CN111383782A - Passive safety system and pressurized water reactor with same - Google Patents
Passive safety system and pressurized water reactor with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111383782A CN111383782A CN201811621811.8A CN201811621811A CN111383782A CN 111383782 A CN111383782 A CN 111383782A CN 201811621811 A CN201811621811 A CN 201811621811A CN 111383782 A CN111383782 A CN 111383782A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011551 heat transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 freon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a passive safety system and a pressurized water reactor with the same, wherein the passive safety system comprises a passive filling and discharging system, and the passive filling and discharging system comprises: a pool; the reactor comprises a pressure vessel and a reactor core, wherein the pressure vessel is immersed below the liquid level of a pool, a primary circuit is provided with an automatic pressure relief device and a passive safety injection device, the passive safety injection device is immersed below the liquid level of the pool, the automatic pressure relief device is arranged to discharge high-pressure water/steam of the primary circuit into the pool when the automatic pressure relief device is opened, and the passive safety injection device is arranged to inject water of the pool into the primary circuit when the passive safety injection device is opened. According to the passive safety system, the passive charging and discharging system is arranged, so that high-pressure water/steam in the pressure container can be discharged into the water pool, the high pressure in the pressure container is unloaded, the water in the water pool is injected into the pressure container in a passive mode, heat is led out of the water pool from the reactor core, and the continuous cooling of the reactor core and the pressure container is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactor safety, and particularly relates to a passive safety system and a pressurized water reactor with the same.
Background
Different from a conventional heat source, a nuclear reactor still generates a large amount of decay heat for a long time even after complete shutdown and chain type nuclear reaction stopping, and once heat cannot be timely led out of a containment vessel of the reactor, core fuel melting can occur, so that a large amount of radioactive fission products are released, and nuclear pollution is caused.
In the conventional active nuclear power plant, because core cooling, decay heat removal and containment cooling all depend on an alternating current power supply, when the power of the whole nuclear power plant is cut off, the core cannot be effectively cooled, decay heat is removed and the containment is cooled, in other words, the core heat cannot be effectively led out of the containment, so that serious safety accidents may be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a passive safety system which can realize the passive conduction of heat in a safety inner shell and improve the safety.
The passive safety system comprises a passive charging and discharging system, wherein the passive charging and discharging system comprises: a pool; the reactor core is arranged in the pressure vessel, the pressure vessel is installed in the water pool, the pressure vessel is immersed below the liquid level of the water pool, and a vessel inlet and a vessel outlet of the pressure vessel are connected to a primary circuit; wherein, a return circuit is equipped with automatic pressure relief device and passive safety injection device, passive safety injection device all submerge in below the liquid level of pond, automatic pressure relief device sets up to will when opening the high pressure water/vapour of a return circuit is discharged the pond, passive safety injection device sets up to will when opening the water in pond is injected into a return circuit.
According to the passive safety system, the position of the automatic pressure relief device is higher than that of the passive safety injection device, and when the passive safety injection device is started, the passive safety injection device is used for supplementing water to the primary circuit through static pressure of the pool.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the passive safety system comprises: the automatic pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the heat pipe or the cold pipe, and the passive safety injection device is arranged at the bottom of the cold pipe.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the passive safety system comprises: the automatic pressure relief device comprises a cold pipe connected with the inlet of the container, a hot pipe connected with the outlet of the container and a pressure stabilizer connected with the hot pipe, wherein the automatic pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the pressure stabilizer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the automatic pressure relief device comprises a pressure control valve, and the pressure control valve is opened when the operating pressure of the primary circuit is higher than a set value, and the passive safety injection device comprises a differential pressure control valve.
A passive safety system according to one embodiment of the invention further comprises: the passive residual heat removal system is connected with the primary circuit in parallel, and the passive residual heat removal system is set to exchange heat between the primary circuit and pool water of the pool when being started.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the passive waste heat removal system comprises: the first heat exchanger is immersed below the liquid level of the water pool and is connected with the primary loop in parallel.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the passive safety system comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a cold pipe connected with the inlet of the container and a heat pipe connected with the outlet of the container, wherein the first heat exchanger is connected with the heat pipe through a first branch pipe, the first heat exchanger is connected with the cold pipe through a second branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is provided with a first control valve.
