, the research from history and angle of cultural to Trichodorus nanjingensis
Yang Guoqing has made detailed combing to the origin of Trichodorus nanjingensis and historical upheaval in " City Wall in Nanjing will ".Huang Hui
The function and value that English etc. proposes Trichodorus nanjingensis are from past " practical " to " Culture Type " transformation, city wall cultureal value
Research just receive more and more attention.Yang Guoqing proposes that disclosing engineering by research Trichodorus nanjingensis brick text uses as a servant tissue processed
Change procedure enriches the history culture intension of Trichodorus nanjingensis.Zhang Dandan is proposed Trichodorus nanjingensis and urban culture symbol phase
Connection, advises to the development in Trichodorus nanjingensis future from the angle of dissemination.Yan Hongpeng etc. is mainly existing from Trichodorus nanjingensis
The variation of shape and two aspects of transition process of historic significance are described, and emphasis is directed to the decline of defense function, history relic
The element that material object value, history culture artistic value, polynary potential value etc. can obviously protrude Ming Dynasty city wall meaning is ground
Study carefully and analyzes.
2, from protection and the research using angle to Trichodorus nanjingensis
The problem of Lin Chun is protected by the significance and current City Wall in Nanjing for discussing protection City Wall in Nanjing, mentions
Some protection opinions and suggestions are gone out.Ye Yang is by discussing some values occurred during city wall scenic belt and surrounding enviroment regulation
The phenomenon that must studying, gives for the problems such as plantation of city wall periphery greening, periphery scenic spot service facility, how rationally to open a way
Opinion.Li Li is proposed by discussing the historical evolution of Trichodorus nanjingensis and the development course and status of Ming Dynasty city wall protection
Protect some policy opinions of Trichodorus nanjingensis, it is proposed that set up management and protection that expert team instructs Ming Dynasty city wall, appeal complete
The people participate in the protection work of Ming Dynasty city wall, emphasize the importance of protection in policy and legal construction and Ming Dynasty city wall " Shen something lost " work.It dredges
Tang Hao thinks the protection element of clear scenic belt, us can be made preferably to evaluate the pedestrian system on scenic belt periphery and propose optimization
It is recommended that.Wang Nannan analyzes the conservation value of Trichodorus nanjingensis in terms of history, scientific research, economy, art four, proposes building south
The opinion of capital Ming Dynasty city wall detection early warning platform.Tong Yuquan etc. studies the globality protection to cultural heritage from the visual angle of landscape.
Pass through globality, the systematicness to cultural heritage landscape, the plyability of Heritage area nature, economy and society structure, landscape value
Diversity and landscape, time and its cultural feature the features such as uniformity exploration, illustrate that cultural heritage globality is protected
The reasonable approach protected and utilized.
3, the research from planning and design angle to Trichodorus nanjingensis
Jiang Wutang is from the lexical analysis of the tourist resources potential Development volue of Ming Dynasty city wall, by city wall near region (this
Body), middle area, far field space analysis propose City Wall in Nanjing tourist resources exploitation and imagination.The exploitation of Liu Zhengping proposition city wall
With using that can have segmentation exploitation and two kinds of forms of whole development, to be segmented based on development scheme.Li Li is proposed for Ming Dynasty city wall
The planning of scenic belt from the height of Human Cultural Heritage, should examine closely city wall historical cultural environment and Old City Wall, moat and
The main framing that relevant park green land plays the role of main city's green space system is shown using various ways and utilizes city wall
And surrounding Landscape resource, improve the ecological environment and visual Landscape in Nanjing.The angle that Chen Zhengcong strolls about or have a rest is to Ming Dynasty city wall
It is studied, introduces theory of strolling about or have a rest, refine and summarize suitable Trichodorus nanjingensis in a series of recreation planning and design of city wall greenbelts
The principle and method of planning and designing.
