CN107282121A - 一种乙烯齐聚用催化剂组合物和齐聚方法 - Google Patents
一种乙烯齐聚用催化剂组合物和齐聚方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107282121A CN107282121A CN201610197076.7A CN201610197076A CN107282121A CN 107282121 A CN107282121 A CN 107282121A CN 201610197076 A CN201610197076 A CN 201610197076A CN 107282121 A CN107282121 A CN 107282121A
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- carbon monoxide
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MOMFXATYAINJML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acetylthiazole Chemical group CC(=O)C1=NC=CS1 MOMFXATYAINJML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 C1-C6Alkyl Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YVSMQHYREUQGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyloxaluminane Chemical compound CC[Al]1CCCCO1 YVSMQHYREUQGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 abstract description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical class C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- CQYBWJYIKCZXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaluminum Chemical compound CC[Al]CC CQYBWJYIKCZXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037048 polymerization activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1825—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole
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- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
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- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/14—Catalytic processes with inorganic acids; with salts or anhydrides of acids
- C07C2/20—Acids of halogen; Salts thereof ; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
- C07C2/22—Metal halides; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于乙烯齐聚反应工艺的催化剂组合物,包括式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2‑乙酰基‑6‑(1H‑2‑苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物、含铝助催化剂、叔丁基过氧化氢和有机溶剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乙烯齐聚领域,具体涉及一种用于乙烯齐聚反应工艺的催化剂组合物。
背景技术
线性α-烯烃在乙烯共聚单体、表面活性剂合成中间体、增塑剂用醇、合成润滑油和油品添加剂等领域有着广泛的应用。近年来,随着聚烯烃工业的不断发展,世界范围内对α-烯烃的需求量增长迅速。目前绝大部分的α-烯烃是由乙烯齐聚制备得到的。乙烯齐聚法所用的催化剂主要有镍系、铬系、锆系和铝系等,近年来,Brookhart小组(Brookhart,M等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1998,120,7143-7144;WO99/02472,1999),Gibson小组(Gibson,V.C.等人,Chem.Commun.,1998,849-850;Chem.Eur.J.,2000,2221-2231)分别发现一些Fe(II)和Co(II)的三齿吡啶亚胺配合物可催化乙烯齐聚,不但催化剂的催化活性很高,而且α-烯烃的选择性也很高。
中国科学院化学研究所报道了一种用于乙烯齐聚和聚合的催化剂(Organometallics 2009,28,2225–2233),该催化剂为2-苯并咪唑基-6-乙酰基缩胺的Fe2+的氯化物,在助催化剂甲基铝氧烷或者改性甲基铝氧烷作用下,当助催化剂中的金属铝与主催化剂中的中心金属的摩尔比为500~1500,并且反应温度为20~60℃时,齐聚和聚合活性最高达到了106g·mol(Fe)-1·h-1;而无论是甲基铝氧烷,还是改性甲基铝氧烷作为助催化剂,都存在成本过高,用量过大的问题,作为助催化剂大规模应用于乙烯齐聚时,其势必导致生产成本高昂。
