CN107271413B - 提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液及洗脱方法 - Google Patents
提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液及洗脱方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液及洗脱方法。所述洗脱液包括如下重量百分比的组分:1‑2%异戊醇,1‑2%NaCl,0.2‑0.5%的己炔二醇、甲基己炔二醇或二甲基己炔二醇中的一种,0.1‑0.2%亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠,0.2‑0.5%聚磷酸钠,2%‑4%EDTA,余量为水。本发明洗脱方法适用于饮用水中隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第虫孢囊的快速风险评估与预警,应用成本低廉,操作简便易行,使用安全可靠,具有广阔的应用前景。对比实验表明,采用本发明洗脱方案可将隐孢子虫卵囊的回收率提高至30‑50%;贾第虫卵囊回收率提高至35‑50%,超过EPA1623规定的20%限值;操作成本没有明显变化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涉及饮用水水质检测及水处理领域,具体涉及一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液及洗脱方法。
背景技术
贾第鞭毛虫(G.lamblia)和隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)是一类寄生于人和动物体内的肠道原虫(以下简称“两虫”),也是引起人类非病毒性腹泻的最主要病原生物。水环境中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫污染非常普遍,尤其是当地表水受生活污水或农业污水污染的情况下更为严重。由于“两虫”主要以饮水为传播媒介,预防“两虫”病爆发的关键是确保饮用水的安全。因此世界各国包括我国在内均对其饮水中的浓度做了相应规定,如目前我国“生活饮用水卫生标准”(GB5749-2006,非常规指标)和美国EPA给定的限值均为<1个/10L水。目前对其检测方法很多,主要有以金胺-酚染色、改良抗酸染色、金胺-酚改良抗酸复染等为代表的染色镜检方法,以及常规PCR、MS-PCR、RT-PCR、Nested-PCR、荧光定量PCR和生物探针技术等为代表的分子生物学检测方法。不管采用何种检测方法,对“两虫”卵囊的分离与富集是保证检测结果的可靠性和可行性的关键问题。
目前“两虫”卵囊分离纯化的浮选方法主要包括甘油饱和盐水漂浮法、不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法、CsCl密度梯度离心法、饱和糖水漂浮法等(宋丹等.隐孢子虫检测方法研究进展);或通过表面抗原抗体结合方法将目的抗原吸附分离出来,主要包括免疫磁珠分离法(崔艳梅.水环境中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫检测方法的研究进展);或采用滤芯、膜滤方式对水样进行分离富集。甘油饱和盐水漂浮法主要用于隐孢子虫的初步检测,但由于卵囊为无色透明的小球体,增加了检测难度;同时由于水样的采样量通常都很大(10-100L以上),因此密度梯度离心法、饱和糖水漂浮法实际操作难度都很大,同时也容易产生二次污染。EPA1623推荐的膜滤操作克服了以上富集方法的缺点,已被各国供水行业广泛采用,但卵囊回收率应仅为20%-50%,主要损失在过滤浓缩环节。笔者在实验中也证实,传统机械式振荡洗脱难以将两虫从滤膜表面洗脱。有研究者从提高洗脱液角度提出了改进措施,但回收率仍不够理想;本技术对洗脱方式和洗脱液组分进行了改进,提高了回收率。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱方法,适用于饮用水中隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第虫孢囊的快速风险评估与预警。该方法应用成本低廉,操作简便易行,使用安全可靠,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液,所述洗脱液包括如下重量百分比的组分:1-2%异戊醇,1-2%NaCl,0.2-0.5%的己炔二醇、甲基己炔二醇或二甲基己炔二醇中的一种,0.1-0.2%亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠,0.2-0.5%聚磷酸钠,2%-4%EDTA,余量为水。
一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在标准滤囊检测方法中,先将20-40mL洗脱液加入滤囊,然后将滤囊于40-50℃水浴下以40-60kHz的超声频率超声处理15min;所述洗脱液包括如下重量百分比的组分:1-2%异戊醇,1-2%NaCl,0.2-0.5%的己炔二醇、甲基己炔二醇或二甲基己炔二醇中的一种,0.1-0.2%亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠,0.2-0.5%聚磷酸钠,2%-4%EDTA,余量为水;