4, from space and research of the form angle to Trichodorus nanjingensis
In recent years, the research for Trichodorus nanjingensis and its peripheral space form gradually increases, these research objects are most
Based on the linear space such as the green road, the Linear Park that are formed centered on city wall.Horse great waves etc. is empty for city wall in urbanization process
Between occur between occur land used conflict, environmental disruption, space squeeze, it is inside and outside barrier, health deteriorate etc. various problems,
It proposes to find countermeasure from the development law in the Perspective Analysis city wall space of urbanization evolution and based on this.Xu Zhen etc. from plane,
Style and features and function three layer viewpoints are to the differentiation between the open space form 1930-2008 of Trichodorus nanjingensis periphery, certainly
Ming Dynasty city wall and periphery open space play the role of the globality of cityscape, duration.Zhao Chenyang etc. is by the spot
Investigation and data information are collected, and analyze the status in the green road of Ming Dynasty city wall, behaviour in service and there are problems, summarize the green road of Ming Dynasty city wall
The characteristics of as using the linear history gallery in city as the green road of carrier and function, and think deeply solution.Zhao Nanyan is bright with Nanjing
City wall surrounding enviroment are research object, are started with from the historical development of City Wall in Nanjing landscape, influence factor, spatial shape etc.,
Inquired into the success and shortcoming of Trichodorus nanjingensis surrounding enviroment landscape design, and the integration from city wall landscape, naturalization,
Four humanism, standardization aspects are drawn a conclusion, and proposing can Proposals for reference.
It is in the majority in the conventional way in these investigation, early period point is mostly carried out with the professional standing and experience of practitioner
Analysis, be with qualitative, subjective evaluation method it is leading, planning and designing foundation is in the perceptual knowledge to place, often final side
Case lacks the technical data support of rationality, lacks scientific and reasonability.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on 3S skill
Art probes into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution, first within the scope of entire Nanjing administrative region of a city and Ming Dynasty city wall
After the remote sensing image in region extracts and classifies, relevant landscape pattern is calculated using FRAGSTATS landscape pattern software
Index, by the quantitative analysis and comparison to two different survey region landscape indices, to probe into this kind of large size of Ming Dynasty city wall
The further planning and design of influence and Ming Dynasty city wall surrounding landscape that cultural attractions generate the Research on Changes of Landscape Pattern of survey region
The guidance foundation of science is provided.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of to probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology, specific steps are such as
Under:
1) geo-spatial data for collecting and arranging city administrative region of a city, delimit standard according to administrative division and city wall position
True range；Different year remote sensing image data is obtained, and geometric correction is carried out to remote sensing figure；
2) it carries out the land type in remote sensing image to extract and classify, and the classification chart of generation is switched into tiff format；
3) according to city wall position, the remote sensing image of city wall range inner region is generated using the same method of step 2)
Land use class figure；
4) landscape indices are selected, index system is established；
5) corresponding landscape pattern will be calculated in the tiff format classification chart importing Fragstats software of step 2) generation to refer to
Number；
6) using same method in step 5), the landscape indices of survey region within the scope of city wall are calculated；
7) it is compared and analyzes by the evolution trend of the landscape indices to region different year, obtain city wall pair
The influence result that urban landscape pattern evolution generates.
In step 1): downloading city 3 phases remote sensing shadow in 2000,2009 and 2017 respectively from spatial geography data cloud website
As data；Using remote sensing image processing software ERDAS IMAGINE, geometric correction is carried out to remote sensing images on the basis of topographic map of urban area.
In step 2): remote sensing image being imported and carries out land type extraction and classification in ENVI5.2, and by the classification of generation
Figure imports in ARCgis, switchs to tiff format；
In step 4): according to the ecological significance of the basic information data of urban area and each landscape indices, selecting 2
8 indexes of level establish landscape pattern's composite index index system.
In step 4): two levels are plaque type level and landscape types level；8 indexes are as follows: plaque area ratio,
Shannon diversity indices, landscape evenness index, Area-weighted average shape index, Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number,
Marginal density, landscape fragmentation index, aggregation degree index.
