Feed additive for improving quality of poultry eggs and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an animal feed, in particular to a feed additive for regulating the immune function of egg-laying poultry, enhancing the disease resistance, improving the quality of egg products, reducing the cholesterol content in eggs and producing low-cholesterol selenium-rich and zinc-rich eggs, and specifically relates to a feed additive for improving the quality of eggs by combining mulberry leaf powder, green tea powder, tea polyphenol, nano selenium and zinc methionine, belonging to the fields of feed industry and livestock breeding industry.
Background
The eggs are one of the important sources of high-quality eggs for human beings, are rich in essential amino acids of the human bodies, such as methionine, lysine and the like, and simultaneously contain a large amount of trace elements required by the human bodies, such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and the like, and are ideal natural foods. However, under modern feeding conditions, egg-laying poultry are in a sub-health state, the immunity level of the organism is low, diseases of the reproductive system, intestinal tract and respiratory tract are frequent, and the benefits of breeding enterprises are seriously damaged. In order to improve economic benefit, egg poultry breeding practitioners use a large amount of chemical drugs such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, coccidian-resistant drugs and the like in the feed, so that the quality of eggs is seriously influenced, and in addition, the problems of drug residues, drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and the like are caused, thereby causing great harm to human health. Therefore, the search for effective substitutes of feed antibiotics and the production of safe and high-quality animal products without public hazard, residue and pollution become the focus of attention of people. Therefore, the research and the wide application of the safe and environment-friendly feed have important significance for promoting the sustainable development of the breeding industry in China.
In recent years, researches show that the health condition of animal bodies can be improved and the quality of eggs can be improved through vegetality and nutrition. The mulberry leaves contain a large number of functional components, such as flavone and flavone glycosides (quercetin and the like), alkaloid (DNJ and the like), polysaccharide and the like, and have the functions of resisting stress, resisting oxidation, enhancing the immunity of the organism, reducing serum cholesterol, regulating adrenal gland function, reducing blood fat, reducing blood sugar and the like besides the traditional medicinal value. Researches show that the quality of eggs can be improved, the egg white Hafu unit can be improved, the color of egg yolks can be deepened, the mouthfeel of the eggs can be improved, and the content of cholesterol in the egg yolks can be reduced by adding 5% -10% of mulberry leaf powder into daily ration of laying hens. The green tea not only has the pharmacological effects of refreshing and clearing away heart-fire, clearing away summer-heat, promoting digestion and eliminating phlegm, detoxifying and sobering up, promoting the production of body fluid and quenching thirst, but also has certain pharmacological effects on radiation diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like, and the main active components of the green tea are tea polyphenol, catechin, caffeine, theanine and the like. The tea polyphenol in the green tea has excellent effects of resisting oxidation and cancer, reducing blood fat, improving immunity and the like, and can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, replace an antioxidant, improve the quality of livestock and poultry products and enhance the immunity of the livestock and poultry. The addition of 1-3% of green tea powder in daily ration of laying hens can effectively reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk, and has different degrees of influence on the production performance. However, the mulberry leaves and the green tea have high crude fiber content and low effective energy value, and need to be added into the feed in a large amount (more than 5% of mulberry leaves and more than 1% of green tea) to show the effect, but the laying fowl feed has limited formulation space (the laying fowl feed needs high effective energy value), the green tea is expensive, and the addition cost in the feed is high, so the application of the mulberry leaves and the green tea in the commercial laying hen feed is limited.
The trace elements are accessory factors of a plurality of hormones and enzymes in an animal body and have important effects on the metabolism of the body. Selenium and zinc are essential trace elements for human body and animals, and have effects of promoting growth, improving reproductive performance, resisting oxidation, enhancing immunity, and resisting stress. The enrichment of selenium can not only improve the health condition of livestock and poultry, but also improve the value of livestock and poultry products. The nano selenium is a high-quality organic selenium source, is safe and low in toxicity, has high biological activity, and has better absorption rate and deposition amount in organisms than other forms of organic selenium. So far, there is no report on the use of the combination of mulberry leaves, green tea and tea polyphenols, nano-selenium and zinc methionine as a feed additive to improve the quality of poultry eggs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide the safe and environment-friendly feed additive for laying poultry, which can adjust the immune function of the laying poultry, enhance the disease resistance, replace feed antibiotics, improve the quality of eggs and reduce the content of cholesterol in the eggs and is rich in selenium and zinc.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a simple and low-cost method for preparing the feed additive.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the feed additive, and the feed additive is added into the laying fowl feed, so that the quality of eggs can be improved, mainly manifested by reducing cholesterol and improving the contents of selenium and zinc.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a feed additive for improving the quality of poultry eggs, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 51 to 78 percent of mulberry leaf powder; 20 to 40 percent of green tea powder; 0.5 to 2 percent of tea polyphenol; 0.5 to 2 percent of nano selenium; 1 to 5 percent of zinc methionine.