According to one embodiment of the passive safety system, the heat pipe is provided with a loop control valve, and the connection of the first branch pipe and the heat pipe is positioned between the loop control valve and the outlet of the container.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the passive waste heat removal system comprises a plurality of the first heat exchangers.
A passive safety system according to one embodiment of the invention further comprises: the passive pool water cooling system is used for exchanging heat between the pool and the outside.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the passive pool water cooling system comprises: the built-in heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are connected to form a heat exchange loop, the built-in heat exchanger is immersed below the liquid level of the pool, and the external heat exchanger is installed outside the containment.
According to the passive safety system of one embodiment of the invention, the external heat exchanger is an air cooler.
The invention also proposes a pressurized-water reactor comprising a passive safety system according to any of the embodiments of the invention.
The advantages of the pressurized water reactor and the passive safety system described above with respect to the prior art are the same and are not described in detail here.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a passive safety system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a passive safety system 100;
a water pool 1; a pressure vessel 2; a heat pipe 31; a cold pipe 32; an automatic pressure relief device 41; a passive safety injection device 42; a voltage stabilizer 5; a first heat exchanger 61; a first branch pipe 62; a second branch pipe 63; the first control valve 64; a circuit control valve 65; the built-in heat exchanger 71; an external heat exchanger 72; a containment vessel 8.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The passive safety system according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1, the passive containment vessel 8 heat exporting system according to the embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for a pressurized water reactor, the single reactor power of the pressurized water reactor is large, and the passive containment vessel 8 heat exporting system according to the embodiment of the invention can still passively export the heat in the containment vessel 8 without time limitation after a shutdown for 72 hours, without active water supplement, thereby improving the safety.
As shown in fig. 1, a passive safety system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a passive charging and discharging system, the passive charging and discharging system including: a pool 1, a pressure vessel 2 and a core.
The reactor core is arranged in the pressure vessel 2, the pressure vessel 2 is arranged in the water pool 1, the pressure vessel 2 is immersed below the liquid level of the water pool 1, the vessel inlet and the vessel outlet of the pressure vessel 2 are connected to a primary circuit, the nuclear fuel reacts in the reactor core and generates heat, the heat is led out for power generation or heat supply and the like through water or other heat-carrying media circulating in the primary circuit, wherein the primary circuit is provided with an automatic pressure relief device 41 and a passive safety injection device 42, the passive safety injection device 42 is immersed below the liquid level of the water pool 1, the automatic pressure relief device 41 is arranged to discharge high-pressure water/steam in the pressure vessel 2 into the water pool 1 through the primary circuit when the automatic pressure relief device is started, and the passive safety injection device 42 is arranged to inject the water in the water pool 1 into the pressure vessel.
In some examples, the heat carrier in the primary circuit and in the pressure vessel 2 may be water, but it may also be an organic heat carrier, which is to be understood in a broad sense, for example, a pure organic heat carrier, such as ethylene glycol, freon, or a mixture of water and an organic heat carrier, as long as the mixture has a low freezing point so that the mixture does not condense in cold climates.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the pressure vessel 2 may be, for example, a steel shell, and the pressure vessel 2 includes a cylinder and an upper head provided at an upper end of the cylinder, although the present invention is not limited thereto. The pressurized water reactor core and other components are disposed in a core cavity in the pressure vessel 2.
When an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, for example, under the condition that a breach accident is superimposed with a power outage of the whole plant, by opening the automatic pressure relief device 41 and the passive safety injection device 42, the automatic pressure relief device 41 discharges high-pressure water/steam in the pressure container 2 into the water tank 1, so as to unload the pressure in the pressure container 2, the passive safety injection device 42 injects water in the water tank 1 into the pressure container 2, so that the automatic pressure relief device 41 discharges high-temperature high-pressure water/steam in the pressure container 2 into the water tank 1, and the passive safety injection device 42 guides water in the water tank 1 into the pressure container 2, so that water can continuously circulate between the water tank 1 and the pressure container 2 through the automatic pressure relief device 41 and the passive safety injection device 42, so that the water in the water tank 1 passively guides heat out of the pressure container 2, the water tank 1 is used as a heat sink, and the volume of the water tank 1 is large, the stored water is more, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the pressure container 2 can be enhanced, the available water for heat exchange of the passive charging and discharging system is more, the requirement of the reactor on heat conduction can be met when an accident occurs, particularly after 72 hours of the accident, such as 20-30 days, and the safety is improved.