(2)将滤囊中洗脱液倾出,重复步骤(1)的操作4-5次。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:
对比实验表明,采用本发明洗脱方案可将隐孢子虫卵囊的回收率提高至30-50%;贾第虫卵囊回收率提高至35-50%,超过EPA1623规定的20%限值;操作成本没有明显变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
取1份50L去离子水,加入贾第虫和隐孢子虫标样(由加拿大Toronto市某实验室提供),加入15mg/L的LAS表面活性剂、1mg/L有机硅氧烷消泡剂混合均匀,采用荷负电膜材料的Clearscan小型滤囊,进行负压抽吸操作,操作压强为200kPa;过滤结束后,在滤囊进水口处倒入40mL洗脱液(洗脱液组分如下:1-2%异戊醇、1-2%NaCl、0.2-0.5%己炔二醇、0.1-0.2%亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠、0.2-0.5%聚磷酸钠,2%-4%EDTA,余量为纯水,以上均为重量百分比),并将进水口密封;将滤囊置于超声清洗槽中,45℃水浴下、超声频率40-60kHz、超声处理15min;将滤囊中洗脱液倾出,重复上述洗脱过程5次;将全部洗脱液合并至高速离心管,加入NaCl至饱和,离心处理;离心结束后采用免疫磁珠分离法进行染色制片,用荧光显微镜计数,可得到该方法的回收率为41.7%。同时采用EPA推荐的标准洗脱液和一次洗脱方法进行对照,标准方法回收率为25.5%。
可见本发明提出的洗脱液配比及洗脱方法效果明显优于EPA的标准方法。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱液,其特征在于,所述洗脱液包括如下重量百分比的组分:1-2%异戊醇,1-2%NaCl,0.2-0.5%的己炔二醇、甲基己炔二醇或二甲基己炔二醇中的一种,0.1-0.2%亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠,0.2-0.5%聚磷酸钠,2%-4%EDTA,余量为水。
2.一种提高隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测回收率的洗脱方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在标准滤囊检测方法中,先将20-40mL洗脱液加入滤囊,然后将滤囊于40-50℃水浴下以40-60kHz的超声频率超声处理15min;所述洗脱液包括如下重量百分比的组分:1-2%异戊醇,1-2%NaCl,0.2-0.5%的己炔二醇、甲基己炔二醇或二甲基己炔二醇中的一种,0.1-0.2%亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠,0.2-0.5%聚磷酸钠,2%-4%EDTA,余量为水;
(2)将滤囊中洗脱液倾出,重复步骤(1)的操作4-5次。
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JPH1019891A (ja) * | 1996-07-05 | 1998-01-23 | Ebara Corp | 水源病原微生物の計測方法 |
CN101430281A (zh) * | 2008-12-17 | 2009-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 饮用水中隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第虫孢囊的活性检测方法 |
CN101665820A (zh) * | 2009-09-15 | 2010-03-10 | 上海交通大学 | 提高隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫检测回收率的过滤浓缩方法 |
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JPH1019891A (ja) * | 1996-07-05 | 1998-01-23 | Ebara Corp | 水源病原微生物の計測方法 |
CN101430281A (zh) * | 2008-12-17 | 2009-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 饮用水中隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第虫孢囊的活性检测方法 |
CN101665820A (zh) * | 2009-09-15 | 2010-03-10 | 上海交通大学 | 提高隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫检测回收率的过滤浓缩方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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优化EPA 1623法检测生活饮用水中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫;叶秀玲 等;《食品安全质量检测学报》;20170531;第8卷(第5期);1838-1841 * |
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