CN107287885A - 一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物及其制备方法和应用。该制备方法是先将正硅酸乙酯、多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯加入到乙醇中配成溶液,将织物浸入所述溶液中1‐5min后取出;所得织物置于装有氨水和正丁胺溶液的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将密闭容器放入烘箱并在30‐60℃温度下反应0.5‐3h,制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。本发明制备的织物的水接触角在0.36秒即可达到0°,水下油接触角达到160°,可用于油水分离,分离效率达99.5%,并具有良好的循环使用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超亲水材料,具体涉及一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
超亲水一般是指水滴能够在材料表面完全铺展开,使接触角等于或者接近于0°。目前,超亲水材料在自洁、防雾、防污、油水分离等领域获得了广泛应用。特别是将超亲水表面构造于价廉易得的织物上,制备出超亲水和水下超疏油织物,可用于油水分离,对于妥善处理海洋漏油所引起的污染问题起到十分重要的作用。
关于超亲水织物的制备方法已有较多报道,如溶胶凝胶法、气相沉积法、模板法、相分离法、层层自组装法等。但存在制备工艺繁琐、反应条件苛刻、需要用到昂贵仪器等问题,多数只能局限于实验室研究。此外,制备过程中四氢呋喃、甲苯、丙酮等有毒溶剂的使用也对操作人员的身体健康造成一定的危害,并会污染环境。因此,采用一种简单和绿色环保的方法制备超亲水和水下超疏油织物显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明针对目前超亲水织物制备工艺繁琐、反应条件苛刻、需要用到昂贵仪器、使用有毒溶剂等问题,提供一种成本低廉、绿色环保、操作简便的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物及其制备方法,所得织物可用于油水分离,分离效率高,可循环使用性好。
本发明另一目的在于提出所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在油水分离中的应用。
本发明将织物在含正硅酸乙酯、多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的乙醇溶液中浸泡后,采用气‐液界面反应法,利用挥发性的氨水和正丁胺为催化剂,在一定的温度下,氨水气体催化正硅酸乙酯生成二氧化硅,正丁胺气体催化多巯基功能单体和PEGDMA生成亲水性的巯烯交联聚合物,最终制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物;通过正硅酸乙酯水解和缩聚在织物上原位生成二氧化硅用以构造粗糙度,同时多巯基功能单体上的巯基与聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯上的C=C双键发生巯‐烯反应生成亲水性的巯烯交联聚合物,从而制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。该方法具有成本低廉、绿色环保、操作简便等优点,所制备织物可用于油水分离,分离效率达99.5%,并具有良好的循环使用性。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现:
一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将正硅酸乙酯、多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGDMA)加入到乙醇中配成溶液;所述多巯基功能单体为季戊四醇四(3‐巯基丙酸)酯(PETMP)和三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)(TTMP)中的一种;
2)将织物浸入所述溶液中1‐5min后取出;
3)将步骤2)所得织物置于装有氨水和正丁胺溶液的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将密闭容器放入烘箱并在30‐60℃温度下反应0.5‐3h,制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
为进一步实现本发明目的,优选地,所述聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的分子量为550‐6000。
优选地,所述多巯基功能单体上的巯基与聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯上的C=C双键的摩尔比为1:1。
优选地,所述正硅酸乙酯的用量占多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯总质量的0.5‐3倍。
优选地,所述乙醇的用量为正硅酸乙酯、多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的质量总和的0.5‐2倍。
优选地,所述氨水与正丁胺的质量比为1:2‐3:1。
优选地,所述织物为聚酯、棉、聚氨酯和尼龙中的一种。
一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物,由上述制备方法制得;将水滴滴在所述水下超疏油织物上测得水接触角可在0.1‐0.5s时达到0°;在水下将油滴滴在所述水下超疏油织物表面测得水下油接触角为150°‐165°。触角采用德国KRUSS公司的DSA100接触角测量仪进行测试,测量过程中所取水滴和油滴的大小为3μL。
所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在油水分离中的应用。
优选地,所述的油为正己烷、石油醚、煤油、氯仿、二氯乙烷和大豆油。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
(1)通过气‐液界面反应法制备出超亲水和水下超疏油织物,具有操作简单、条件温和、无需使用有毒溶剂、无需昂贵的仪器设备等优点,可应用于大规模工业生产。
(2)在本发明制备的超亲水和水下超疏油织物的水接触角为0°,水下油接触角达到160°,可用于油水分离,具有高分离效率和良好的循环使用性。
附图说明
图1为在制备有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物过程中反应0min、10min、20min、40min和60min后的织物的全反射红外谱图。
图2为有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在放大8000倍后的扫描电镜图;
图3为将3μL的水滴滴在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角随时间变化图,从左往右的四个图分别为水滴滴在所制备织物上0s、0.12s、0.24s和0.36s时的接触角照片。
