CN107293341A - Pool reactor - Google Patents
Pool reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107293341A CN107293341A CN201610862925.6A CN201610862925A CN107293341A CN 107293341 A CN107293341 A CN 107293341A CN 201610862925 A CN201610862925 A CN 201610862925A CN 107293341 A CN107293341 A CN 107293341A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 42
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003904 radioactive pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pool reactor, including containment, pond, reactor vessel, reactor core, First Heat Exchanger, second heat exchanger and heating network, pond is located in containment, reactor vessel is located in pond and below the liquid level in pond, reactor vessel has vessel inlet and container outlet, reactor core is located in reactor vessel, First Heat Exchanger is located in containment and outside pond, the vessel inlet and container outlet of First Heat Exchanger and reactor vessel are connected together to enclosed first loop, second heat exchanger is located in containment or outside containment, second heat exchanger is connected together to the second servo loop of closing with First Heat Exchanger, heating network and the second heat exchanger are connected to form tertiary circuit.Operating pressure in pool reactor according to embodiments of the present invention, the first loop is not influenceed by depth of water, can voluntarily be adjusted and is formed as minute-pressure, so as to improve its heating parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear energy applied technical field, more particularly, to a kind of pool reactor.
Background technology
Heat-supplying mode of the current China based on coal make it that haze problem is increasingly severe, and nuclear energy is used as cleaning energy
Source, it is possible to achieve zero-emission.Using nuclear heating, the consumption of traditional fossil energy, more preferable protection ring on the one hand can be reduced
Border；On the other hand the civil area of nuclear energy can be widened, increases heat supply purposes on the basis of original power generation applications.
, must to tackle the present situation that energy resources are rare, environmental pollution is serious for the current energy of China and environment situation
The heat-supplying mode of alternative coal-burning boiler and clean and effective must be considered, and with the gradually expansion of north city Areas benefiting from central heating
Greatly, low-temperature heat supply piles up the competitive advantage of heating field and also will progressively emerged from.
Existing heat supplying nuclear reactor is usually shell-type reactor, it is necessary to set the emergency safety water filling and spray facility etc. to be
System, structure is complex, and when cut accident and non-cut accident occur for nuclear reactor, it is necessary to be entered using different equipment
Row processing, its initial outlay cost is high, and security is poor.
In addition, coolant circuit is interconnected with the water in pond in existing pool reactor, coolant circuit
Interior operating pressure is adjusted by adjusting depth of the reactor in pond, and the depth in pond be typically it is limited, also
The operating pressure of coolant circuit is limited, the heating parameter for ultimately causing reactor is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solving one of above-mentioned technical problem to a certain extent.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of pool reactor, the pool reactor is simple in construction, and cost of investment is low, heat supply effect
Rate is high, peak regulation is adaptable and safe and reliable.
Pool reactor according to embodiments of the present invention, including：Containment；Pond, the pond is located at the containment
It is interior；Reactor vessel, the reactor vessel is located in the pond and below the liquid level in the pond, the reaction
Heap container has vessel inlet and container outlet；Reactor core, the reactor core is located in the reactor vessel；First Heat Exchanger, institute
State First Heat Exchanger to be located in the containment and outside the pond, the First Heat Exchanger and the reactor vessel
Vessel inlet and container outlet are connected together to enclosed first loop；Second heat exchanger, second heat exchanger is located at institute
State in containment or outside the containment, second heat exchanger is connected together to second time of closing with the First Heat Exchanger
Road；Heating network, the heating network is connected to form tertiary circuit with second heat exchanger.
Pool reactor according to embodiments of the present invention, by the way that reactor vessel is arranged in pond, in pond peripheral hardware
Put the First Heat Exchanger connected with reactor vessel, the second heat exchanger connected with First Heat Exchanger and connect with the second heat exchanger
Logical heating network so that the first loop, the First Heat Exchanger and second of closing are formed between reactor vessel and First Heat Exchanger
Tertiary circuit is formed between second servo loop, the second heat exchanger and heating network that closing is formed between heat exchanger, so that reactor
The heat of generation, to heating network, can effectively eliminate radioactive pollution by multistage circuit transmission, improve the peace of pool reactor
Quan Xing, meanwhile, the first loop of closing is isolated under accidental conditions with pond, the operating pressure of working medium in the first loop
Do not influenceed, can voluntarily be adjusted by depth of water, so as to be formed by adjusting the pressure of working medium in the first loop
Minute-pressure, and then the heating parameter of pool reactor is improved, compared with the coal heating mode of traditional heat supply, the pool reactor is supplied
Hot fuel cost is few, and heat cost is low, and peak regulation is adaptable, and zero-emission can be achieved, and heating efficiency is significantly larger than fire coal
Boiler.
