CN113505510B - Ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing landscape index and random walk model - Google Patents
Ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing landscape index and random walk model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing landscape indexes and a random walk model, which is characterized in that various ecological system service functions are evaluated based on an InVEST model, the ecological system service functions are classified into five grades according to a natural breakpoint method, the ranges of the fourth grade and the fifth grade are extracted to be used as high-value areas of ecological system services, the high-value areas are subjected to equal-weight superposition, and the result is the ecological system service high-value area range. Based on land use type data, MSPA analysis is carried out by using a GuidosToolbox software platform, and core area landscape elements are extracted from results. And taking the intersection of the ecological system service high-value area and the landscape elements in the core area, wherein the intersection is the ecological source area alternative area. And selecting the minimum area threshold value of the ecological source which is most suitable for the research area through trend analysis. The invention provides a new ecological safety pattern recognition system, thereby overcoming the defects of the existing research paradigm and technical system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological safety patterns, in particular to an ecological safety pattern identification method fusing a landscape index and a random walk model.
Background
The ecological safety pattern recognition is mainly based on the ecological protection requirement of a specific level, takes a plaque-gallery-matrix research paradigm of landscape ecology as a theoretical basis, extracts point, line and surface elements which have key effects on guaranteeing the natural ecological process and the ecological system service of a region, and constructs a regional ecological safety pattern according to the point, line and surface elements. The ecological source is a habitat patch which has important significance on regional ecological safety or has a radiation function, is the basis for identifying an ecological safety pattern, and is generally identified by selecting regions such as a natural protection region, a landscape scenic spot and the like or quantitatively evaluating ecological importance. The ecological resistance surface is used as another core element in the process of recognizing the ecological safety pattern, the existing research is generally assigned according to different land use types, the influence of the same land use type on the landscape resistance value under different development and construction strengths is ignored, and the influence of human activities on the ecological resistance value is covered. In recent years, the arrangement of the ecological resistance surface and how to reduce the subjectivity of the arrangement of the ecological resistance surface become important directions.
Currently, a key ecological security pattern composed of an ecological source, an ecological corridor, an ecological node and the like is constructed by taking ecological system service evaluation, ecological flow calculation and landscape pattern index calculation as metering means and using technical methods such as a minimum Cumulative Resistance model (MCR model), a Graph Theory (Graph Theory) and a current Theory (Circuit Theory) and the like. The ecological safety pattern is identified, so that the ecological process can be reasonably regulated and controlled, the material circulation and energy circulation of the region can be maintained, the method is an important way for keeping the health of the ecological system of the region and guaranteeing the ecological safety, the healthy living environment can be maintained, the urban expansion can be effectively controlled, and a spatial explicit planning blueprint can be provided for the national ecological safety guarantee and the landscape sustainable utilization under the changed environment. Therefore, an ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing a landscape index and a random walk model is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides an ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing a landscape index and a random walk model, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing the landscape index and the random walk model comprises the following steps:
A. evaluating various ecosystem service functions based on an InVEST model, classifying into five levels according to a natural discontinuity point method, extracting the range of the fourth level and the fifth level as a high-value area of the ecosystem service, performing equal-weight superposition on the high-value areas, and taking a union set to obtain the range of the high-value area of the ecosystem service;
B. based on land use type data, obtaining a core area range in an MSPA (minimum shift register) analysis result by using a morphological spatial pattern analysis model; taking the intersection of the ecosystem service high-value area and the core area range extracted by MSPA analysis, wherein the intersection is the ecological source area alternative area; selecting the minimum area threshold of the ecological source area most suitable for the research area by setting different minimum area thresholds of the ecological source areas and observing the relation between the minimum area threshold of each ecological source area and the number of the ecological source area patches; and extracting the ecological source area of the research area according to the threshold value.
C. When the ecological resistance surface is constructed, as the higher the habitat quality is, the higher the biodiversity level is, and the smaller the resistance of species movement is, the habitat quality is calculated by using an InVEST model, and the ecological resistance value is defined as the inverse ratio of the habitat quality;
D. the method comprises the steps of identifying the spatial distribution conditions of ecological galleries and ecological nodes of a research area based on a random walk model, calculating a landscape fragmentation index of an effective granularity size through a Fragstats software platform, gridding the index by utilizing an ArcGIS software platform, correcting an accumulated current density value calculated by the random walk model by combining an MESH gridding result, and selecting an area which is still high in current after correction as a key ecological node.