The specific formula for calculation of 8 indexs is as follows:
PLAND, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, piIndicate ratio shared by plaque type i, aijIndicate the area (unit: m of patch ij2), A indicates total
Plaque area (unit: m2).The range of PLAND is between (0,100).When the value of PLAND is closer to 0, show in landscape model
The area for enclosing the patch of interior the type is fewer；When its value reaches 100, show to contain only a kind of plaque type in landscape.
SHDI, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, PiIndicate the probability that plaque type i occurs in landscape, m is the sum of plaque type in landscape.Work as landscape
When the type of middle patch increases, SHDI also be will increase.
SHEI, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, PiIndicate the probability that plaque type i occurs in landscape, m is the sum of plaque type in landscape.SHEI takes
Being worth range is (0,1), and when patch number is more uneven, value becomes smaller.
AWMSI, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, aijIndicate the area (unit: m of ij patch2), pijIt indicates patch perimeter (unit: m), m is plaque type
Sum, n are patch sums.
AWMPED, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, aijIndicate the area (unit: m of ij patch2), pijIt indicates patch perimeter (unit: m), m is plaque type
Sum, n are patch sums.
ED, unit m/m2, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, E indicates the edge length (unit: m) of landscape, and A indicates landscape area (unit: m2)。
SPILT, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, A indicates the area (unit: m of landscape2), aijIndicate the area (unit: m of patch ij2).Its value model
It is trapped among (1, m) (m indicates the unit number within the scope of landscape).
CONT, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, piIndicate i type patch ratio shared in landscape, gikIndicate lattice adjacent between type i and type k
Net unit number, m indicate the plaque type number in landscape.
The application's probes into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology, receives first
Collect basic data and downloading different year research area remote sensing image, then extraction land use class figure and is conducted into landscape pattern and refers to
In several software for calculation, landscape indices index system is then set up, is analyzed finally by single index assessment and comprehensive
Comparative evaluation's analysis, obtains Nanjing administrative region of a city Landscape Spatial Pattern Evolution process and Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region Landscape Spatial Pattern Evolution process,
Based on the comparison and analysis of two kinds of Landscape Spatial Pattern Evolution processes, probe into this kind of large-scale cultural attractions of Ming Dynasty city wall may to its periphery and
The influence that the landscape types evolution of old town generates in range.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention uses geographical information technology, to each index of landscape pattern into
It has gone quantitative analysis, has kept evaluation result more accurate；Urban landscape pattern is drilled to probe into this kind of large-scale cultural attractions of Ming Dynasty city wall
Change to have an impact and the data supporting of quantization is provided；Data analysis and reason are provided for Greenbelt landscape's planning on Ming Dynasty city wall periphery
Property technology analysis method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall flow figure；
Fig. 2 is landscape classification figure in 2000；
Fig. 3 is landscape classification figure in 2009；
Fig. 4 is landscape classification figure in 2017；
Fig. 5 is the comparative analysis result figure of the Shannon diversity indices variation tendency of two survey regions；
Fig. 6 is the comparative analysis result figure of the landscape aggregation degree index variation trend of two survey regions；
Fig. 7 is the comparative analysis result figure of the landscape evenness index variation tendency of two survey regions；
Fig. 8 is the comparative analysis result figure of the landscape fragmentation index variation tendency of two survey regions；
Fig. 9 is the comparative analysis result figure of the Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number variation tendency of two survey regions；
Figure 10 is the comparative analysis result figure of the Area-weighted average shape index variation trend of two survey regions；
Figure 11 is the comparative analysis result figure of old town different year Variations of landscape trend；
The comparative analysis result figure of the Nanjing Figure 12 different year Variations of landscape trend.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of to probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution, process such as Fig. 1 based on 3S technology
It is shown, the specific steps are as follows:
1, the information and data for collecting and arranging city administrative region of a city, two delimited according to administrative division and city wall position
Accurate research range.