In addition, pool reactor according to embodiments of the present invention, can also have technical characteristic additional as follows：
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pool reactor also includes：Passive residual heat heat exchanger, the non-energy
Dynamic afterheat heat exchanger is located in the pond and below the liquid level in the pond, the passive residual heat heat exchanger and institute
State the first loop be connected with when accident occurs for the reactor by the waste heat heat exchange in first loop to the pond
It is interior.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pool reactor also includes：First isolating valve, first isolating valve
It is located on the pipeline between the passive residual heat heat exchanger and first loop, first isolating valve is in the reactor
Close and opened when accident occurs for the reactor during normal operation.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pool reactor also includes：It is located at the safe moisturizing in the pond
The safe water compensating valve on the safe filling pipe is managed and is located at, the safe filling pipe is connected with the reactor vessel at one end
And the other end is connected with the pond, the safe water compensating valve occurs in accident and the reactor vessel in the reactor
Opened when pressure is less than the pressure in the pond so that the water in the pond is injected into the reactor vessel.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pool reactor also includes：Primary Ioops voltage-stablizer, the primary Ioops are steady
Depressor is located in the containment and outside the pond, and the primary Ioops voltage-stablizer is connected to adjust with first loop
Pressure in first loop.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pool reactor also includes：Built-in heat exchanger, the built-in heat exchanger
It is located in the pond and below the liquid level in the pond；External heat exchanger, the external heat exchanger is located at the peace
Outside full shell, for exporting the heat in the pond.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the reactor vessel is located at the bottom in the pond, and the container enters
Mouth is located at the bottom of the reactor vessel and the container outlet is located at the top of the reactor vessel.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pool reactor also includes：Secondary circuit voltage-stablizer, the secondary circuit is steady
Depressor is connected to adjust the pressure in the second servo loop with the second servo loop.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pressure in the second servo loop is more than the pressure in first loop.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pressure in first loop is the micro- of 1.5-20 standard atmospheric pressure
Pressure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pressure in first loop is 5-12 standard atmospheric pressure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the pressure in first loop is 6-9 standard atmospheric pressure.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become from description of the accompanying drawings below to embodiment is combined
Substantially and be readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pool reactor according to embodiments of the present invention.
Reference：
100：Pool reactor；
10：Pond；
11：Containment；
20：Reactor vessel；
21：Vessel inlet；22：Container outlet；
23：Reactor core；
30：First Heat Exchanger；
31：First import；32：First outlet；35：Second outlet；36：Second import；
33：Primary Ioops voltage-stablizer；
40：Second heat exchanger；
45：First import；46：First outlet；
41：Passive preheating heat exchanger；
411：Outlet；412：Import；
42：Heating network；
43：Secondary circuit voltage-stablizer；
50：First isolating valve；
60：Built-in heat exchanger；61：External heat exchanger；
90：Safety injection pipe；91：Safe water compensating valve.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the present invention, and be not considered as limiting the invention.
Pool reactor 100 according to embodiments of the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Pool reactor 100 according to embodiments of the present invention, including containment 11, pond 10, reactor vessel 20, reactor core
23rd, First Heat Exchanger 30, the second heat exchanger 40 and heating network 42.
Specifically, pond 10 is located in containment 11, and reactor vessel 20 is located in pond 10 and in pond 10
Liquid level below, reactor vessel 20 has vessel inlet 21 and container outlet 22, and reactor core 23 is located in reactor vessel 20, the
One heat exchanger 30 is located in containment 11 and outside pond 10, the vessel inlet 21 of First Heat Exchanger 30 and reactor vessel 20
Enclosed first loop is connected together to container outlet 22, the second heat exchanger 40 is located in containment 11 or containment 11
Outside, the second heat exchanger 40 is connected together to the second servo loop of closing, the heat exchanger 40 of heating network 42 and second with First Heat Exchanger 30
It is connected to form tertiary circuit.
In other words, the pool reactor 100 is main by containment 11, pond 10, reactor vessel 20, reactor core 23, first
Heat exchanger 30, the second heat exchanger 40 and heating network 42 are constituted, and containment 11 is formed as limiting in closed shell, and containment 11
There is confined space, pond 10, reactor vessel 20, First Heat Exchanger 30 are respectively provided in the confined space of containment 11, so that
Reduction radioactive substance leaks into the probability of environment, improves the security of pool reactor 100.Meanwhile, there is water in pond 10, instead
Answer and reactor core 23 be provided with heap container 20, reactor vessel 20 is located in pond 10 and below the liquid level in pond 10 so that
The reactor core 23 of reactor vessel 20 is completely submerged in the underwater in pond 10, so that not only can be sharp under accidental conditions
The millpond heat extraction circulatory system constantly exports to the decay heat of pool reactor 100 in external environment condition, realizes the row of heat
Go out, and compared with shell-type reactor, when occurring accident, the water in pond 10 exports the remaining of reactor core 23 during being accident
Heat provides huge middle hot trap, is an important mitigation strategy of reactor accident, so as to further improve pool reaction
The security of heap 100.