Furthermore, when the automatic pressure relief device 41 and the passive safety injection device 42 are closed, the water in the circuit is not directly associated with the water in the tank 1, without causing additional heat losses and without causing a reduction in the thermal efficiency of the unit.
According to the passive safety system, the passive charging and discharging system is arranged, so that high-pressure water/steam in the pressure container 2 can be discharged into the water pool 1, the high pressure in the pressure container 2 is unloaded, the water in the water pool 1 is injected into the pressure container 2 in a passive mode, heat is led out from the reactor core to the water pool 1, and the continuous cooling of the reactor core and the pressure container 2 is achieved.
Some embodiments of passive safety systems according to the present invention are described below with reference to fig. 1.
In some embodiments, automatic pressure relief device 41 is disposed at a higher location than passive safety device 42, when the passive safety injection device 42 is started, the passive safety injection device 42 is used for supplementing water to a primary circuit through the static pressure of the pool 1, since the water density of the high-temperature and high-pressure water in the pressure vessel 2 is small, it is possible to facilitate the discharge from the automatic pressure relief device 41 located above, and in addition, because the pressure of the water below the pool 1 is large, and the water in the loop is discharged through the automatic pressure relief device 41, and then realize the water passive injection primary circuit in pond 1, from this, through the static pressure difference of pond water and primary circuit, realize the water passive injection primary circuit in pond 1, make pond water can derive pressure vessel 2 and core department heat for a long time, in addition, the temperature of the water in pond 1 lower part is lower to the cooling effect that makes the water of injecting into the primary circuit can be better.
In some embodiments, a loop comprises: the cold pipe 32 connected with the inlet of the container and the hot pipe 31 connected with the outlet of the container, the automatic pressure relief device 41 and the passive safety injection device 42 are immersed below the liquid level of the water pool 1, the automatic pressure relief device 41 is installed at the top of the hot pipe 31 or the cold pipe 32, the pressure of the water pool at the top of the cold pipe 32 or the hot pipe 31 is small, the pressure difference between a loop and the water pool is large, so that the water can be conveniently led out to the water pool 1 from the loop, and when the automatic pressure relief device 41 is installed at the top of the hot pipe 31, the automatic pressure relief device 41 can conveniently lead the water with higher temperature at the hot pipe 31 out to the water pool 1 from the; the passive safety injection device 42 is installed at the bottom of the cold pipe 32, the pressure of pool water at the bottom of the cold pipe 32 is large, the pressure difference between the pool water and a primary loop is large, and the water in the pool 1 can be injected into the primary loop passively through the static pressure difference between the pool water and the primary loop, so that the pool water can be led out of the heat at the pressure container 2 and the core for a long time. In some embodiments, a loop comprises: cold pipe 32 that links to each other with the container import, heat pipe 31 that links to each other with the container export, stabiliser 5 that links to each other with heat pipe 31, automatic pressure relief device 41 is installed in stabiliser 5's top, when the reactor normally works, the water of a return circuit gets into the container from cold pipe 32, water flows out from cold pipe 32 after the heating, thereby realize the circulation heating of water in a return circuit, stabiliser 5 is used for stabilizing the pressure in pressure vessel 2, for example, rise or reduce the pressure in pressure vessel 2, so that a return circuit can normally work, when pressure in a return circuit is higher than operating pressure and can not carry out the warm-pressing through stabiliser 5, the pressure of stabiliser 5 department is high, nevertheless unable through stabiliser 5 pressure reduction, water in a return circuit can carry out the pressure release through automatic pressure relief device 41 pressure relief at stabiliser 5 top, thereby realize carrying out the pressure release to a return circuit.