图4为有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物用于油水分离的装置;图中示出:管状进水装置1、管状出水装置2、油水分离织物3和滤液接收装置4。
图5为三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯发生巯烯反应形成交联结构的反应式。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但是本发明的实施方式不限于此。
图4为本发明各实施例制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物用于油水分离的装置,包括管状进水装置1、管状出水装置2、油水分离织物3和滤液接收装置4。在管状进水装置1和管状出水装置2之间设置油水分离织物3,管状出水装置2下端设有滤液接收装置4。油水分离织物3为本发明实施例制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物;使用时,将油水混合物倒入管状进水装置1上方,经油水分离织物3分离后,从管状出水装置2的下方流入滤液的接收装置4,而油被阻隔在油水分离织物3的上方,测量结果得油水分离效率。
实施例1
将2.46g正硅酸乙酯、0.20g(0.50mmol)三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)和0.41g(0.75mmol)分子量为550的聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯加入到3.07g乙醇中配成溶液,将聚酯织物浸泡该溶液1min后取出并置于装有5g氨水和5g正丁胺的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将该密闭容器放入烘箱并在45℃温度下反应1.5h,即可制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
图1为浸泡处理后的织物在氨水和正丁胺的混合溶液的催化下,分别反应0min、10min、20min、40min和60min后测量的全反射红外谱图。从图1中可以观察到对应于C=C双键的1636cm‐1处的峰逐渐变小最后消失,证明PEGDMA的C=C双键与TTMP的‐SH完全反应。960cm‐1处的特征峰对应于TEOS的Si‐O‐C2H5的对称伸缩振动峰,随着反应的进行该峰逐渐减少直至消失;在3300cm‐1处的宽峰对应于羟基的吸收峰,随着反应时间的延长该峰的强度先增大后减小,这个明显减小的羟基峰得益于有机物对二氧化硅纳米粒子的包裹。基于上面的分析,PEGDMA与TTMP之间的巯‐烯反应稍慢于TEOS的水解缩合反应,这两个反应都能在60min内反应生成有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
图2为将本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物用导电胶固定在样品台上进行喷金处理,放大8000倍后得到的扫描电镜图。从图2可以看出,在超疏水织物表面形成二氧化硅堆积的微纳粗糙结构。
图3是将3μL的水滴滴在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角随时间变化图,从左往右的四个图分别为水滴滴在所制备织物上0s、0.12s、0.24s和0.36s时的接触角照片。从图3可以看出,水接触角达到0°仅需0.36s,表明织物具有超亲水性能。
表1列出了水下油滴(包括己烷、石油醚、氯仿和二氯乙烷)在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角。具体操作如下:用方形的透明容器装满纯净水,将本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物置于水中,将3μL油滴(包括己烷、石油醚、氯仿和二氯乙烷)滴在所制备的织物表面,取5个不同点测量所得平均值为表1列出的水下油接触角。从表1可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的水下油接触角均达到150°以上,表明其具有水下超疏油性质。
表2为本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在经历不同次数的循环后的油水分离效率。称取油和水的混合液(体积比为3:7),利用油水分离装置(如图4)进行油水分离,将油水混合物倒入管状进水装置1上方,经油水分离织物3分离后,从管状出水装置2的下方流入滤液的接收装置4,而油被阻隔在油水分离织物3的上方,测量结果得油水分离效率。从表2可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的分离效率达到99.2%,即使经过40次循环后,其分离效率仍可保持在97%以上,表明其具有良好的可循环使用性。从表2可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的分离效率达到99.2%,即使经过40次循环后,其分离效率仍可保持在97%以上,表明其具有良好的可循环使用性。
结合图1、图2、图3、表1和表2,本实施例制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的水接触角为0°,水下油接触角大于150°,显示出超亲水和水下超疏油性质以及在油水分离中的良好的可循环使用性。这主要归因于正硅酸乙酯水解生成的二氧化硅在织物表面所构造出的微纳粗糙结构以及三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯所形成的亲水性交联网络结构(如图5)。
实施例2
将2.35g正硅酸乙酯、0.20g(0.50mmol)三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)和4.5g(0.75mmol)分子量为6000的聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯加入到7.05g乙醇中配成溶液,将棉织物浸泡5min后取出并置于装有5g氨水和2.5g正丁胺的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将该密闭容器放入烘箱并在30℃温度下反应3h,即可制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的扫描电镜图以及水滴达到0°接触角的过程分别与图1和图2类似,表明织物表面呈微纳粗糙结构,具有超亲水性。
表1列出了水下油滴(包括己烷、石油醚、氯仿和二氯乙烷)在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角。表2列出了本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的经历不同分离循环后的油水分离效率。从表1可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的水下油接触角均达到150°以上,表明其具有水下超疏油性质。从表2可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的分离效率达到99.0%,即使经过40次循环后,其分离效率仍可保持在97%以上,表明其具有良好的可循环使用性。