Further, reactor vessel 20, which has, can pass in and out the vessel inlet 21 and container outlet 22 of cooling water, first
Heat exchanger 30 is located in the confined space of the formation of containment 11 and outside the pond 10, and the primary side of First Heat Exchanger 30 has can be with
Pass in and out the first import 31 and the first outlet 32 of cooling agent, the first import 31 of the primary side of First Heat Exchanger 30 and container outlet 22
Connection, first outlet 32 connects the operating pressure of cooling agent in the first loop for forming closing, the first loop with vessel inlet 21
Do not influenceed, can voluntarily be adjusted by depth of water in pond 10, it is preferable that be adjusted to the pressure in the first loop to compare pond
Pressure is slightly higher in 10, so as to form minute-pressure in the first loop, thus, not only pool can be improved under accidental conditions anti-
The heating parameter of heap 100 is answered, and when occurring accident, it is ensured that reactor core 23 is unlikely to cause because cooling agent is largely lost in
It is exposed so that pool reactor 100 has the condition of reduction level of security, advantageously reduces equipment manufacturing cost.
Second heat exchanger 40 is located at the outside of containment 11 (position as shown in Figure 1), and the primary side of the second heat exchanger 40 has
The first import 45 and the first outlet 46 of cooling agent can be passed in and out, the secondary side of First Heat Exchanger 30, which has, can pass in and out cooling agent
Second import 36 and second outlet 35, the first import 45 and the secondary side of First Heat Exchanger 30 of the primary side of the second heat exchanger 40
Second outlet 35 is connected, and first outlet 46 connects the second servo loop for forming closing, the second heat exchanger 40 2 times with the second import 36
Side and heating network 42 are connected to form tertiary circuit, the heat that reactor is produced by the first circuit transmission to First Heat Exchanger 30,
The second heat exchanger 40 is passed to by second servo loop again, tertiary circuit is eventually passed and passes to the progress heat supply of heating network 42, formed
Multistage loop heat transfer system, will be isolated using second servo loop with the first loop that reactor is directly connected with heating network 50, be protected
Demonstrate,prove under any accident operating mode, radioactivity will not have been carried out to the heating net belt in city, further improved the safety of pool reactor 100
Property.
Certainly, the second heat exchanger 40 can also be located at the inside of containment 11, and those skilled in the art can be according to reality
Design requirement makes adaptive change, to ensure the security and heating efficiency of pool reactor 100.
Thus, according to the pool reactor 100 of the present invention, by the way that reactor vessel 20 is arranged in pond 10, in water
Pond 10 set outside the First Heat Exchanger 30 connected with reactor vessel 20, the second heat exchanger 40 connected with First Heat Exchanger 30 with
And the heating network 42 connected with the second heat exchanger 40 so that the of closing is formed between reactor vessel 20 and First Heat Exchanger 30
The second servo loop, the second heat exchanger 40 and heating network of closing are formed between primary Ioops, the heat exchanger 40 of First Heat Exchanger 30 and second
Tertiary circuit is formed between 42 so that reactor produce heat by multistage circuit transmission to heating network, can effectively disappear
Radioactive contamination eliminating, improves the security of pool reactor 100, meanwhile, the first loop of closing under accidental conditions with
Pond 10 is isolated, and the operating pressure of working medium is not influenceed by depth of water in the first loop, can voluntarily be adjusted, so as to
To form minute-pressure by adjusting the pressure of working medium in the first loop, and then the heating parameter of pool reactor 100 is improved, with biography
The coal heating mode of system heat supply is compared, and the pool reactor fuel of heat supply expense is few, and heat cost is low, peak regulation adaptability
By force, zero-emission can be achieved, and heating efficiency is significantly larger than coal-burning boiler.
In certain specific embodiments of the invention, pool reactor 100 also includes passive residual heat heat exchanger 41, non-
Active afterheat heat exchanger 41 is located in pond 10 and below the liquid level in pond 10, passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 and first
Loop be connected with when accident occurs for reactor by the waste heat heat exchange in the first loop to pond 10.
Reference picture 1, passive preheating heat exchanger 41 is located in pond 10, and the liquid level being completely submerged in pond 10
Under, passive preheating heat exchanger 41 has the import 412 that can pass in and out cooling agent and outlet 411, import 412 and reactor vessel
20 container outlet 22 is connected, and outlet 411 is connected with the vessel inlet 21 of reactor vessel 20.
When nuclear reactor is in normal operation, passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 is closed, reactor vessel 20
Vessel inlet 21 and the only phase of 32 and first import of first outlet 31 with the primary side of First Heat Exchanger 30 respectively of container outlet 22
Connection, the cooling agent of reactor vessel 20 carries out heat exchange to produce nuclear reactor 23 in First Heat Exchanger 30
Heat is set out.