In some embodiments, the automatic pressure relief device 41 comprises a pressure control valve that opens when the operating pressure of the loop is above a set value, the passive safety injection device 42 comprises a differential pressure control valve that opens when the pressure differential between the loop and the tank is above a set value, one end of the pressure control valve is in communication with the loop and the other end of the pressure control valve is in communication with the tank 1, one end of the differential pressure control valve is in communication with the loop and the other end of the pressure control valve is in communication with the tank 1.
For example, the pressure set value of the pressure control valve is set to a pressure value when the pressure in the loop is higher than the operating pressure and exceeds the pressure stabilizing capacity of the pressure stabilizer 5, when the pressure in the loop is higher than the set value, the pressure control valve communicates the pressure container 2 with the pool 1 to realize the pressure relief of the loop, the pressure difference control valve of the passive safety injection device 42 can inject the water in the pool 1 into the loop through the pressure difference control valve when the pressure difference at two ends of the pressure difference control valve (namely the pressure difference between the loop and the pool 1) is higher than the set value, so as to realize the cooling of the loop by the pool water, the pressure control valve can be passively opened or closed according to the pressure in the loop, the pressure difference control valve can be passively opened or closed according to the pressure difference between the loop and the pool, so as to realize the passive opening or closing of the automatic pressure relief device and the passive safety injection device, the safety of the reactor is improved.
In some embodiments, the passive safety system further comprises: the passive residual heat removal system is connected with the primary circuit in parallel, and the passive residual heat removal system is set to exchange heat between the primary circuit and the pool water of the pool 1 when being started.
The passive residual heat removal system constitutes an independent passive heat derivation subsystem, the heat of a loop can be derived to the pool 1 through the passive residual heat removal system, when an accident happens, the pool 1 can be derived to the residual heat in the loop by adopting the passive residual heat removal system, thereby realizing the cooling of the reactor core and the pressure vessel 2, the passive residual heat removal system is connected with the loop in parallel, and when the passive residual heat removal system is closed, the passive residual heat removal system is not directly related to the loop, additional heat loss can not be caused, and the reduction of the thermal efficiency of the unit can not be caused.
The passive safety system comprises a passive charging and discharging system and a passive waste heat discharging system, wherein the two independent passive heat exporting subsystems are adopted to simultaneously exchange heat between water in the water tank 1 and water in the pressure container 2, the water tank 1 is used as a heat sink, the heat exchange efficiency between the pressure container 2 and the water tank 1 in an accident is enhanced, and when the passive charging and discharging system is damaged, the passive waste heat discharging system can be used for exporting heat in a loop to the water tank 1, so that the reliability of the passive safety system is enhanced.
In some embodiments, a passive residual heat removal system comprises: the first heat exchanger 61 is immersed below the liquid level of the pool 1, so that the first heat exchanger 61 can be in contact with water in the pool 1 to directly exchange heat, the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchanger 61 can be improved, the first heat exchanger 61 is connected with the loop in parallel, and when the passive waste heat removal system is closed, the passive waste heat removal system cannot hinder the normal circulation of the loop.
In some embodiments, a loop comprises: the system comprises a cold pipe 32 connected with an inlet of a container and a hot pipe 31 connected with an outlet of the container, wherein a first heat exchanger 61 is connected with the hot pipe 31 through a first branch pipe 62, and the first heat exchanger 61 is connected with the cold pipe 32 through a second branch pipe 63, so that the first heat exchanger 61 is connected into a loop in parallel, the first branch pipe 62 is provided with a first control valve 64, the first control valve 64 is used for controlling whether the loop is communicated with a passive waste heat discharge system or not, for example, when the pressure and the temperature in the pressure container 2 are normal, the first control valve 64 is closed, namely, the passive waste heat discharge system is closed, and the first heat exchanger 61 is not communicated with the loop; when an accident occurs, the first control valve 64 is opened, namely the passive waste heat discharge system is opened, the first heat exchanger 61 is communicated with a loop, water in the loop can flow into the first heat exchanger 61, and heat exchange is carried out between the water in the first heat exchanger 61 and the water in the water pool 1.