Preferably, in the step a, based on a plurality of modules in the InVEST model, the importance and the ecological sensitivity of the ecological service function in a certain area are quantitatively evaluated, and a high-value area of the ecological system service is extracted to prepare for extracting the plaque of the ecological source area.
Preferably, the morphological spatial pattern analysis method in the step B adopts mathematical operations of corrosion, expansion, opening operation and closing operation through a mathematical morphology principle to analyze and scale-divide spatial pattern distribution of a raster image, identify different spatial structures, set land with ecological effect as a foreground and other non-ecological land as a background based on land utilization remote sensing monitoring data, perform binarization reclassification by using an ArcGIS software platform, import the reclassified raster data into a guido toolbox2.8_64windows software platform, obtain 7 types of landscapes with different functions, namely a core area, a branch, an edge, a pore, an island, a bridge area and a loop area, extract vector surface data of the core area in an MSPA analysis result, and prepare for extracting an ecological source region patch later.
Preferably, after the ranges of the ecosystem service high-value area and the core area in the MSPA analysis result are obtained in the step B, an intersection is taken for the two vector plane data layers by using an intersection tool in an ArcGIS software toolbox, the plaque obtained by the intersection is used as a candidate plaque of an ecological source, and a layer attribute table of the candidate plaque of the ecological source is opened to see the number and the area attribute value of each candidate plaque; setting different minimum area thresholds of the ecological source area, respectively counting the number of patches larger than the threshold, inputting the counting result into Excel software to generate a line graph, wherein the vertical axis reflects the number of patches, the horizontal axis reflects the minimum area threshold of the ecological source area, the change trend of the number of patches under different minimum area thresholds can be analyzed according to the line graph, and the number of the patches is observed when the number of the patches is reduced to be flat and slow, and the value on the horizontal axis is the minimum area threshold of the ecological source area; and extracting the ecological source of the research area according to the threshold value.
Preferably, in the step C, since the area with better habitat quality has more biological species and more ecological information transmission is smooth, when constructing the ecological resistance surface, the resistance value is defined as the reciprocal of the habitat quality, that is, the habitat quality is better, the species flow and information transmission efficiency is higher, and the resistance value is lower.
Preferably, in the step D, the random walk model simulates a migration and diffusion process of species individuals or gene streams in a certain landscape by using the characteristic that charges randomly walk in the circuit, the species individuals or the gene streams in the complex landscape are compared with the charges, the landscape is regarded as a resistance surface, and corresponding resistance values are given to various landscapes according to whether the ecological process is favorable, so that a corridor simulated by the random walk model can meet the migration requirements of multiple species and better conforms to the real situation of species movement.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an ecological security pattern recognition method fusing a landscape index and a random walk model, and a new ecological security pattern recognition system for recognizing an ecological source, constructing an ecological resistance surface, extracting an ecological corridor and selecting a key ecological node is constructed.
2. According to the invention, the high-value area is extracted according to the spatial differentiation characteristics of the service value of the ecosystem and the core area extracted by morphological spatial pattern analysis, so that an ecological source extraction system is constructed.
3. In the aspect of resistance surface construction, most researches are based on an MCR model, the resistance surface is constructed by subjectively endowing a resistance value, the habitat quality is calculated based on a mathematical model according to land utilization data, threat factor data, threat sources and other data, and the method for obtaining the ecological resistance value by negating the habitat quality is obviously superior to subjective assignment.
4. The invention considers that the random migration and diffusion process of species individuals or groups in the landscape environment has similarity with the random charge migration, so the random migration is applied to the field of landscape ecology, the characteristics of the regional ecological safety pattern can be fitted well, moreover, the relevant physical terms just form a one-to-one correspondence with the relevant terms of the landscape ecology and are vivid, the invention is beneficial to predicting the diffusion and migration movement rules of the species, identifying a plurality of alternative paths with certain width in the ecological safety pattern, determining the relative importance of habitat patches and galleries through the strength of the current between the sources and the ground, and effectively identifying the landscape elements which have important influence on the landscape connectivity. The method has the advantages of small data amount required by calculation, simple process and integration of structural and functional galleries between ecological sources, meets the migration requirements of multiple species, better accords with the real situation of species movement, provides a new method for quantifying and identifying key areas in the ecological safety pattern, and breaks through the recognition of the minimum cost path between habitats only by means of the minimum cost path method in the prior art.