And when accident occurs for nuclear reactor, passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 is in open mode, non-energy afterheat heat exchanger
41 import 412 is connected with the container outlet 22 of reactor vessel 20, outlet 411 with the vessel inlet 21 of reactor vessel 20
It is logical, and be isolated between reactor vessel 20 and First Heat Exchanger 30, so that the cooling agent of reactor vessel 20 is in non-energy
Progress heat exchange in afterheat heat exchanger 41, the water transferred heat in the opposite side pond 10 of passive residual heat heat exchanger 41,
The discharge of heat is realized, so as to effectively improve the security of pool reactor 100.
Preferably, pool reactor 100 also includes the first isolating valve 50, and the first isolating valve 50 is located at passive residual heat heat exchange
On pipeline between the loop of device 41 and first, the first isolating valve 50 is closed in normal reactor operation and occurs thing in reactor
Therefore when open.
Specifically, as shown in figure 1, the first isolating valve 50 is located at import 412 and the reactor of passive residual heat heat exchanger 41
On pipeline between the outlet 22 of container 20, so as to when occurring accident, will can be flowed out from the outlet 22 of reactor vessel 20
High temperature coolant quickly introduce heat exchange carried out in passive preheating heat exchanger 41, the heat of reactor core 23 is fast
Speed is set out.
When nuclear reactor is in normal operation, the first isolating valve 50 of passive residual heat heat exchanger 41, which is in, closes shape
State, the vessel inlet 21 and container outlet 22 of reactor vessel 20 distinguish first outlet 32 only with the primary side of First Heat Exchanger 30
It is connected with the first import 31, the cooling agent of reactor vessel 20 carries out heat exchange with by nuclear reaction in First Heat Exchanger 30
The heat that heap reactor core 23 is produced is set out.
And when accident occurs for nuclear reactor, the first isolating valve 50 of passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 is in open mode,
The import 412 of non-energy afterheat heat exchanger 41 and the container outlet 22 of reactor vessel 20, outlet 411 and the appearance of reactor vessel 20
Device import 21 is connected, and is isolated between reactor vessel 20 and First Heat Exchanger 30, so that reactor vessel 20
Cooling agent can carry out heat exchange non-in afterheat heat exchanger 41, transfer heat to the opposite side water of passive residual heat heat exchanger 41
Water in pond 10, realizes the discharge of heat, so as to effectively improve the security of pool reactor 100.
Thus, pool reactor 100 according to embodiments of the present invention, by the way that reactor vessel 20 is arranged on into pond 10
It is interior, and in the outer setting First Heat Exchanger 30 in pond 10, passive residual heat heat exchanger 41, First Heat Exchanger are set in pond 10
30 and passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 be connected respectively with reactor core 23 and passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 and reactor
First isolating valve 50 is set, and when system is normally run, the first isolating valve 50 is closed, reactor coolant is in the first heat exchange between core
Normally exchanged heat in device 30, when accident occurs for nuclear reactor, the first isolating valve 50 is opened, connection passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 with
Reactor vessel 20, the heat that reactor core 23 is produced is set out by cooling agent and transmitted in passive residual heat heat exchanger 41
Water in water feeder 10, so as on the basis of the security of pool reactor 10 is ensured, simplify the structure of pool reactor 10, enter
And reduce cost.
In certain specific embodiments of the invention, pool reactor 100 also includes the safety benefit being located in pond 10
Water pipe 90 and the safe water compensating valve 91 being located on safe filling pipe 90, safe filling pipe 90 are connected with reactor vessel 20 at one end
And the other end is connected with pond 10, safe water compensating valve 91 is less than water in the pressure that reactor occurs in accident and reactor vessel 20
Opened during pressure in pond 10 so that the water in pond 10 is injected into reactor vessel 20.
Reference picture 1, safe filling pipe 90 be located in pond 10 and safe filling pipe 90 one end and reactor vessel 20
Bottom is connected, and the other end of safe filling pipe 90 is connected with pond 10, and safe filling pipe 90 is provided with safe water compensating valve 91,
Safe water compensating valve 91 can control the break-make of safe filling pipe 90, and then control logical between pond 10 and reactor vessel 20
Disconnected, when normal reactor operation, safe water compensating valve 91 is closed, and is separated by between pond 10 and reactor vessel 20
From, when the pressure that reactor occurs in accident, and reactor vessel 20 is less than the pressure in pond 10, safe water compensating valve 91
Open, so as to connect pond 10 and reactor vessel 20, under pressure, water in pond 10 by safe filling pipe 90 oneself
Dynamic piii reactor container 20, so as to not only avoid the reactor core 23 in reactor vessel 20 from being unlikely to cause because cooling agent is lost in
It is exposed, so as to strengthen security, and the pressure in reactor vessel 20 can be ensured, and then ensure the heat supply ginseng of reactor
Number.
