CN107267552A - A kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character and the method for obtaining genetically modified crops - Google Patents
A kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character and the method for obtaining genetically modified crops Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character and the method for obtaining genetically modified crops, belong to field of plant genetic.A kind of method for regulation and control crop economical character that the present invention is provided, by regulating and controlling the expression of ZmCOL3 genes, realizes the purpose of regulation and control crops character;The genetically engineered plants that method breeding by obtaining genetically modified crops is obtained, with more excellent economical character, can improve the yield of crops;Self-sufficiency rate of grain can be met to a certain extent, moreover it is possible to increase the income of peasant household, Ensuring Food Safety;With higher actual application value and promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant genetic, in particular to a kind of side of regulation and control crop economical character
Method and the method for obtaining genetically modified crops.
Background technology
Corn (Zea mays L.) is yield highest cereal crops in world food crop, and yield potential is huge, in agriculture
There is extremely important status in industry.Corn plant height and number of blade economical character are the important composition portions of Ideal Plant Type in Maize design
Point, play vital effect in terms of corn yield is improved.
Plant Type in Maize is main comprehensive agronomy character, directly affects the planting density of corn, and then influence yield and warp
Ji efficiency, appropriate plant height is an important indicator of Ideal Plant Type in Maize design.In agricultural production history, crops entirety plant height
Reduction generate far-reaching influence to world agriculture, the outburst of last century the seventies wheat and the short bar green revolution of paddy rice shows
Work improves world food yield.Relevant statistics show in corn:The improvement of mechanized harvest and High planting increases to corn
Increase of the contribution far above single plant yield of production, corn variety that is of short stem, precocious and being suitable for dense planting is cultivated with promoting
Mainstream development direction as the following multi-form agriculture epoch.Corn plant height is influenceed larger by environmental factor, but is mainly still lost
Biography factor is determined.
Plant height, the number of blade and Leaf positional distribution form are one of most important factors of design ideal plant type corn;Corncob
Spike length, tassel row number, row grain number etc. are all that, with the closely related character of yield, and these characters and inherent cause are closely related.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character;It can be regulated and controled by this method
With the yield of crops.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that base obtains genetically modified crops, the acquisition genetically modified crops
Method, can prepare performance and the excellent genetically modified crops of character.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, using following technical scheme:
A kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character, regulates and controls crop ZmCOL3 gene expressions, realizes regulation and control crops agronomy
Character.
A kind of method for obtaining genetically modified crops, including:ZmCOL3 genes or ZmCOL3 genome sequences are connected to table
Up to carrier, conversion carrier is obtained, and conversion carrier is transferred to Host Strains, obtains converting Host Strains, then will convert Host Strains
Infection crops.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:A kind of regulation and control crop economical character that the present invention is provided
Method, by regulating and controlling the expression of ZmCOL3 genes, realizes the purpose of regulation and control crops character;By the side for obtaining genetically modified crops
The genetically engineered plants that method breeding is obtained, with more excellent economical character, can improve the yield of crops;Can be one
Determine to meet self-sufficiency rate of grain in degree, moreover it is possible to increase the income of peasant household, Ensuring Food Safety;With higher actual application value
And promotional value.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be attached to what is used required in embodiment
Figure is briefly described, it will be appreciated that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of scope, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be according to this
A little accompanying drawings obtain other related accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the ZmCOL3-A gene overexpression carrier schematic diagrames that experimental example 1 of the present invention is provided;
Fig. 2 is ZmCOL3-A gene relative expression levels' analysis charts in the transgenic corns that experimental example 2 of the present invention is provided;
Fig. 3 is the transgenic corns positive material and negative-type plant phenotype comparison diagram that experimental example 2 of the present invention is provided.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Method following to a kind of regulation and control crop economical character of the embodiment of the present invention and the method for obtaining genetically modified crops
It is specifically described.
A kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character, regulates and controls crop ZmCOL3 gene expressions, realizes regulation and control crops agronomy
Character.
Further, the base sequence of ZmCOL3 genes is as shown in SEQ ID No.1.
Further, the amino acid sequence of the protein of ZmCOL3 gene codes is as shown in SEQ ID No.2.
Further, ZmCOL3 genes include ZmCOL3 genome sequences, and the base sequence of ZmCOL3 genome sequences is such as
Shown in SEQ ID No.3.
Further, it is regulated to positive regulation.