In some embodiments, the heat pipes 31 are provided with a loop control valve 65, the loop control valve 65 is used for controlling the on-off of a loop, and the connection between the first branch 62 and the heat pipes 31 is located between the loop control valve 65 and the outlet of the container, so that when an accident occurs, the loop can be closed through the loop control valve 65 without affecting the communication between the passive waste heat removal system and the pressure container 2.
In some embodiments, the passive waste heat removal system includes a plurality of first heat exchangers 61, the plurality of first heat exchangers 61 can enhance the heat exchange efficiency of the passive waste heat removal system, and when some of the first heat exchangers 61 fail, the remaining first heat exchangers 61 can be used for heat exchange, thereby enhancing the reliability of the passive waste heat removal system.
In some embodiments, the passive safety system further comprises: the passive pond water cooling system, the passive pond water cooling system is used for the heat transfer between pond 1 and the external world to in discharging the heat in the pond 1 to the atmosphere, realize exporting the heat from the passive safety system, so that the passive safety system can be lastingly rely on pond 1 to cool off a return circuit.
The passive safety system comprises a passive charging and discharging system and a passive waste heat discharging system, wherein the passive charging and discharging system is used for discharging high-temperature high-pressure water/steam in a primary circuit and a pressure container 2 into a water pool 1 to realize pressure relief of the primary circuit, and circulation of pool water and water in the pressure container 2 is used for cooling a reactor core and the pressure container 2 in the water pool 1, and meanwhile, the passive waste heat discharging system can exchange heat between the pool water and outside air to reduce the temperature of the pool water, so that the temperature of the pool water is slowly increased, the pool water can have the capacity of continuously dissipating heat for the pressure container 2 and the reactor core, and for example, the heat at the pressure container 2 and the reactor core can be reliably led out within the time of 20-30 days after an accident occurs for 72 hours.
In some embodiments, a passive pond water cooling system comprises: the built-in heat exchanger 71 and the external heat exchanger 72 are connected to form a heat exchange loop, the built-in heat exchanger 71 is immersed below the liquid level of the pool 1, and the external heat exchanger 72 is installed outside the containment vessel 8.
The heat carrier circulates naturally between the external air cooler and the internal heat exchanger 71, so as to lead out the heat in the water tank 1, in other words, the heat lead-out loop formed by the external air cooler and the internal heat exchanger 71, and the heat carrier serving as a circulating medium in the loop can be water or an organic heat carrier. The organic heat transfer agent is to be understood in a broad sense here, for example, as a pure organic heat transfer agent, such as ethylene glycol, freon, or as a mixture of water and an organic heat transfer agent, provided that the freezing point of the mixture is low so that the mixture does not condense in cold climates.
Therefore, the passive pool water cooling system forms another independent passive heat exporting subsystem, once the built-in heat exchanger 71 is damaged, the radioactive substances are not directly discharged to the environment, and the external heat exchanger 72 plays a role in protection. The internal heat exchanger 71 and the external heat exchanger 72 are not directly associated with a primary loop system of the reactor, and do not cause additional heat loss and reduce the thermal efficiency of the unit.
In some embodiments, the external heat exchanger 72 is an air cooler, and air is used as a heat sink to cool the pool water, i.e. the external heat exchanger 72 can exchange heat with the outside air, so as to conduct heat in the pool 1 to the atmosphere, for example, the external heat exchanger 72 can be connected with an external air duct (e.g. a chimney, an exhaust duct, etc.), air flows in the air duct, and the heat of the external heat exchanger 72 is taken away by the air in the air duct and exhausted to the atmosphere from an air outlet of the air duct, so as to passively conduct the heat in the pool 1.
A passive safety system according to one embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1, the passive safety system comprising: the system comprises a passive charging and discharging system, a passive waste heat discharging system and a passive pool water cooling system.
The passive charging and discharging system, the passive waste heat discharging system and the passive pool water cooling system refer to the above embodiment, and the passive charging and discharging system, the passive waste heat discharging system and the passive pool water cooling system are three independent passive containment vessel 8 heat exporting systems.