2,3, city different year remote sensing image data is downloaded, and geometric correction is carried out to remote sensing figure.
2.1) city 3 phase remote sensing image numbers in 2000,2009 and 2017 are downloaded respectively from spatial geography data cloud website
According to.
2.2) remote sensing image processing software ERDAS IMAGINE (ERDAS company of the U.S., ERDAS IMAGINE, ERDAS are utilized
IMAGINE9.2), geometric correction is carried out to remote sensing images on the basis of topographic map of urban area.
3, by remote sensing image import ENVI5.0 (Exelis Visual Information Solutions company of the U.S.,
ENVI (The Environment for Visualizing Images), ENVI5.0) in carry out land type extraction and point
Class.
3.1) File order is clicked, Open image file order is clicked, selects the remote sensing image of tiff format, is selected
RGB color, respectively R, G, B choose the striograph of B7, B4, B3 wave band, click Load RGB operation, load out striograph.
3.2) File order is clicked, Save Image As order is clicked, Image file order is clicked, by tiff format
Image switchs to Image format.
3.3) Basic Tools order is clicked, Region of Interest order is clicked, clicks New Region life
It enables, add land-use style and marks, click ROI_Type option, draw each land-use style on Image image with mouse
The form that may be presented, clicks File order, clicks Save order, saves all of above classification after selecting all land-use styles.
3.4) Classification order is clicked, Supervised order is clicked, clicks Maximam Likehihood
Order selects the image of Image format, clicks OK order, selects all classification, clicks OK and saves the image.
3.5) this document is inputted in tri- options of R, G, B respectively, clicks Load RGB operation, generate land type classification
Figure.
3.6) Classification order is clicked, Post Classification order is clicked, is clicked
Classification tovector order selects the classification chart generated in step 3.4, clicks OK, selects all classification, protects
It is stored to .evf format, then saves as .shape file format.
4, the classification chart for generating step 3 imports (U.S. environment system research institute (Environment in ArcMap10.2
System Research Institute, ESRI), ArcMap, ArcMap10.2), switch to tiff format.
4.1) opening steps 3.6) in generate .shape file format classification figure, click ARC TOOL BOX order, point
Crossover tool order is hit, click switchs to grid order, and field selects NAME ID, clicks and saves file.
4.2) it clicks element to turnstile lattice order, clicks grid and switch to extended formatting (batch) and orders, choose defeated in step 4.1
File out, raster data format select tiff format, click and save.
5, according to city wall position, the remote sensing image of city wall range inner region is generated into land used point using same method
Class figure.
6, landscape indices are selected, index system is established.
6.1) method of landscape indices can express the spatial-temporal characteristics of various landscape types.According to urban area
The ecological significance of basic information data and each landscape indices selects 8 indexes of 2 levels to establish landscape pattern's synthesis and refers to
Number index system, two levels are plaque type level and landscape types level, wherein plaque type level is to show in landscape
In every kind of plaque type richness plaque area ratio (PLAND), landscape types level includes: that Shannon diversity refers to
Number (SHDI): the complexity and variability of each plaque type in reflection landscape describe landscape ecological diversity；The landscape uniformity refers to
Number (SHEI): the uniformity of different patch type distribution in characterization landscape；Area-weighted average shape index (AWMSI): reflection
The variability of each patch in the regular degree and landscape of patch shape, patch shape can influence the ecological mistake inside patch
Journey；Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number (AWMPED): the ecological process of internal patch, reflection are influenced for measuring patch shape
The complexity and variability of landscape or patch boundary shape；Marginal density (ED): reflect that the fragmentation degree of landscape and edge are close
The size of degree directly affects edge effect and species composition；Landscape fragmentation index (SPILT): characterization landscape is divided broken
Degree reflects complexity, annoyance level of the mankind to landscape and the influence to natural ecosystems of Landscape Structure；Gather
Spend index (CONT): the nonrandomness or aggregation extent of different patch type and the space configuration of landscape component are special in reflection landscape
Sign；Specific main formulas for calculating is as follows:
PLAND, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, piIndicate ratio shared by plaque type i, aijIndicate the area (unit: m of patch ij2), A indicates total
Plaque area (unit: m2).The range of PLAND is between (0,100).When the value of PLAND is closer to 0, show in landscape model
The area for enclosing the patch of interior the type is fewer；When its value reaches 100, show to contain only a kind of plaque type in landscape.