By the expression of positive regulation gene, the purpose of regulation and control crops economical character is reached.
Further, economical character includes plant height, the number of blade and yield traits.
A kind of method for obtaining genetically modified crops, is connected to expression by ZmCOL3 genes or ZmCOL3 genome sequences and carries
Body, obtains conversion carrier, and conversion carrier is transferred into Host Strains, obtains converting Host Strains, then infects conversion Host Strains
Crops.
Further, Host Strains are Agrobacterium.
Further, crops are monocotyledon.
Further, monocotyledon is corn.
The feature and performance to the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of ZmCOL3 genes or the method and the structure of carrier of ZmCOL3 genome sequences clone.
By it is with genetic diversity, show in field experiment adaptability 368 parts of self-mating systems plant respectively in
Multiple different latitudes such as Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Chongqing, Henan, Hubei, Beijing and Jilin Province, the different sunshine-durations
Place;Three to six leaf phase of the self-mating system sample young leaflet tablet of different planting sites is gathered, and extracts genomic DNA, full genome is carried out
Group association analysis GWAS (Genome-wide association study).It was found that ZmCOL3 genome sequences and corn are opened
Florescence is related.
Clone obtains ZmCOL3 genome sequences, and the base sequence of ZmCOL3 genome sequences is as shown in SEQ ID No.3;
Obtain the coded sequence ZmCOL3 genes of ZmCOL3 genome sequences, the base sequence such as SEQ ID No.1 institutes of ZmCOL3 genes
Show;The amino acid sequence of the transcription factor of the domain containing CCT of ZmCOL3 gene codes is as shown in SEQ ID No.2.
The structure of ZmCOL3 gene overexpression carriers
1.1 artificial synthesized ZmCOL3 genome sequences (being named as ZmCOL3-A), and in ZmCOL3 genome sequences
Two ends introduce SacI and SpeI restriction enzyme sites;The ZmCOL3 genome sequences for being introduced into restriction enzyme site are cloned on pUC57 carriers,
Obtain pUC57::ZmCOL3-A recombinant vectors, by bacterium colony PCR and sequence verification, sequence is without mutation;
1.2 distinguish double digestion pUC57 with SacI and SpeI::ZmCOL3-A recombinant vectors and pCAMBIA3300-ZmUbi are carried
Body;And double digestion fragment is separately recovered;
1.3 connect the double digestion fragment reclaimed with ligase;Obtain the overexpression recombinant vector of ZmCOL3 genome sequences
pCAMBIA3300-ZmUbi::ZmCOL3-A vector plasmid.
It is overexpressed recombinant vector pCAMBIA3300-ZmUbi::ZmCOL3-A structural representation is referring to Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides the overexpression recombinant vector pCAMBIA3300-ZmUbi of ZmCOL3 genome sequences::
ZmCOL3-A genetic transformation.
It is overexpressed recombinant vector pCAMBIA3300-ZmUbi::ZmCOL3-A converts Agrobacterium and positive clone identification
1.1 take 200 μ L Agrobacterium competence, add 1-2 μ L DNAs, ice bath 30min, liquid nitrogen flash freezer 1min, 37 DEG C
Water;5min is bathed, 800 μ L YEP culture mediums are added;
1.2 under the conditions of 28 DEG C, 100rpm renewal cultivations 3h, 5 000g centrifugation 1min, abandon supernatant;
1.3 add 100 μ L YEP culture mediums;Thalline is resuspended, is coated on the YEP flat boards containing corresponding antibiotic, 28 DEG C, trains
Support 36-48h;
1.4 picking single bacteriums are fallen within 5mL YEP culture mediums (containing corresponding antibiotic), 28 DEG C, after 200rpm cultures 48h, are carried
DNA is taken, enters performing PCR and digestion verification.Verify that correct monoclonal carries out guarantor bacterium, for follow-up experiment.