目前,通常认为水和氧对乙烯齐聚反应工艺是非常不利的,CN200810111717.8公开了一种乙烯齐聚的方法,严格控制在无水无氧的环境下进行,因此目前的乙烯齐聚反应对工艺要求非常苛刻,导致齐聚反应工艺的反应引发以及重复性都非常差。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足,发明人在乙烯齐聚用催化剂领域进行了广泛深入的研究,惊奇地发现,乙烯在包括式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物、含铝助催化剂、叔丁基过氧化氢和有机溶剂的催化剂组合物作用下进行齐聚反应,反而具有较高的齐聚反应活性,且齐聚反应引发迅速、运行平稳、重复性好;从而克服了本领域技术人员的技术偏见,取得了预料不到的技术效果。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种乙烯齐聚用催化剂组合物,所述组合物包括式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物、含铝助催化剂和叔丁基过氧化氢:
式(I)中,R1-R5各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基和硝基。
根据本发明提供的催化剂组合物,含有叔丁基过氧化氢,反而能够提高乙烯齐聚反应活性;同时保持了α-烯烃的选择性。
在本发明中,术语“C1-C6烷基”指的是含有1-6个碳原子的饱和直链或支链烃基。作为C1-C6烷基,可以提及甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、正己基和仲己基;特别优选甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基。
在本发明中,术语“C1-C6烷氧基”指的是上述C1-C6烷基与一个氧原子连接得到的基团。作为C1-C6烷氧基,可以提及甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、正己氧基和仲己氧基;特别优选甲氧基和乙氧基。
在本发明中,术语“卤素”指的是氟、氯、溴和碘,特别优选氟、氯和溴。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,其中所述助催化剂中的铝与所述主催化剂中的铁的摩尔比为(30-900):1,优选(100-700):1。在上述方法的一个具体实施例中,所述铝与铁的摩尔比为(100-500):1,如(196-500):1,更优选为(148-196):1。在上述限定范围内,具有较好的乙烯齐聚活性;且即使在提供的较低的摩尔比范围内,所述方法中的乙烯齐聚活性仍然较高。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述主催化剂中的R1-R5各自独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基和硝基。在上述方法的一个具体实施例中,所述主催化剂中的R1和R5为异丙基或氢,R2-R4均为氢。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述组合物中进一步包含有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂为本领域内常用的有机溶剂。例如,所述有机溶剂可选自甲苯、环己烷、乙醚、四氢呋喃、乙醇、苯、二甲苯和二氯甲烷中的至少一种,如选自甲苯和二甲苯中的一种或其混合物。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述含铝助催化剂选自铝氧烷和烷基铝化合物,优选烷基铝化合物。在本发明中,所述烷基铝化合物的通式为AlRnXm,其中R各自独立地为直链或支链C1-C8烷基;X各自为卤素,如氯或溴;n为1~3的整数,m为0~2的整数,并且m+n等于3。例如,所述的烷基铝化合物可选自三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三丙基铝、三异丁基铝、三正己基铝、三正辛基铝、氯化二乙基铝和二氯化乙基铝中的至少一种,如三乙基铝。在本发明中,所述铝氧烷为C1-C4直链或支链的烷基铝氧烷。例如,所述的铝氧烷选自甲基铝氧烷、改性甲基铝氧烷、乙基铝氧烷和异丁基铝氧烷中的至少一种;如甲基铝氧烷。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述组合物中进一步包含有机溶剂。其中,以有机溶剂的重量为计算基准,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为5-1750ppm(即基于1g的有机溶剂,组合物中含5~1750×10-6g的叔丁基过氧化氢),如25-1750ppm,如35~1300ppm,优选为100~1300ppm。在一个具体的实例中,以有机溶剂的重量为计算基准,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为250-1000ppm,如250-500ppm较佳。在所述的叔丁基过氧化氢含量范围内,所述催化剂组合物具有更高的乙烯齐聚活性。
在本发明中,所述主催化剂和助催化剂的用量可根据生产规模和生产设备等具体应用时的工艺条件进行选择。在所述催化剂组合物的一个具体实施例中,以包含有机溶剂的组合物体积为计算基准,所述主催化剂的含量为2~500μmol/L(即基于1L的组合物,组合物中含2~500×10-6mol的主催化剂),优选20~500μmol/L,如50μmol/L。