SHDI, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, PiIndicate the probability that plaque type i occurs in landscape, m is the sum of plaque type in landscape.Work as landscape
When the type of middle patch increases, SHDI also be will increase.
SHEI, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, PiIndicate the probability that plaque type i occurs in landscape, m is the sum of plaque type in landscape.SHEI takes
Being worth range is (0,1), and when patch number is more uneven, value becomes smaller.
AWMSI, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, aijIndicate the area (unit: m of ij patch2), pijIt indicates patch perimeter (unit: m), m is plaque type
Sum, n are patch sums.
AWMPED, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, aijIndicate the area (unit: m of ij patch2), pijIt indicates patch perimeter (unit: m), m is plaque type
Sum, n are patch sums.
ED, unit m/m2, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, E indicates the edge length (unit: m) of landscape, and A indicates landscape area (unit: m2)。
SPILT, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, A indicates the area (unit: m of landscape2), aijIndicate the area (unit: m of patch ij2).Its value model
It is trapped among (1, m) (m indicates the unit number within the scope of landscape).
CONT, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, piIndicate i type patch ratio shared in landscape, gikIndicate lattice adjacent between type i and type k
Net unit number, m indicate the plaque type number in landscape.
7, by the tiff format classification chart generated in step 4 importing Fragstats software, (the state university of Oregon, America is gloomy
Woods science system, Fragstats, Fragstats v4.2.1) in calculate corresponding landscape indices.
7.1) New order is clicked, Analysis parameters order is clicked, No sampling order is clicked, chooses
Patch metrics, Class metrics, Landscape metrics order.
7.2) Input layers order is clicked, Add layer order is clicked, chooses .GIF format, is selected raw in step 4
At tiff format classify map file, click OK.
7.3) corresponding landscape indices in step 6 are chosen, Run order is clicked and carries out, Results order is clicked and checks
Calculated result.
8, using method same in step 7, the landscape indices of survey region within the scope of city wall are calculated.
9, it is compared by the evolution trend to two survey regions landscape indices in 2000,2009 and 2017
And analysis, probe into the influence that this kind of large-scale cultural attractions of Ming Dynasty city wall generate urban landscape pattern evolution.
9.1) evaluation criterion according to each landscape indices, the landscape characteristic that single index is showed respectively
It is evaluated and is analyzed.
9.2) comprehensive each index is respectively to the landscape of Nanjing overall region and Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region landscape pattern
Diversity, landscape variability and complexity, the degree of fragmentation of landscape and the uniformity and the concentration class of patch analyzed and compared with.
Embodiment 2
Using the method for embodiment 1, using Nanjing as survey region, it is research formation with Ming Dynasty city wall, carries out based on 3S skill
Art probes into the quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution, and key step is as follows:
1) basic data and downloading different year Nanjing remote sensing image are collected, land use class figure is then extracted and is led
Enter and calculates landscape indices in software.
Using the Nanjing shadow in 2000,2009 and 2017 obtained from geographical spatial data cloud geographic information application platform
As scheming as basic data, resolution ratio 30m, other auxiliary graphs and written historical materials include Nanjing topographic map, Nanjing row
Political affairs zoning map etc..Geometric correction is carried out in ERDAS software to the striograph of acquisition on the basis of the topographic map of Nanjing.It will correction
Striograph afterwards imports in ENVI5.0 and extracts each landscape types, using the method for man computer interactive interpretation, its landscape is divided into several
Type: Urban Land, meadow, arable land, forest land, water body waters finally obtain land-use style classification chart, as shown in figs 2-4.Root
According to the range of Ming Dynasty city wall, land-use style classification chart is imported in ARCmap10.2 and is cut out required old town research range.It will
The land use class figure of two, old town survey region, which is directed respectively into ARCgis10.2, within the scope of Nanjing administrative region of a city and Ming Dynasty city wall changes into
After tiff format, then imports and calculate landscape indices in Frasgtats.