In the preferred scheme, the mulberry leaf powder has the granularity of 80 meshes, the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the mass percentage content of crude protein is more than or equal to 20 percent, the mass percentage content of crude fiber is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the mass percentage content of total flavone is more than or equal to 1 percent. The mulberry leaf powder is obtained by drying fresh tender mulberry leaves at 80-90 ℃, crushing and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve.
In the preferred scheme, the green tea powder has the granularity of 80 meshes, the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the mass percentage content of crude protein is more than or equal to 15 percent, the mass percentage content of crude fiber is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the mass percentage content of tea polyphenol is more than or equal to 2 percent. The green tea powder is prepared by drying fresh tender mulberry leaves at 80-90 ℃, crushing and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve.
In the preferred scheme, the mass percentage content of the effective components of the tea polyphenol is more than or equal to 95 percent. The tea polyphenol is tea extract, and can be obtained by direct purchase or extraction by reference to the existing literature.
In a preferable scheme, the selenium content in the nano-selenium is 0.1% by mass. The nano selenium is a conventional commercial product.
In the preferable scheme, the mass percent of zinc in the zinc methionine is more than or equal to 12%. Zinc methionine is a conventional commercial product.
According to the preferable scheme, the mass ratio of the mulberry leaf powder to the green tea powder to the tea polyphenol is 60-70: 20-30: 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive for improving the quality of poultry eggs, which comprises the steps of mixing the mulberry leaf powder and the green tea powder for 2-5 minutes, adding the tea polyphenol, the nano selenium and the zinc methionine, and mixing for 3-5 minutes.
The invention also provides application of the feed additive for improving the quality of poultry eggs, and the feed additive is added into the laying poultry feed to improve the quality of egg products.
The feed additive disclosed by the invention is small in addition amount in the laying fowl feed, and is generally 1-3%.
The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the quality of poultry eggs comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing various raw materials according to a predetermined proportion; (2) putting the weighed mulberry leaf powder into a mixer, adding the green tea powder, and mixing for 2-5 minutes; (3) adding tea polyphenol, nano selenium and zinc methionine, and mixing for 3-5 minutes.
According to the feed additive, the mulberry leaf powder, the green tea powder and the tea polyphenol are combined for use, the mulberry leaf has the effects of resisting oxidation and regulating lipid metabolism, can exert a synergistic effect with the green tea powder and the tea polyphenol to reduce the cholesterol content in eggs, and the organic trace elements (nano selenium and zinc methionine) are matched with the mulberry leaf powder, the green tea powder and the tea polyphenol for use, so that the feed additive is beneficial to animal health and can improve the quality of eggs and can enrich selenium and zinc in the eggs, and researches show that the nano selenium can improve the production performance of egg-laying poultry, improve the quality of the eggs, reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolks and enrich and produce selenium-enriched eggs in the egg yolks; the absorption utilization rate of zinc methionine is far superior to that of inorganic zinc, the laying performance and the eggshell quality of laying hens can be improved to a certain degree, the zinc content in eggs is increased, and the zinc enrichment of the eggs is facilitated. The mulberry leaves, the green tea and the tea polyphenol are further compatible with the nano selenium and the zinc methionine, so that the egg quality can be further improved, the eggshell thickness is increased, the breakage rate of eggs is reduced, the eggs are rich in selenium and zinc, the produced eggs are more distinctive, the combined compatibility of the components shows a better effect of improving the egg quality in egg poultry production, and a certain synergistic effect is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
1) the feed additive combines the mulberry leaf powder, the tea polyphenol and the organic trace element zinc selenium for use, has obvious synergistic effect, can obviously improve the quality of eggs and reduce the content of cholesterol in the eggs by combining the mulberry leaf powder, the tea leaf powder and the tea polyphenol, and the small amount of the organic trace element zinc selenium is beneficial to the health of animal organisms and improves the quality of the eggs.
2) The feed additive can regulate the immune function of the laying fowl, enhance the disease resistance, replace part of feed antibiotics, reduce the pollution of drug residue to the environment and bring huge social benefit; meanwhile, the quality of the eggs can be obviously improved, the cholesterol content in the eggs can be reduced, the selenium-rich and zinc-rich eggs with low cholesterol can be produced, and the economic benefit of egg and poultry breeding can be improved.
3) The feed additive of the invention has simple preparation method and low cost, and is beneficial to industrial production.
4) The feed additive has obvious using effect, greatly reduces the adding amount of the feed additive in the feed, and is beneficial to reducing the using cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1:
the formula is as follows:
control group: blank control;
experimental group 1: mulberry leaf powder;
experimental group 2: green tea powder;
experimental group 3: tea polyphenols;
experimental group 4: 10 parts of nano selenium and 30 parts of zinc methionine:
experimental group 5: 750 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 200 parts of green tea powder, 10 parts of tea polyphenol, 10 parts of nano selenium and 30 parts of zinc methionine.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the weighed mulberry leaf powder into a mixer according to the formula, adding the green tea powder, mixing for 2-5 minutes, adding the tea polyphenol, the nano selenium and the zinc methionine, and mixing for 3-5 minutes to obtain the product. The obtained product is added into the complete feed for laying fowls.