5. The invention finds out the fragmentation condition of the ecological land in the ecological corridor range of the research area by calculating the landscape fragmentation index of the effective granularity and gridding the landscape fragmentation index, corrects the accumulated current density value calculated by the random walk model according to the fragmentation condition, and selects the area which still keeps high current after correction as a key ecological node. A reference may be provided for determining a recent target area for ecological remediation.
6. The technical result of the invention can provide scientific reference for extracting key ecological nodes and constructing regional ecological protection patterns.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap for the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a random walk theoretical data structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a random walk theory expressing heterogeneous grid landscape in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 4a-f are graphs of the evaluation results of the ecosystem service and the spatial distribution characteristics of the high-value area of the ecosystem service according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of MSPA analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating core landscape elements extracted from MSPA analysis results according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the minimum area threshold of the ecological source and the number of the ecological sources;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an ecological source of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of habitat quality for the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the ecological resistance surface of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the cumulative current density distribution based on the random walk model according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a spatial distribution plot of ecological versus non-ecological land within the scope of the ecological corridor of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of the results of the meshing of the ecological ground effective grain size within the scope of the ecological corridor according to the invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of the cumulative current density value and key ecological node selection results based on effective particle size correction in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of the ecological security pattern of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-15, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing the landscape index and the random walk model comprises the following steps:
A. based on an InVEST model, evaluating various ecosystem service functions (water yield, water and soil conservation service, carbon sequestration and grain yield service), classifying into five grades according to a natural discontinuous point method, extracting the ranges of the fourth grade and the fifth grade as high-value areas of the ecosystem service, performing equal-weight superposition on the high-value areas, and acquiring a union set to obtain the range of the high-value areas of the ecosystem service. Quantitatively evaluating the importance and the ecological sensitivity of the ecological service function in a certain area based on a plurality of modules in an InVEST model, extracting a high-value area of the ecological system service, and preparing for extracting ecological source region patches later;
B. based on land utilization type data, acquiring a core area range in an MSPA analysis result by utilizing a morphological space pattern analysis model, analyzing and dividing the space pattern distribution of a grid image by adopting mathematical operations of corrosion, expansion, opening operation and closing operation according to a mathematical morphology principle to identify different space structures, setting land (such as forest land, grassland, water area and the like) with ecological effect as a foreground and other non-ecological land as a background based on land utilization remote sensing monitoring data, performing binary reclassification by utilizing an ArcGIS software platform, importing the reclassified grid data into a Guido Toolbox 2.8-64 windows software platform, acquiring 7 types of landscapes with different functions, namely a branch, an edge, a pore, an island, a core area and a bridge circular line area by utilizing a series of graphic processing methods, extracting vector surface data of the core area in the MSPA analysis result, preparing for extracting the ecological source plaque later; taking the intersection of the ecosystem service high-value area and the core area range extracted by MSPA analysis, wherein the intersection is the ecological source area alternative area; opening a layer attribute table of the ecological source candidate patches to see the serial numbers and area attribute values of the candidate patches, respectively counting the number of the patches larger than the threshold value by setting different ecological source minimum area threshold values, inputting the counting result into Excel software to generate a line graph, wherein the vertical axis reflects the number of the patches, the horizontal axis reflects the ecological source minimum area threshold value, the change trend of the number of the patches under different minimum area threshold values can be analyzed according to the line graph, and the number of the patches is observed when the number of the patches is reduced to be flat, and the value on the horizontal axis is the minimum area threshold value of the ecological source; and extracting the ecological source area of the research area according to the threshold value.