2) pattern index's index system is seen in building
To carry out science to complicated things or system, accurately evaluate, need to go deep into excavate its essence and internal association,
According to certain level and connection selection evaluation index, and construct applicable assessment indicator system.With evaluation content, Nanjing
The ecological significance of landscape system feature and each landscape indices selects suitable evaluation to establish index system as criterion.
Landscape indices include 3 levels, are patch level, plaque type level and landscape level level respectively.Root
According to the study the characteristics of region and the ecological significance of each landscape indices, the 8 of plaque type level and landscape level level are selected
A index is demonstrated by survey region landscape diversity, landscape heterogeneity and complexity, landscape fragmentation degree and landscape collection respectively
The situation of change of poly- degree.
3) evaluation analysis of single landscape index index
After evaluation index has been determined, according to the ecological significance of each landscape indices, respectively to Nanjing entirety administrative region of a city
The landscape characteristic showed with the single index of Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region is evaluated and is analyzed, such as table 3.1-3.4 institute
Show.
3.1 2000,2009 and 2017 years Nanjing landscapes of table are totally constituted
3.2 2000,2009 and 2017 years Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region landscapes of table are totally constituted
3.3 2000-2017 years Nanjing landscape level indexes of table
| Index | 2000 | 2009 | 2017 |
| Shannon diversity indices | 1.37 | 1.50 | 1.57 |
| Landscape evenness index | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.97 |
| Area-weighted average shape index | 41.71 | 14.79 | 9.75 |
| Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number | 1.28 | 1.23 | 1.20 |
| Marginal density | 78.33 | 88.87 | 96.21 |
| Landscape fragmentation index | 12.02 | 107.74 | 183.28 |
| Landscape aggregation degree index | 24.06 | 16.48 | 12.16 |
3.4 2000-2017 years Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region landscape level indexes of table
| Index | 2000 | 2009 | 2017 |
| Shannon diversity indices | 0.58 | 0.86 | 1.15 |
| Landscape evenness index | 0.36 | 0.53 | 0.72 |
| Area-weighted average shape index | 6.55 | 9.62 | 11.87 |
| Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.26 |
| Marginal density | 35.31 | 57.05 | 98.47 |
| Landscape fragmentation index | 1.38 | 1.71 | 6.21 |
| Landscape aggregation degree index | 73.28 | 59.47 | 43.77 |
3.1) calculated result shows that the main landscape types in the administrative region of a city of Nanjing are meadow and arable land, accounts for about 72%.2000
Landscape types composition ratio year to Nanjing between 2017 has occurred obvious variation, shared by the area of each landscape types
Ratio shows different degrees of increase and decrease.
Lasting rising in Shannon diversity indices 2000 to 2017, rises to 1.57 from 1.37, illustrates spot in landscape
Block type increases；Landscape evenness index persistently rises, and rises to 0.97 from 0.85, illustrates Nanjing landscape pattern due to all kinds of
Factor is especially made the distribution of landscape types more and more uniform by the effect of human activity.
Area-weighted average shape index dropped to 2017 9.75 from 2000 41.71, illustrated patch shape complexity
It reduces；Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number dropped to 2017 1.20 from 2000 1.28, illustrated the complexity of patch boundary
It reduces, Nanjing landscape pattern is increased by the effect of human activity, self similitude of patch is reinforced.