When an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, for example, under the condition that a breach accident is superimposed on a power outage of the whole plant, a passive charging and discharging system and a passive waste heat discharging system can be simultaneously adopted, the water pool 1 is used as a heat trap, heat at the positions of the pressure container 2, the primary loop and the reactor core is led out to the water pool 1, so that the pressure reduction and the temperature reduction of the pressure container 2 are realized, the passive pool water cooling system is used for taking the atmosphere as the heat trap, the heat of the water pool 1 is led out to the atmosphere, the temperature rising speed of the water pool 1 is reduced, more heat at the positions of the pressure container 2 can be consumed by the water pool 1, and therefore, the heat at the positions of the pressure container 2 and the reactor core can be reliably led out after the accident occurs for 72 hours, for example, within 20.
A pressurized-water reactor according to the invention comprises a passive safety system according to the invention, with the corresponding advantages, which are not described in detail here.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (14)
1. A passive safety system including a passive charging and discharging system, the passive charging and discharging system comprising:
a pool;
the reactor core is arranged in the pressure vessel, the pressure vessel is installed in the water pool, the pressure vessel is immersed below the liquid level of the water pool, and a vessel inlet and a vessel outlet of the pressure vessel are connected to a primary circuit; wherein,
the system is characterized in that the primary circuit is provided with an automatic pressure relief device and a passive safety injection device, the passive safety injection device is immersed below the liquid level of the pool, the automatic pressure relief device is arranged to discharge high-pressure water/steam of the primary circuit into the pool when the system is opened, and the passive safety injection device is arranged to inject water of the pool into the primary circuit when the system is opened.
2. A passive safety system according to claim 1, wherein the automatic pressure relief device is arranged at a higher position than the passive safety injection device, which is arranged to replenish the primary circuit with water by the static pressure of the pool when the passive safety injection device is opened.
3. The passive safety system of claim 2, wherein the primary circuit comprises: the automatic pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the heat pipe or the cold pipe, and the passive safety injection device is arranged at the bottom of the cold pipe.
4. The passive safety system of claim 2, wherein the primary circuit comprises: the automatic pressure relief device comprises a cold pipe connected with the inlet of the container, a hot pipe connected with the outlet of the container and a pressure stabilizer connected with the hot pipe, wherein the automatic pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the pressure stabilizer.
5. A passive safety system according to claim 1, wherein the automatic pressure relief device comprises a pressure control valve that opens when the operating pressure of the primary circuit is above a set value, and the passive safety injection device comprises a differential pressure control valve.
6. A passive safety system according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising: the passive residual heat removal system is connected with the primary circuit in parallel, and the passive residual heat removal system is set to exchange heat between the primary circuit and pool water of the pool when being started.
7. The passive safety system according to claim 6, wherein the passive waste heat removal system comprises: the first heat exchanger is immersed below the liquid level of the water pool and is connected with the primary loop in parallel.
8. The passive safety system of claim 7, wherein the primary circuit comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a cold pipe connected with the inlet of the container and a heat pipe connected with the outlet of the container, wherein the first heat exchanger is connected with the heat pipe through a first branch pipe, the first heat exchanger is connected with the cold pipe through a second branch pipe, and the first branch pipe is provided with a first control valve.
9. A passive safety system according to claim 8, wherein the heat pipe is provided with a loop control valve, and the connection of the first branch to the heat pipe is between the loop control valve and the outlet of the vessel.
10. The passive safety system according to claim 7, wherein the passive waste heat removal system comprises a plurality of the first heat exchangers.
11. A passive safety system according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising: the passive pool water cooling system is used for exchanging heat between the pool and the outside.
12. The passive safety system of claim 11, wherein the passive pool water cooling system comprises: the built-in heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are connected to form a heat exchange loop, the built-in heat exchanger is immersed below the liquid level of the pool, and the external heat exchanger is installed outside the containment.
13. The passive safety system according to claim 12, wherein the external heat exchanger is an air cooler.
14. A pressurized water reactor, comprising: a passive safety system according to any one of claims 1-13.
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| CN201811621811.8A CN111383782B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Passive safety system and pressurized water reactor with same |
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| CN201811621811.8A CN111383782B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Passive safety system and pressurized water reactor with same |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112071454A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Passive combined heat removal system with integrated heat release trap |
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| CN111383782B (en) | 2022-12-23 |
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