C. When the ecological resistance surface is constructed, the higher the ecological quality is, the higher the biological diversity level is, the smaller the resistance of species movement is, the ecological quality is calculated by using an InVEST model, the ecological resistance value is defined as the inverse ratio of the ecological quality, and the more the species are in the area with better ecological quality, the more the ecological information transmission is smooth, so that when the ecological resistance surface is constructed, the resistance value is defined as the reciprocal of the ecological quality, namely the ecological quality is better, the higher the species flow and the information transmission efficiency is, the lower the resistance value is;
D. identifying the spatial distribution conditions of ecological corridors and ecological nodes in a research area based on a random walk model, calculating a landscape fragmentation index of an effective granularity size through a Fragstats software platform, gridding the index by utilizing an ArcGIS software platform, correcting an accumulated current density value calculated by the random walk model by combining an MESH gridding result, selecting a region which is still high in current after correction as a key ecological node, simulating the migration and diffusion process of species individuals or gene flow in a certain landscape by utilizing the random walk characteristic of the charge in a circuit, simulating the species individuals or the gene flow in a complex landscape to the charge, regarding the passed landscape as a resistance surface (namely, a resistance surface in ecology), endowing various landscapes with corresponding resistance values (namely, resistance values) according to whether the ecological process is beneficial to the certain ecological process, for example, a grassland can be used, The land utilization type such as woodland and the like which is easy for species migration or promotes gene flow is endowed with a low resistance value, the land utilization type such as construction land, bare rock and the like which hinders migration and flow is endowed with a high resistance value, accordingly, heterogeneous landscapes are abstracted into a series of nodes and resistances, the nodes represent habitats, populations or protected areas, wherein the resistance, the current and the voltage calculation crossing the landscapes are related to the whole ecological process, the magnitude of the current refers to the magnitude of the diffusion probability of the species along a certain path (as shown in figure 2), the random walk model has more explanatory power due to the combination of the randomness of the species movement, can identify a plurality of diffusion paths with certain width and display corridor redundancy, and can determine the relative importance of ecological source areas and corridors through the strength of the current between the source areas, and can be used for ecological restoration planning, predicting spatial heterogeneity and ecological and genetic effect of landscape change, the corridor simulated by the random walk model can meet the migration requirements of multiple species and better meet the real situation of species movement.
In analyzing the raster data, it is first necessary to assign resistance values to the different landscape types, fig. 3 being a simple example, the resistances of the three different landscape types are assigned to the three categories of finite resistance, zero resistance and infinite resistance, respectively, and in order to convert the grid network into a circuit form, the cells with finite resistance are converted into nodes (gray, which may represent the different landscape types), while the cells with infinite resistance (i.e., cells representing complete barriers, black) are discarded, adjacent nodes are connected by resistances, and adjacent cells with zero resistance ("short-circuit area", which may be used to represent a continuous habitat) are merged into a single node, and then connected by resistances to all nodes around the zero resistance. Through this process, the 16 grid cells in fig. 3 are represented as a circuit diagram having 13 nodes and 18 resistances. According to ohm's law in physics, current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance in a circuit, and the basic expression is:
I＝V/R
in the formula: i, current; v, voltage; r, effective resistance, also known as resistance distance.
The current I is directly related to the resistance distance R, and under the condition of a certain voltage, the larger the resistance distance R is, the smaller the current I is. This means that if the resistance distance of a certain path is too large, the diffusion of the species may select another path with better preference, i.e. a path with smaller resistance distance. Specific physical terms and their comparative meanings in ecology are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison table of related physical terms and their ecological meanings
The ecological corridor is an important line for species flowing and information transfer between ecological sources and is also a passage with the lowest resistance obstacle, the ecological corridor increases the connectivity of regional ecological landscapes by connecting different ecological sources, maintains the stability of regional ecology, and identifies the spatial distribution conditions of the ecological corridor and ecological nodes by using Circuitscape software and a Link Mapper tool based on a random walk theory;
the complexity of the structure and the function of the ecological corridor ensures that the width of the corridor has great uncertainty, and the width of the ecological corridor is determined by a plurality of factors such as a protection target, vegetation conditions, corridor functions, surrounding land utilization, corridor length and the like; generally, the wider the gallery, the better, with increasing width, the heterogeneity of the environment increases, which in turn leads to an increase in species diversity; it is believed by the scholars that when considering the movement of all species, or when the biological attributes of the target species are poorly understood, or when galleries for animal migration are expected to run for decades, the appropriate gallery width should be measured in kilometers, so with the help of the link Mapper tool in the random walk model, 1200 meters are set as the gallery width threshold to identify the minimum cumulative cost path between different sources, and the different gallery widths set by the link Mapper tool, it is found that as the widths increase, the movement of organisms between core regions has more possibility, causing current shunting, the cumulative current density in the "node" region continuously decreases, but the position of the "node" region does not change significantly, and the increase of the gallery width has little influence on the connectivity of the whole landscape.