Marginal density was risen to 2017 96.21 by 2000 78.33, illustrated that Nanjing landscape pattern is further broken, side
Edge effect becomes apparent.Landscape fragmentation index constantly rises, and illustrates that the complexity of Nanjing landscape rises, mankind's activity is done
The degree of disturbing is continuously increased.
Aggregation degree index by 2000 24.06 drop to 2017 12.16, the reduction of aggregation degree index reflects south
The landscape fragmentation degree of Jing Shi rises, the degree of communication decline of advantage landscape.
It can be seen that by the calculating between each landscape indices it can be found that Nanjing is not formed 2000-2017
Advantage landscape types.But due to the quickening of urbanization process so that each small towns is fast-developing, the distribution of construction land more disperses,
So that not only the diversified degree of landscape distribution rises in region, it is also more uniform, while being risen by mankind's activity annoyance level.
3.2) calculated result show Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region main landscape types be construction land, 2000 to 2017
Year, construction land proportion is constantly reduced, remaining landscape types occupied area ratio is smaller and gap is little.
Continuous upward trend is presented in aromatic diversity indices within 2000 to 2017 years, rises to 1.15 from 0.58, speedup compared with
Fastly, illustrate that the plaque type in the landscape is increased speed comparatively fast.Landscape evenness index persistently rises, and rises to from 0.36
0.72, illustrate that the percent difference of each landscape types occupied area is smaller and smaller, the distribution of each landscape types presents more and more equal
It is even.
Area-weighted average shape index rose to 2017 11.87 from 2000 6.55, illustrated answering for the patch shape
Miscellaneous degree rises, and becomes more irregular.Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension number rose to 2017 1.26 from 2000 1.20,
Illustrate that the complexity of the patch boundary rises, the landscape pattern of old town is subtracted by the annoyance level of mankind's activity within the scope of Ming Dynasty city wall
It is small.
Marginal density was risen to 2017 98.47 by 2000 35.31, was illustrated under nature or human interference, Ming Dynasty city wall
Landscape pattern in region is further broken, and edge effect is more obvious.Landscape fragmentation index constantly rises, and illustrates city wall region
Interior landscape complexity increases.
Landscape aggregation degree index from 73.28 in 2017 drop to 2000 43.77, illustrate Ming Dynasty city wall region Study of Platycladus orientalis-Robinia pseudoacacia
One is more elements and the intensive pattern deposited, fragmentation degree increasingly increases, the degree of communication decline of advantage landscape.
As it can be seen that by the calculating to 2000-2017 each landscape indices in old town within the scope of Ming Dynasty city wall it can be found that
Due to the good self-control effect in old town, advantage landscape types construction land of the old town during research is gradually decreased,
Homogenization is presented in landscape distribution, and patch boundary complexity rises, and fragmentation index constantly rises.
4) comprehensive analysis
Comprehensive each index is respectively to the more of the landscape of Nanjing overall region and Ming Dynasty city wall range inner region landscape pattern
Sample, landscape variability and complexity, the degree of fragmentation of landscape and the uniformity and the concentration class of patch analyzed and compared with, such as scheme
Shown in 5-12, it is compared by the evolution trend to two survey regions landscape indices in 2000,2009 and 2017
And analysis, discovery:
1, research area's land use pattern is divided into construction land, meadow, arable land, water body waters and forest land totally five class.2000-
2017, Nanjing construction land increased, Cultivated Land Area Decrease；Construction land slightly declines within the scope of Ming Dynasty city wall, cultivated area
It changes little.