In the test of the method, 3600 healthy Luhua chickens with similar laying rate and weight for 30 weeks are selected and divided into 6 treatment groups, each treatment group has 6 repetitions, and each repetition has 100 hens. The 6 treatment groups are respectively a control group and 5 test groups, the control group is fed with corn-soybean meal type basic ration, the test group 1 is the basic ration added with 3 percent of mulberry leaves (measured according to the mass percent of the basic ration, the same is shown below), the test group 2 is the basic ration added with 1 percent of green tea, the test group 3 is the basic ration added with 0.04 percent of tea polyphenol, the test group 4 is the basic ration added with 0.02 percent of nano selenium and 0.06 percent of zinc methionine, the test group 5 is the basic ration added with 2 percent of the safe environment-friendly feed product, and the safe environment-friendly feed product is equivalent to the basic ration added with 1.5 percent of mulberry leaves, 0.4 percent of green tea, 0.02 percent of tea polyphenol, 0.02 percent of nano selenium and 0.06 percent of zinc methionine. The pre-test period was 1 week and the test period was 6 weeks. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on Luhua chicken Productivity and egg quality
Note: the difference between the lower case letters marked on the shoulders in the table is significant, and p is less than 0.05.
From the test results, under the test conditions, the quality of the eggs can be improved to a certain extent by adding the mulberry leaves, the tea polyphenols, the nano selenium and the zinc methionine into the Luhua chicken daily feed, and the death and culling rate of the laying hens in the laying period is reduced. The addition of the safe and environment-friendly feed into the daily ration can obviously improve the thickness of the eggshell, reduce the egg breaking proportion in production, obviously improve the quality of eggs, and obviously improve the Hough unit and yolk index of egg white, which indicates that the viscosity of the egg white and the yolk is improved, and the effect of improving the quality of the eggs is better than the effect of independently adding mulberry leaves, tea polyphenol, nano selenium and zinc methionine.
Example 2:
the formula is as follows:
control group: blank control;
experimental group 1: mulberry leaf powder;
experimental group 2: 620 parts of mulberry leaf powder and 300 parts of green tea powder;
experimental group 3: 620 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 300 parts of green tea powder and 10 parts of tea polyphenol;
experimental group 4: 620 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 300 parts of green tea powder, 10 parts of tea polyphenol, 20 parts of nano selenium and 50 parts of zinc methionine;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the weighed mulberry leaf powder into a mixer according to the formula, adding the green tea powder, mixing for 2-5 minutes, adding the tea polyphenol, the nano selenium and the zinc methionine, and mixing for 3-5 minutes to obtain the product. The obtained product is added into the complete feed for laying fowls.
In the test of the method, 3000 healthy, laying rate and weight similar to 48-week-old kalanchoe brown laying hens are selected and divided into 5 treatment groups, each treatment group has 6 repetitions, and each repetition has 100 hens. The 5 treatment groups are respectively a control group and 4 test groups, the control group is fed with corn-soybean meal type basic ration, the test group 1 is the basic ration added with 1.24 percent of mulberry leaves (measured according to the mass percentage of the basic ration, the same is shown below), the test group 2 is the basic ration added with 1.24 percent of mulberry leaves +0.6 percent of green tea, the test group 3 is the basic ration added with 1.24 percent of mulberry leaves +0.6 percent of green tea +0.02 percent of tea polyphenol, the test group 4 is the basic ration added with 2 percent of the safe environment-friendly feed product, and the safe environment-friendly feed product is equivalent to the basic ration added with 1.24 percent of mulberry leaves, 0.6 percent of green tea, 0.02 percent of tea polyphenol, 0.04 percent of nano selenium and 0.1 percent of zinc methionine. The pre-test period was 1 week and the test period was 6 weeks. The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the production Performance and egg quality of Hailan-Brown egg laying hens
Note: the difference between the lower case letters marked on the shoulders in the table is significant, and p is less than 0.05.
From the test results, under the test conditions, compared with the control group, the laying rate, the egg weight and the feed-egg ratio of each test group have no significant difference, which indicates that the addition of mulberry leaves, green tea and the like in the daily ration of the laying hens has no adverse effect on the production performance. The safe and environment-friendly feed added into the daily ration of the laying hens can obviously improve the color of egg yolks and the contents of zinc and selenium in eggs, can obviously reduce the content of cholesterol, and has an improvement effect superior to that of other test groups, which shows that the safe and environment-friendly feed can be used for producing high-quality zinc-rich, selenium-rich and low-cholesterol eggs.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.