In addition, the random walk model has multiple calculation modes, the 'pair' calculation mode is used for calculating 'node' areas in the connection galleries between two adjacent core areas, the 'many-to-one' calculation mode is used for calculating 'node' areas in the connection galleries between a certain core area and all other core areas, and simulation analysis shows that the 'node' areas obtained by the 'pair' calculation mode have no value in maintaining the connectivity of the whole landscape, and organisms can move between the two core areas by bypassing other core areas, so that the 'node' areas are identified in the 'many-to-one' calculation mode.
Inside the ecological corridor, compared with the area with high accumulated current density value but non-concentrated ecological land distribution, the area with high accumulated current density value and concentrated ecological land distribution is an area which is easier for developing ecological restoration work, and considering that ecological restoration is a progressive process, it is necessary to extract an area with complete and continuous ecological land distribution as a key ecological node, according to the calculated accumulated current density value, the landscape fragmentation index (selected as the effective granularity size index) is used for correction, the corrected area which is still at a high current value is used as the key ecological node, and the specific process and the calculation formula are as follows:
the landscape crushing index of the effective granularity size can effectively reflect the difference characteristics of landscape area weight and structure, the index integrates the ecological process, landscape components and spatial pattern, the crushing condition of the landscape can be more comprehensively and objectively characterized, the smaller the effective granularity size is, the higher the landscape crushing degree is, only the crushing condition of the ecological land in the range of an ecological corridor is analyzed, therefore, the land utilization types are classified into two types in advance, one type is the ecological land, the other type is the non-ecological land, the effective granularity size index of the ecological land under the type scale is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein m represents the effective granularity of the landscape i, and n is the non-landscape iNumber of broken plaques, a ij Representing the area of the patch ij, A is the total area of the landscape, and the index is equal to the sum of squares of all patch areas in a certain patch type divided by the total area of the landscape, and then divided by 10000 and converted into hm 2 。
Effective granularity gridding adopts a method of establishing geographic space grids to count the fragmentation condition of the ecological land in each space grid, namely, a fishing net tool is established through an ArcGIS software platform, a plurality of grid areas with the same size are divided into a research area, then, through operations of division, masking and the like, a land utilization type image is masked by utilizing grid vector data, then, the land utilization type data of the divided and masked land utilization type data are led into a Fragstats software platform to carry out batch calculation of effective granularity (MESH) indexes, and finally, the calculation result is led back to the ArcGIS software platform to carry out gridding so as to further extract key ecological nodes.
For the selection of the key ecological node, the accumulated current density value is corrected by using the effective granularity index, the region which is still in a high current value after correction is selected as the key ecological node, the ratio of the effective granularity of each grid to the average value of the effective granularity in the corresponding region is multiplied by the accumulated current density value before correction, the corrected accumulated current density value is obtained, and the correction formula is as follows:
in the formula, Y i The current density value is the accumulated current density value before correction; MESH i The effective granularity of the patch where the grid i is located; MESH a The average value of the effective granularity size in the corresponding area of the grid i is obtained; and Y' i is the corrected accumulated current density value.
After the steps are completed, an ecological safety pattern consisting of an ecological source area, an ecological corridor and (key) ecological nodes can be constructed, and the near, medium and long-term ecological protection ranges in a research area can be divided according to the result, so that planned reference is provided for ecological restoration work.
Example two:
(1) ecosystem service function assessment
The high value regions (i.e. the regions of level 4 and level 5) of the above 4 ecosystem services are respectively extracted, and the union is taken to obtain a graph 4f representing the overall spatial distribution of various high-quality ecosystem services, and the data is applied to the subsequent extraction of the ecosystem source.
(2) Extraction of core region patches based on morphological spatial pattern analysis
FIG. 5 shows the MSPA analysis results. Based on this result, the distribution range of the patch in the core area is extracted by the extraction tool of the ArcGIS software platform, and the raster data is converted into vector plane data (fig. 6), which is applied to the extraction of the subsequent ecological source.