实施例3
将5.1g正硅酸乙酯、0.20g(0.50mmol)三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)和1.5g(0.75mmol)分子量为2000的聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯加入到6.8g乙醇中配成溶液,将尼龙织物浸泡3min后取出并置于装有7.5g氨水和2.5g正丁胺的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将该密闭容器放入烘箱并在60℃温度下反应0.5h,即可制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的扫描电镜图以及水滴达到0°接触角的过程分别与图1和图2类似,表明织物表面呈微纳粗糙结构,具有超亲水性。
表1列出了水下油滴(包括己烷、石油醚、氯仿和二氯乙烷)在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角。表2列出了本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在经历不同分离循环后的油水分离效率。从表1可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的水下油接触角均达到150°以上,表明其具有水下超疏油性质。从表2可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的分离效率达到98.5%,即使经过40次循环后,其分离效率仍可保持在97%以上,表明其具有良好的可循环使用性。
实施例4
将0.475g正硅酸乙酯、0.20g(0.50mmol)三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)和0.75g(0.75mmol)分子量为1000的聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯加入到1.425g乙醇中配成溶液,将棉织物浸泡2min后取出并置于装有2.5g氨水和5g正丁胺的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将该密闭容器放入烘箱并在50℃温度下反应1h,即可制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的扫描电镜图以及水滴达到0°接触角的过程分别与图1和图2类似,表明织物表面呈微纳粗糙结构,具有超亲水性。
表1列出了水下油滴(包括己烷、石油醚、氯仿和二氯乙烷)在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角。表2列出了本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在经历不同分离循环后的油水分离效率。从表1可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的水下油接触角均达到150°以上,表明其具有水下超疏油性质。从表2可以看出,本实施例所制备的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的分离效率达到98.7%,即使经过40次循环后,其分离效率仍可保持在97%以上,表明其具有良好的可循环使用性。
表1为水下油滴(包括己烷、石油醚、氯仿和二氯乙烷)在本实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物上的接触角;
表2为本发明实施例有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在经历不同分离循环后的油水分离效率。
表1
注:采用德国KRUSS公司的DSA100接触角测试仪进行测试,每个样品取5个点计算平均值。
表2
注:油水分离效率=(Ms/M0)×100%,M0分别代表油水分离前油水混合物中水的质量,Ms代表分离后收集的水的质量。分离效率需要测量3次,求其平均值。
Claims (10)
1.一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将正硅酸乙酯、多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯加入到乙醇中配成溶液;所述多巯基功能单体为季戊四醇四(3‐巯基丙酸)酯和三羟甲基丙烷三(3‐巯基丙酸酯)中的一种;
2)将织物浸入所述溶液中1‐5min后取出;
3)将步骤2)所得织物置于装有氨水和正丁胺溶液的密闭容器中且不接触氨水和正丁胺,将密闭容器放入烘箱并在30‐60℃温度下反应0.5‐3h,制得有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的分子量为550‐6000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述多巯基功能单体上的巯基与聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯上的C=C双键的摩尔比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述正硅酸乙酯的用量占多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯总质量的0.5‐3倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述乙醇的用量为正硅酸乙酯、多巯基功能单体和聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的质量总和的0.5‐2倍。
6.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述氨水与正丁胺的质量比为1:2‐3:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述织物为聚酯、棉、聚氨酯和尼龙中的一种。
8.一种有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物,其特征在于由权利要求1‐7任一项所述制备方法制得;将水滴滴在所述水下超疏油织物上测得水接触角可在0.1‐0.5s时达到0°;在水下将油滴滴在所述水下超疏油织物表面测得水下油接触角为150°‐165°。
9.权利要求8所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在油水分离中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的有机无机超亲水和水下超疏油织物在油水分离中的应用,其特征在于所述的油为正己烷、石油醚、煤油、氯仿、二氯乙烷和大豆油。
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