Wherein, pool reactor 100 also includes primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33, primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33 be located in containment 11 and
Outside pond 10, primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33 is connected to adjust the pressure in the first loop with the first loop.
Reference picture 1, primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33 is located at the first import 31 of container outlet 22 and the primary side of First Heat Exchanger 30
Between pipeline on, the pressure in the first loop can be adjusted by primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33, in the normal work of pool reactor 100
When, by adjusting primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33 so that pressure is slightly higher in pressure ratio pond 10 in the one the first loops, so that
Minute-pressure is formed in primary Ioops, and then on the basis of the security performance of reactor is ensured, improves the heat supply ginseng of pool reactor 100
Number.
In some specific examples of the present invention, pool reactor 100 also includes built-in heat exchanger 60 and external heat exchanger
61, built-in heat exchanger 60 is located in pond 10 and below the liquid level in pond 10, and external heat exchanger 61 is located at containment 11
Outside, for exporting the heat in pond 10.
Specifically, built-in heat exchanger 60 is located in pond 10 and is immersed in below the liquid level in pond 10, external heat exchanger 61
It is located at outside containment 11, and built-in heat exchanger 60 is connected with external heat exchanger 61, so as to be formed as pond heat extraction cyclic system
System, when the water in pond 10 is heated by passive residual heat heat exchanger 41, temperature rises, after the setting valve that reaches a high temperature, pond
The heat extraction circulatory system will start, in the circulatory system after fluid heating under buoyancy lift driving, form flowing, and hot fluid rises to outer
In portion's heat exchanger 61, under air cooling, density rises, and the pond inner exchanger flowed down in back pool 10 is acted in density contrast
60, so go round and begin again to form circulation, decay heat is endlessly exported in environment.
Preferably, external heat exchanger 61 is external air cooler, so as to by air seat ultimate heat sink, realize pond in pond 10
The heat exchange of water and air, without time limit heap water cooled down.
Preferably, primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33 pressure or water level in the non-cut accident of reactor generation and voltage-stablizer 33 is higher than
Signal is sent during predetermined value, the first isolating valve 50 of control is automatically opened up.
Specifically, pool reactor 100 is when non-cut accident occurs for reactor, the accident starting stage, what fission was produced
Heat can not effectively be discharged from the first loop, cause the coolant pressure and temperature in the first loop to rise, and trigger shutdown signal.
After shutdown, the pump housing of pool reactor 100 is stalled in succession, the cooling agent in the loop of decay heat continuous heating first.
When there is the high water level of voltage-stablizer 33 or pressure high RST, that isolates during normal operation with the first loop is passive remaining
Hot discharge system will automatically turn on the first isolating valve 50, and cooling agent flows into passive remaining from the container outlet 22 of reactor vessel 20
Heat exchanger 41, and exchanged heat in passive residual heat heat exchanger 41 with water, the outlet then through passive residual heat heat exchanger 41
411 flow back to reactor vessel 20, take away decay heat, form cooling circulation.
When the water in pond 10 is heated by passive residual heat heat exchanger 41, temperature rises, after the setting valve that reaches a high temperature, water
The heat extraction circulatory system in pond will start, and form flowing under buoyancy lift driving after fluid heating in the circulatory system, hot fluid rises to
In external heat exchanger 61, under air cooling, density rises, and heat exchanger in the pond flowed down in back pool 10 is acted in density contrast
60, so go round and begin again to form circulation, decay heat is endlessly exported in environment.
In certain specific embodiments of the invention, reactor vessel 20 is located at the bottom in pond 10, vessel inlet
21 be located at reactor vessel 20 bottom and container outlet 22 be located at reactor vessel 20 top.
The reactor vessel 20 of reference picture 1, reactor core 23 and installation nuclear reactor 23 is each provided at the bottom in pond 10, cold
But agent enters reactor vessel 20 from the vessel inlet 21 positioned at the bottom of reactor vessel 20, from positioned at the top of reactor vessel 20
Container outlet 22 flow out so that, ensure structural stability on the basis of, equipment is simplified, and reduces cooling agent
Resistance.
According to certain specific embodiments of the invention, pool reactor 100 also includes secondary circuit voltage-stablizer 43, secondary circuit
Voltage-stablizer 43 is connected to adjust the pressure in second servo loop with second servo loop.
Reference picture 1, secondary circuit voltage-stablizer 43 is located at the first import 45 of the second heat exchanger 40 and First Heat Exchanger 30 2 times
On pipeline between the second outlet 35 of side, the pressure of the cooling agent of second servo loop can be adjusted by secondary circuit voltage-stablizer 43,
So that the coolant pressure in second servo loop is slightly above the pressure of cooling working medium in the first loop, under accident conditions, the
The cooling agent of primary Ioops will not be leaked to second servo loop, in order to avoid causing radioactive pollution to the cooling agent of second servo loop, be entered
Improve to one step the security performance of pool reactor 100.