(3) Extracting ecological source
Through an ArcGIS software platform, the intersection of the ecosystem service high-value area and the core area range extracted by MSPA analysis is taken, the number of patch blocks larger than the threshold is respectively counted by setting a plurality of minimum area thresholds of the ecosystem, the statistical result is input into Excel software to generate a line graph and perform trend analysis, and as can be seen in the graph 7, when the minimum area threshold is 7km 2 In the meantime, the number of the patches decreases gradually, so that in the present case, the minimum area threshold of the ecological source is 7km 2 In total, 553 ecological source areas are obtained, the ecological source area patches in the peripheral area of the research area are relatively concentrated and continuous, and the ecological source area patches in the peripheral area are mostly distributed in an island shape.
(4) Construction of ecological resistance surface
Based on the InVEST model, the habitat mass distribution of the research area is simulated (figure 9), and a resistance surface (figure 10) for obstructing the ecological flow pattern of the research area is constructed according to the habitat quality, and the resistance surface is inverted according to the habitat quality, wherein the habitat quality area is mainly distributed in the peripheral area of the research area and the east parallel ridge valley area, the low-value area is distributed in the urban (town) area and the rural residential points, because the habitat quality of the urban (town) area is 0, when inverse proportion operation is carried out, the value is close to infinity, infinite resistance is shown, when the river system is used, the area with better habitat quality has lower obstruction capability to the ecological flow, and a linear low resistance value is easily formed.
(5) Recognition of ecological corridor and ecological nodes based on random walk model
A circumscriptcape 4.0.5 software platform and a linkage mapper tool are used, a many-to-one mode is selected, and the width threshold of the ecological corridor is set to be 1200 m so as to identify the space distribution condition of the ecological corridor and the ecological nodes in the research area. In the many-to-one mode, one ecological source patch in the landscape surface is grounded, 1A current is input into the other patches, the current value from all the patches to the patch is calculated, and the distribution situation of ecological galleries and accumulated current density values in the many-to-one mode is obtained through iterative operation (figure 11).
The research area gallery analysis result is shown in fig. 11, and the result is complex as a whole, the southwest part, the northeast part and the northwest part in the research area have high current values, the current value of the eastern part is low, the widths of galleries are different, the number of important galleries in the northeast part is the largest, partial galleries in the western part are clustered into nets, and the net density is low.
(6) Effective grain size meshing
The spatial distribution of ecological and non-ecological lands within the ecological corridor is shown in fig. 12, in which the types of the ecological corridors in the peripheral regions of the research area are mainly ecological lands, while the types of the ecological corridors in the internal regions are mainly non-ecological lands.
Fig. 13 shows the gridding result of the effective grain size of the ecological land in the ecological corridor range and under the type scale, and it can be seen that the areas with higher effective grain size indexes are in the northeast and the west areas, which shows that the crushing degree of the ecological land in the areas is low. This result will be used to correct the cumulative current density value calculated by the random walk model to pick out the key ecological nodes in the area under study.
(7) Correcting accumulated current density value based on effective granularity size and selecting key ecological node
In the practice of implementing ecological restoration and reconstruction, key points and barrier areas should be considered preferentially, but in an original ecological safety pattern construction system, most researches directly take an accumulated current density high-value area calculated by a random walk model as an important area for ecological protection, but do not consider differentiation details in an ecological corridor, the invention increases the consideration of the ecological crushing degree in the range of the ecological corridor on the basis of the traditional research paradigm, selects an area with high accumulated current density value and relatively concentrated ecological land distribution as a key ecological node, and extracts a result as shown in fig. 14.