2, pass through the analysis and comparison of two survey region landscape indices, it has been found that acted on by Ming Dynasty city wall boundary
It influences, Nanjing entirety landscape diversity and the landscape fragmentation sex index rate of climb are apparently higher than old town within the scope of Ming Dynasty city wall；
Influence of the mankind's activity interference to Nanjing landscape pattern is significantly greater than old town within the scope of Ming Dynasty city wall；The landscape of Nanjing entirety
Aggregation degree is lower than the landscape aggregation degree within the scope of Ming Dynasty city wall.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of probe into the method for quantitatively evaluating that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology, which is characterized in that
Specific step is as follows:
1) geo-spatial data for collecting and arranging city administrative region of a city, delimited accurately according to administrative division and city wall position
Range；Different year remote sensing image data is obtained, and geometric correction is carried out to remote sensing figure；
2) it carries out the land type in remote sensing image to extract and classify, and the classification chart of generation is switched into tiff format；
3) according to city wall position, the remote sensing image of city wall range inner region is generated into land used using the same method of step 2)
Classification chart；
4) landscape indices are selected, index system is established；
5) the tiff format classification chart that step 2) generates is imported in Fragstats software and calculates corresponding landscape indices；
6) using same method in step 5), the landscape indices of survey region within the scope of city wall are calculated；
7) it is compared and analyzes by the evolution trend of the landscape indices to region different year, obtain city wall to city
The influence result that landscape pattern's evolution generates.
2. according to claim 1 probe into the quantitatively evaluating side that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology
Method, which is characterized in that in step 1): city 3 phases in 2000,2009 and 2017 are downloaded respectively from spatial geography data cloud website
Remote sensing image data；Using remote sensing image processing software ERDAS IMAGINE, geometry school is carried out to remote sensing images on the basis of topographic map of urban area
Just.
3. according to claim 1 probe into the quantitatively evaluating side that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology
Method, which is characterized in that in step 2): remote sensing image being imported and carries out land type extraction and classification in ENVI5.2, and will be generated
Classification chart import ARCgis in, switch to tiff format.
4. according to claim 1 probe into the quantitatively evaluating side that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology
Method, which is characterized in that in step 4): according to the ecological significance of the basic information data of urban area and each landscape indices,
8 indexes of 2 levels are selected to establish landscape pattern's composite index index system.
5. it is according to claim 1 or 4 based on 3S technology probe into city wall on urban landscape pattern develop influence quantization comment
Valence method, which is characterized in that in step 4): two levels are plaque type level and landscape types level；8 indexes are as follows: spot
Block area ratio, Shannon diversity indices, landscape evenness index, Area-weighted average shape index, Area-weighted are average
Patch fractal dimension, marginal density, landscape fragmentation index, aggregation degree index.
6. according to claim 5 probe into the quantitatively evaluating side that city wall influences urban landscape pattern evolution based on 3S technology
Method, which is characterized in that the specific formula for calculation of 8 indexs is as follows:
PLAND, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, piIndicate ratio shared by plaque type i, aijIndicate the area of patch ij, m2, A indicates total plaque area, m2；
The range of PLAND is between 0~100；When the value of PLAND is closer to 0, show the face of the patch of the type within the scope of landscape
Product is fewer；When its value reaches 100, show to contain only a kind of plaque type in landscape；
SHDI, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, PiIndicate the probability that plaque type i occurs in landscape, m is the sum of plaque type in landscape；When spot in landscape
When the type of block increases, SHDI also be will increase；
SHEI, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, PiIndicate the probability that plaque type i occurs in landscape, m is the sum of plaque type in landscape；SHEI value model
Enclosing is 0~1, and when patch number is more uneven, value becomes smaller；
AWMSI, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, aijIndicate the area of ij patch, m2；pijIndicate patch perimeter, m；M is the sum of plaque type, and n is that patch is total
Number；
AWMPED, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, aijIndicate the area of ij patch, m2；pijIndicate patch perimeter, m；M is the sum of plaque type, and n is that patch is total
Number；
ED, unit m/m2, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, E indicates the edge length of landscape, m；A indicates landscape area, m2；
SPILT, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, A indicates the area of landscape, m2；aijIndicate the area of patch ij, m2；Its value range indicates landscape in 1~m, m
Unit number in range；
CONT, unit %, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, piIndicate i type patch ratio shared in landscape, gikIndicate grid list adjacent between type i and type k
First number, m indicate the plaque type number in landscape.
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