Alternatively, primary Ioops voltage-stablizer 33 and secondary circuit voltage-stablizer 43 can be heated and sprayed by electric heater (not shown)
The spray of device (not shown) is drenched to adjust voltage-stablizer internal pressure.
Wherein, the pressure in second servo loop is more than the pressure in the first loop.
Specifically, the first loop is isolated by second servo loop with heating network 42, that is to say, that the first loop and municipal heating systems
Be isolated, and the pressure of working medium is slightly above the first loop in second servo loop so that, under accident conditions, the first loop it is cold
But water will not be leaked to second servo loop, in order to avoid radioactive pollution is caused to the cooling working medium of second servo loop；Meanwhile, second time
Road also functions to additional hot trap effect, under some accident conditionses, can partly export the waste heat of reactor core 23.
Preferably, the pressure of cooling agent can be the First Heat Exchanger 40 2 in 0.8MPa, second servo loop in second servo loop
Coolant temperature at second import 44 of secondary side is that the coolant temperature at 70 DEG C, second outlet 43 is 115 DEG C.
Alternatively, the pressure in the first loop is the minute-pressure of 1.5-20 standard atmospheric pressure.Advantageously, in the first loop
Pressure is the minute-pressure of 5-12 standard atmospheric pressure.Preferably, the pressure in the first loop is 6-9 standard atmospheric pressure.
The determination of the operational factor of pool reactor 100 is the technology according to design and user terminal (i.e. heating network 42)
It is required that what balance solidification was obtained.Too low operating pressure (being, for example, less than 1.5 standard atmospheric pressures) can cause going out for reactor 100
Mouth temperature is too low (can only achieve 100 DEG C or so), and the temperature is difficult demand (the large-scale heat supply network return water temperature for adapting to municipal heating systems
It is required that 110 DEG C).Too high pressure (such as more than 20 standard atmospheric pressures) is although going out for reactor core 23 can be greatly improved
Mouth temperature (such as presurized water reactor can reach 150 standard atmospheric pressures or so, and outlet temperature can reach more than 310 DEG C), but it is high
The problems such as pressure can bring cost to be significantly increased, the security of system complex and reactor 100 is greatly reduced.Set according to optimization
Meter, the optimum pressure section of the pool reactor 100 is between 5-12 standard atmospheric pressure, the operating pressure scope is ensureing to react
On the premise of heap 100 is inherently safe, it is possible to achieve the need of large-scale heat supply network (more than 120 DEG C of heat supply temperature) and part industrial heating
Ask.If the design of pool reactor 100 is using 6 atmospheric pressure (in the range of 6-9 standard atmospheric pressure), the system outlet temperature
Degree fully meets large-scale heat supply network technical requirements up to 120 DEG C, is one special while having taken into account economy and security well
Door is used for the prioritization scheme of resident's heat supply.
Wherein it should be noted that minute-pressure is the pressure of the pressure of coolant or container outlet in the first loop,
Because reactor core to that can produce a certain amount of pressure loss, the pressure of container outlet between container outlet is slightly less than the pressure at reactor core.
The design parameter of cooling water pressure in first loop can be according to cooling working medium pressure, pond 30 in second servo loop
The actual design demands such as interior water pressure make accommodation, so that it is anti-not only pool can be improved under accidental conditions
The heating parameter of heap 100 is answered, and when occurring accident, it is ensured that reactor core 23 is unlikely to cause because cooling water is largely lost in
It is exposed so that pool reactor 100 has the condition of reduction level of security, advantageously reduces equipment manufacturing cost.
Sum it up, pool reactor 100 according to embodiments of the present invention is main by three circulation loops and security system
Composition, the first loop is coolant circuit, and using cooling agent as carrier, reactor core disintegration energy is effectively exported；Second servo loop
For radioactivity isolated loop, while playing a part of additional hot trap；Tertiary circuit is heat supplying loop, with thermal source user's pipe network phase
Even.Reactor core implosion is become the Energy Efficient produced and exported by three circulation loops, is used for district heating system.
First loop is mainly made up of reaction reator body and reactor coolant loop.Reactor body construction is by reactor
Container, reactor core, in-pile component and CRDM etc. are constituted.Reactor core is located in reactor vessel, reactor vessel submergence
In a deep well, compared with the pool reactor that directly reactor core is immersed in pond, the pressure in reactor vessel is more
Height, makes its heating parameter increase.Moreover, compared with shell-type reactor, during the water in the system in well can be accident
Export residual heat of nuclear core and huge middle hot trap is provided, be an important mitigation strategy of reactor accident.Reactor core upper and lower part
It is respectively equipped with chamber.CRDM is located above reactor core.