(8) Construction of an ecological safety Pattern
The construction elements of the ecological safety pattern comprise an ecological source area, an ecological corridor and (key) ecological nodes, the MSPA analysis, the ecological system service evaluation, the random walk model, the landscape index calculation and other methods are comprehensively applied, and according to a new ecological safety pattern construction system of 'identifying the ecological source area, constructing an ecological resistance surface, extracting the ecological corridor and selecting the key ecological nodes', a multi-dimensional and relatively objective ecological safety pattern construction result (figure 15) capable of representing the internal details of the landscape elements is obtained, the result clarifies key areas needing adjustment and restoration, and the selected key ecological nodes are selected in a targeted manner, so that the construction time sequence of the engineering of the key areas is formulated, scientific basis is provided for ecological planning, and reference is provided for constructing the ecological safety patterns in other areas.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing the landscape index and the random walk model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. evaluating various ecosystem service functions based on an InVEST model, classifying into five levels according to a natural discontinuity point method, extracting the range of the fourth level and the fifth level as a high-value area of the ecosystem service, performing equal-weight superposition on the high-value area, and taking a union set to obtain the range of the high-value area of the ecosystem service;
B. based on land use type data, obtaining a core area range in an MSPA (minimum shift register) analysis result by using a morphological spatial pattern analysis model; taking the intersection of the ecosystem service high-value area and the core area range extracted by MSPA analysis, wherein the intersection is an ecological source area alternative area; selecting the minimum area threshold of the ecological source area most suitable for the research area by setting different minimum area thresholds of the ecological source areas and observing the relation between the minimum area threshold of each ecological source area and the number of patches of the ecological source areas; extracting ecological source areas of the research area according to the threshold value, analyzing and dividing the spatial pattern distribution of the grid image by a morphological spatial pattern analysis model through mathematical morphology principle by adopting mathematical operation of corrosion, expansion, opening operation and closing operation, identifying different spatial structures, setting the land with ecological effect as a foreground and other non-ecological areas as a background based on land utilization remote sensing monitoring data, performing binary reclassification by using an ArcGIS software platform, importing the reclassified grid data into a GuidoToolbox2.8_64windows software platform, obtaining 7 types of landscapes with different functions through a series of graphic processing methods, wherein the landscapes are respectively a core area, a branch area, an edge, a pore, an island, a bridging area and a loop line area, extracting vector surface data of the core area in the MSPA analysis result, preparing for extracting ecological source area patches later, and obtaining a high-value area of the ecological system service and the range of the core area in the MSPA analysis result, taking intersection of the two vector surface data layers by using an intersection tool in an ArcGIS software toolbox, taking the plaque obtained by the intersection as an alternative plaque of the ecological source, and opening a layer attribute table of the alternative plaque of the ecological source to see the number and the area attribute value of each alternative plaque; respectively counting the number of patches larger than the threshold value by setting different minimum area threshold values of the ecological source area, inputting the counting result into Excel software to generate a line graph, wherein the vertical axis reflects the number of patches, and the horizontal axis reflects the minimum area threshold value of the ecological source area; extracting an ecological source area of the research area according to the threshold value;
C. when the ecological resistance surface is constructed, as the higher the habitat quality is, the higher the biodiversity level is, and the smaller the resistance of species movement is, the habitat quality is calculated by using an InVEST model, and the ecological resistance value is defined as the inverse ratio of the habitat quality;
D. identifying the spatial distribution conditions of ecological corridors and ecological nodes in a research area based on a random walk model, calculating a landscape fragmentation index which is an effective granularity size through a Fragstats software platform, gridding the index by using an ArcGIS software platform, correcting the accumulated current density value calculated by the random walk model by combining an MESH gridding result, and selecting an area which is still high in current after correction as a key ecological node;
wherein, the calculation formula of the effective granularity size index is as follows:
the correction formula of the accumulated current density value is as follows:
2. The ecological security pattern recognition method fusing the landscape index and the random walk model according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step C, as the area with better habitat quality is provided, the more the biological species are, the more the ecological information transmission is smooth, and therefore, when the ecological resistance surface is constructed, the resistance value is defined as the reciprocal of the habitat quality, namely, the habitat quality is better, the higher the species flow and information transmission efficiency is, and the lower the resistance value is.
3. The ecological security pattern recognition method based on the landscape index and the random walk model, according to claim 1, wherein: and D, simulating the migration and diffusion process of the species individuals or the gene flow in a certain landscape by the random walk model by using the characteristic that the charges randomly walk in the circuit, wherein the species individuals or the gene flow in the complex landscape are similar to the charges, the passed landscape is regarded as a resistance surface, and corresponding resistance values are given to various landscapes according to whether certain ecological processes are facilitated or not, and the corridor simulated by the random walk model can meet the migration requirements of multiple species and better conforms to the real situation of species movement.
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