本发明通式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物可采用文献(Organometallics 2009,28,2225–2233)报道的制备方法制得。
根据本发明的另外一个方面,还提供了一种乙烯齐聚方法,所述方法包括在上述的催化剂组合物的作用下进行齐聚反应,得到齐聚产物。
采用本发明中的齐聚方法,在上述含叔丁基过氧化氢的催化剂组合物作用下,反而能够提高乙烯齐聚活性,克服了无氧反应的技术偏见。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,所述齐聚反应的反应温度为-20至150℃,优选-20至80℃,更优选-20至40℃,进一步优选5-40℃。在所述反应温度,具有好的齐聚反应活性。所述反应的压力为0.1~30MPa,随着乙烯压力升高齐聚活性升高。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,所述齐聚反应过程,主催化剂与助催化剂的混合在乙烯氛围下进行。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,使用本发明所述的催化剂组合物进行乙烯齐聚,获得的乙烯齐聚产物包括C4、C6、C8、C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20、C22等;α-烯烃的选择性可以达到96%以上。在乙烯齐聚反应结束之后,进行GC分析。结果表明,齐聚活性可达107g·mol(Fe)-1·h-1以上。另外,剩余的反应混合物用5%的稀盐酸酸化的乙醇溶液中和,没有得到聚合物。
根据本发明的一个具体的实施例,可包括如下步骤:(1)通过高温烘干、真空置换等操作对反应体系进行置换,确保反应体系中无水无氧;(2)使用乙烯对反应体系进行置换,使反应体系处于乙烯环境;(3)在反应体系中加入催化剂组合物,包括主催化剂、助催化剂、叔丁基过氧化氢和有机溶剂,充分搅拌;(4)通入乙烯开始齐聚反应,保持反应压力为0.1~30MPa且反应温度为-20~150℃下反应30~100min;(5)停止反应,取反应产物用气相色谱进行(GC)分析。在本发明中,步骤(3)所述的主催化剂和助催化剂可先用有机溶剂溶解后再加入反应体系。
根据本发明提供的催化剂组合物,乙烯在包括式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物、含铝助催化剂和叔丁基过氧化氢(所述组合物可进一步包含有机溶剂)的组合物作用下进行齐聚反应,反而具有较高的齐聚反应活性,α-烯烃的选择性高,且齐聚反应引发迅速、运行平稳、重复性好。根据本发明,即使在非常低的Al/Fe比条件下,仍然具有较好的齐聚反应活性。根据本发明,当反应在较低温度下进行时,仍然具有高的齐聚反应活性。根据本发明,克服了本领域技术人员的技术偏见,取得了预料不到的技术效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述和说明,但并不构成对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1
1.催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物的合成
按照文献(Organometallics 2009,28,2225–2233)报道的制备方法制得氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物,R1-R5均为氢。
2.乙烯齐聚反应,具体包括如下步骤:(1)通过高温烘干、真空置换等操作对反应体系进行置换,确保反应体系中无水无氧;(2)使用乙烯对反应体系进行置换,使反应体系处于乙烯环境;(3)在反应釜中加入叔丁基过氧化氢和甲苯溶剂,加入1.37ml三乙基铝甲苯溶液(浓度为715μmol/ml),加入2ml氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物的甲苯溶液(浓度为2.5μmol/ml)后,使组合物总量为100ml,其中,以有机溶剂(甲苯)的重量为计算基准,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为25ppm,Al/Fe=196,充分搅拌后,通入乙烯开始齐聚反应;(4)保持乙烯压力为1MPa且反应温度为30℃下反应30分钟;(7)停止反应,取出少量反应产物用气相色谱进行(GC)分析:齐聚活性为0.50×107g·mol(Fe)-1·h-1,齐聚物含量分别为C4 40.45%,C6~C10 45.26%,C6~C18 58.78%(其中含线性α-烯烃97.4%),C20~C28 0.73%。剩余的混合物用5%的盐酸酸化的乙醇溶液中和,没有得到聚合物。分析结果见表一。
实施例2
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为100ppm。数据见表1。
实施例3
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm。数据见表1。
实施例4
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm。数据见表1。
实施例5
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为1000ppm。数据见表1。
实施例6
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为1300ppm。数据见表1。
实施例7
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为1750ppm,数据见表1。
实施例8
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,反应温度为0℃。数据见表1。
实施例9