Reactor coolant loop is made up of several loops, and each loop is by the primary side of one-level plate type heat exchanger, master
The composition such as pump and related pipeline, valve.Reactor inlet pipeline is connected to the bottom of core pressure vessel, that is to say, that under
Chamber is connected with several cold pipes.Compared with existing presurized water reactor technology, the reactor vessel of the system is submerged in pond,
Pressure vessel can not set descending branch, and equipment is simplified, and reduce the resistance of cooling agent.Reactor export pipeline is connected to heap
The top of core pressure vessel, that is to say, that reactor upper chamber is connected with several heat pipes.
Pool reactor 100 is provided with second servo loop, and coolant circuit is connected with municipal heating systems.Second servo loop is by several
Loop is constituted, and each loop is by the secondary side of first-class heat exchanger, the primary side of secondary heat exchanger, circulating pump, voltage-stablizer and phase
Pipeline, the valve composition answered.Reactor coolant loop is isolated by second servo loop with city heat supply pipeline, it is ensured that any
Under accident conditions, radioactivity will not be carried out to the heating net belt in city.And the pressure of working medium is slightly above the first loop in second servo loop,
Under accident conditions, the cooling agent in the first loop will not be leaked to second servo loop, in case the working medium to second servo loop is caused
Radioactive pollution；Second servo loop plays additional hot trap effect simultaneously, under some accident conditionses, can partly export more than reactor core
Heat.
Pool reactor 100 is additionally provided with tertiary circuit, is connected with the heating network in city.If tertiary circuit by one or
Dry loop composition, each loop is by the secondary side of secondary heat exchanger, constant pressure pump, circulating pump and corresponding pipeline, valve group
Into.
In addition, being additionally provided with voltage-stablizer on reactor coolant loop and second servo loop, heated and sprayed by electric heater
The spray of device adjusts voltage-stablizer internal pressure.Voltage-stablizer is connected with release case, and connecting pipe is provided with pressure-relief valve and safety
Valve.When voltage-stablizer pressure height arrives setting valve, pressure-relief valve is opened, and voltage-stablizer is connected with release case so that the pressure in voltage-stablizer
Power is reduced；When voltage-stablizer pressure height arrives a higher setting valve, safety valve is opened, and voltage-stablizer is connected with water so that steady
Pressure reduction in depressor.
The security system of the pool reactor 100 mainly includes Heat Discharging System of Chinese and pond heat extraction cyclic system
System, Heat Discharging System of Chinese by passive residual heat heat exchanger, pond, the first isolating valve, connecting pipe, safe filling pipe and
Safe water compensating valve composition.During generation cut accident, when reacting reactor water level to less than pond water surface certain altitude, safe water compensating valve
Automatically open up, water floods reactor core into reactor；When occurring non-cut accident, the first isolating valve is opened, and has connected non-energy
Water or steam above dynamic afterheat heat exchanger and reactor core, reactor core will be changed into passive residual heat heat exchanger with water
Heat cooling.
The pond heat extraction circulatory system air cooler, pond inside heat exchanger and associated conduit, valve outside shielding factory building are constituted,
Shield the outer air cooler of factory building to be located at outside shielding factory building, connecting pipe is through containment and keeps containment leak tightness, using air as
Ultimate heat sink, realizes the heat exchange of water and air, water is cooled down without time limit.When pond water temperature rise reach a high temperature it is whole
After definite value, the heat extraction circulatory system in pond will start, in the circulatory system after fluid heating under buoyancy lift driving, form flowing, heat
Fluid is risen in outdoor air cooling device, and under air cooling, density rises, and the heat exchange flowed down in back pool is acted in density contrast
Pipe, so goes round and begins again to form circulation, decay heat is endlessly exported in environment.
The temperature of cooling agent in micro- pressurization well-type reactor of pool heat reactor 100 according to embodiments of the present invention,
Pressure is relatively low, when the heap major loop that reacts is damaged, will not cause Core uncovering because cooling agent is largely lost in and evaporated.It is low
The characteristic of warm minute-pressure makes the condition that it possesses reduction equipment safety rank, advantageously reduces equipment manufacturing cost.
Reactor vessel does not set descending branch, and equipment is simplified, and reduces the resistance of cooling agent.Using plate-type heat-exchange
Device, compact conformation, and maintenance cost is relatively low.Compared with traditional PWR nuclear power plant, reactor core is used without boron scheme, is simplified existing
There is the change applied in power plant to hold system, simplify operation technological process.Using the pond heat extraction circulatory system, under density contrast effect
Circulation is formed, decay heat is endlessly exported in environment, safety guarantee does not have time restriction.Reactor coolant loop
Low-pressure low-temperature operation characteristic, the passive feature of security system, the huge heat release capacity in deep water pond and air cooling follow
Air is excluded decay heat, above overall characteristic in pond by ring so that the design is able to ensure that reaction
Heap is inherently safe, actual elimination reaction heap reactor core failure risk.
Other of pool reactor 100 according to embodiments of the present invention are constituted and operated for ordinary skill people
All it is known for member, is not detailed herein.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " on ", " under ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " perpendicular
Directly ", the orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as " level ", " top ", " bottom " " interior ", " outer " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position
Relation, is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element of meaning must have
There is specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance
Or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, define " first ", the feature of " second " can express or
Implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the invention, " multiple " are meant that two or more,
Unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；It can be machine
Tool is connected or electrically connected；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, can be two members
Connection inside part.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood in this hair as the case may be
Concrete meaning in bright.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or the spy that the embodiment or example are described
Point is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not
Necessarily refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be any
One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.
Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is impossible to limitation of the present invention is interpreted as, one of ordinary skill in the art is not departing from the principle and objective of the present invention
In the case of above-described embodiment can be changed within the scope of the invention, change, replace and modification.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of pool reactor, it is characterised in that including：
Containment；
Pond, the pond is located in the containment；
Reactor vessel, the reactor vessel is located in the pond and below the liquid level in the pond, described anti-
Answer heap container that there is vessel inlet and container outlet；
Reactor core, the reactor core is located in the reactor vessel；
First Heat Exchanger, the First Heat Exchanger is located in the containment and outside the pond, the First Heat Exchanger
Enclosed first loop is connected together to the vessel inlet and container outlet of the reactor vessel；
Second heat exchanger, second heat exchanger be located in the containment or the containment outside, second heat exchanger with
The First Heat Exchanger is connected together to the second servo loop of closing；
Heating network, the heating network is connected to form tertiary circuit with second heat exchanger.
2. pool reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：
Passive residual heat heat exchanger, the passive residual heat heat exchanger is located at the liquid level in the pond and in the pond
Hereinafter, the passive residual heat heat exchanger be connected with first loop with when accident occurs for the reactor by described first
Waste heat heat exchange in loop is in the pond.
3. pool reactor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also include：
First isolating valve, first isolating valve is located at the pipeline between the passive residual heat heat exchanger and first loop
On, first isolating valve is closed and opened when accident occurs for the reactor in the normal reactor operation.
4. pool reactor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also include：It is located at the safety benefit in the pond
Water pipe and the safe water compensating valve being located on the safe filling pipe, the safe filling pipe connect with the reactor vessel at one end
The logical and other end is connected with the pond, and the safe water compensating valve occurs in accident and the reactor vessel in the reactor
Pressure less than pressure in the pond when open so that the water in the pond is injected into the reactor vessel.
5. pool reactor according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also include：Primary Ioops voltage-stablizer, the primary Ioops
Voltage-stablizer is located in the containment and outside the pond, and the primary Ioops voltage-stablizer is connected to adjust with first loop
Save the pressure in first loop.
6. pool reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：
Built-in heat exchanger, the built-in heat exchanger is located in the pond and below the liquid level in the pond；
External heat exchanger, the external heat exchanger is located at outside the containment, for exporting the heat in the pond.
7. pool reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reactor vessel is located in the pond
Bottom, the vessel inlet is located at the bottom of the reactor vessel and the container outlet is located at the upper of the reactor vessel
Portion.
8. pool reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：Secondary circuit voltage-stablizer, the secondary circuit
Voltage-stablizer is connected to adjust the pressure in the second servo loop with the second servo loop.
9. pool reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pressure in the second servo loop is more than described the
Pressure in primary Ioops.
10. the pool reactor according to any one of claim 1-9, it is characterised in that the pressure in first loop
Power is the minute-pressure of 1.5-20 standard atmospheric pressure.
11. pool reactor according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the pressure in first loop is 5-12
Standard atmospheric pressure.
12. pool reactor according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the pressure in first loop is 6-9
Standard atmospheric pressure.
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| CN2016102250566 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN201610225056 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN201620302992 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN2016203028183 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN2016203029928 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN201610225419 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN201620302818 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN2016102254196 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN2016205897304 | 2016-06-16 | ||
| CN201620589730 | 2016-06-16 |
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| CN107293341A true CN107293341A (en) | 2017-10-24 |
| CN107293341B CN107293341B (en) | 2023-11-03 |
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| CN201621089894.7U Active CN206210405U (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-09-28 | Nuclear reactor safety system |
| CN201610862926.0A Active CN107293338B (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-09-28 | Nuclear reactor safety system |
| CN201610862925.6A Active CN107293341B (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-09-28 | Pool type reactor |
| CN201621091308.2U Active CN206210418U (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-09-28 | Pool reactor |
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| CN201610862926.0A Active CN107293338B (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-09-28 | Nuclear reactor safety system |
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| CN108877962A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of pool integrated low-temperature reactor heating system |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN206210418U (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN107293341B (en) | 2023-11-03 |
| CN107293338A (en) | 2017-10-24 |
| CN206210405U (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN206210415U (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN107293338B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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