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,反应温度为-10℃。数据见表1。
实施例10
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,反应温度为-20℃。数据见表1。
实施例11
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,反应温度为40℃。数据见表1。
实施例12
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,Al/Fe=500。数据见表1。
实施例13
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,Al/Fe=700。数据见表1。
实施例14
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,Al/Fe=900。数据见表1。
实施例15
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,Al/Fe=148。数据见表1。
实施例16
同实施例1,不同之处在于,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为500ppm,Al/Fe=100。数据见表1。
对比例1
同实施例1,不同之处在于,组合物中无叔丁基过氧化氢。数据见表1。
表1
从表1中数据可以看出,根据本发明提供的催化剂组合物,乙烯在包括式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物、含铝助催化剂、叔丁基过氧化氢和有机溶剂的组合物作用下进行齐聚反应,反而具有较高的齐聚反应活性,α-烯烃的选择性高,且齐聚反应引发迅速、运行平稳、重复性好。根据本发明,即使在非常低的Al/Fe比条件下,仍然具有较好的齐聚反应活性。根据本发明,当反应在较低温度下进行时,仍然具有高的齐聚反应活性。
应当注意的是,以上所述的实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的任何限制。通过参照典型实施例对本发明进行了描述,但应当理解为其中所用的词语为描述性和解释性词汇,而不是限定性词汇。可以按规定在本发明权利要求的范围内对本发明作出修改,以及在不背离本发明的范围和精神内对本发明进行修订。尽管其中描述的本发明涉及特定的方法、材料和实施例,但是并不意味着本发明限于其中公开的特定例,相反,本发明可扩展至其他所有具有相同功能的方法和应用。
Claims (10)
1.一种乙烯齐聚用催化剂组合物,包括式(I)所示的主催化剂氯化2-乙酰基-6-(1H-2-苯并咪唑基)缩胺合铁(II)配合物、含铝助催化剂和叔丁基过氧化氢:
式中,R1-R5各自独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基和硝基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,在所述催化剂组合物中,叔丁基过氧化氢的重量含量为5-1750ppm,优选100-1300ppm,进一步优选250-1000ppm,最优选为250-500ppm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述助催化剂中铝与主催化剂中铁的摩尔比为(30-900):1,优选(100-700):1,进一步优选(100-500):1,更优选为(148-196):1。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述主催化剂中的R1-R5各自独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基和硝基;优选R1和R5为异丙基或氢,且R2-R4均为氢。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述含铝助催化剂选自铝氧烷和烷基铝化合物中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述烷基铝化合物的通式为AlRnXm,其中R各自独立地为直链或支链C1-C8烷基;X为卤素,优选氯或溴;n为1-3的整数,m为0-2的整数,并且m+n等于3;优选地,所述烷基铝化合物选自三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三丙基铝、三异丁基铝、三正己基铝、三正辛基铝、氯化二乙基铝和二氯化乙基铝中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述铝氧烷为C1-C4直链或支链的烷基铝氧烷;优选地,所述铝氧烷选自甲基铝氧烷、改性甲基铝氧烷、乙基铝氧烷和异丁基铝氧烷中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述催化剂组合物进一步包含有机溶剂,优选以组合物的体积为计算基准,所述主催化剂的含量为2-500μmol/L,优选20-100μmol/L。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,所述催化剂组合物进一步包含有机溶剂,优选所述有机溶剂选自甲苯、环己烷、乙醚、四氢呋喃、乙醇、苯、二甲苯和二氯甲烷中的至少一种。
10.一种乙烯齐聚方法,所述方法包括在权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的催化剂组合物的作用下进行齐聚反应,得到齐聚产物,优选地,所述齐聚反应的反应温度为-20至150℃,优选-20至40℃,进一步优选5至30℃;和/或反应压力为0.1-30MPa。
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