Agrobacterium infects maize immature embryos and plant regeneration
2.1 take the Agrobacterium EHA105 thalline of the appropriate carrier containing purpose to be suspended in YEP fluid nutrient mediums, 28 DEG C, concussion
Culture, makes bacterium be in logarithmic phase;3000rpm centrifugations 10min abandons supernatant, and thalline is washed with N6 fluid nutrient mediums, and bacterium is collected by centrifugation
Body and with the N6 fluid nutrient medium suspension thallines containing 100mM acetosyringones, OD550 is 0.3 or so for adjustment;
2.2 peel off the HiII ratarias of 9-12 days after pollination, rataria diameter 1.5-2.0mm;Through induced synthesis embryo callus subculture group
Knit, embryo callus is dipped in thallus suspension liquid 5min, take out and drain bacterium solution;
Embryo callus is transferred to co-cultivation base by 2.3,28 DEG C of dark culturings 3 days;
Embryo callus is transferred on tranquillization culture medium after 2.4 3 days, 28 DEG C of dark culturings 7-10 days;
After 2.5 tranquillization cultures, embryo callus is transferred in the screening and culturing medium containing bialaphos, 28 DEG C of dark
Culture, every two weeks subculture once, until above filter out resistant calli;
Resistant calli is transferred to differential medium by 2.6, regeneration plant, then acclimatization and transplantses;4 are obtained successfully to turn
The transformation event (1-4,1-39,26-12 and 29-5) of change, then harvests seed.
When transgenic seedling length to the 7-8 piece leaves in crop field are transplanted, take blade to extract DNA, detected using round pcr,
The expression quantity for measuring ZmCOL3 genes is significantly improved.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment obtains transgenic corns material to embodiment 2 and carries out economical character investigation.
The investigation of transgenic corns material Agronomic characteristic such as plant height under the conditions of short-day
Winter in 2016 and spring in 2017, transgenic corns experiment material is sowed in Hainan Province.All experiments are abided by
Follow normal field mode of production unified management.All field tests follow normal Production of Large Fields mode and are managed collectively.The tune of plant height
Look into after corn seed maturation from plant highest fringe top to the distance on ground;Whole strain leaf after blade quantity investigation corn seed is ripe
Piece number, main superior lobe of ear leaf piece number and main inferior lobe of ear leaf piece number;Whole strain stipes number, main fringe position after stipes number investigation corn seed is ripe
Upper stipes number, the lower stipes number in main fringe position.
Referring to Fig. 2, block diagram represents ZmCOL3-A transfer-gen plants, and red block diagram represents non-transgenic reference;1-39、
1-4,26-12 and 29-5 represent independent positive transformants event;The randomly selected negative and positive individual plant of different transformation events turns
The horizontal testing result of record shows:ZmCOL3-A is stable to be imported in corn, and expression quantity is dramatically increased;Representational strain such as Fig. 3
It is shown;"+" represents ZmCOL3-A positive transformants events, and "-" represents non-transgenic reference;A figures are long-day conditions lower 2016
Strain when blooming under Gongzhuling of Jilin Province's field condition compares figure;B figures are the lower Gongzhuling of Jilin Province in 2016 of long-day conditions
Plant Post flowering plant height under field condition compares figure;C figures are the lower crop fields of Gongzhuling of Jilin Province in 2016 of long-day conditions
Under the conditions of tassel and female fringe compare figure;D figures are stipes numbers under the lower Gongzhuling of Jilin Province's field condition in 2016 of long-day conditions
Compare figure.Can clearly it find out from Fig. 3 d, plant height and the fringe position of the transgenic corns of ZmCOL3-A genes turn base apparently higher than non-
The control group of cause.
ZmCOL3-A be overexpressed transfer-gen plant ZmCOL3-A gene expression amounts to a certain extent with plant height, fringe position
Height is proportionate.
Transgenic corns are investigated with non-transgenic reference Agronomic characteristic under the conditions of the short-day of table 1
BC2F2 represent it is corresponding backcrossing 2 generations again the generation of selfing 2 obtain colony, BC3F1 represent backcrossing 3 generations again the generation of selfing 1 obtain
Obtain colony
As it can be seen from table 1 plant height under the conditions of Hainan Province's short-day of winter in 2016, on Ear height fringe under stem number and high fringe
The survey showed that for the Agronomic characteristics such as stem number:Under the conditions of short-day:ZmCOL3-A overexpression 1-4 transformation events compared to pair
According to, about 15 centimetres of plant height increase, about 12 centimetres of Ear height increase, stipes number (number of blade) increases about 0.5 under fringe;ZmCOL3-A
Overexpression 26-12 transformation events compare stipes number under control, about 17 centimetres of plant height increase, about 12 centimetres of fringes of Ear height increase
(number of blade) increases about 0.9.
The survey showed that for the Agronomic characteristic such as plant height under the conditions of Hainan Province's short-day of spring in 2017:Short-day condition
Under:ZmCOL3-A overexpression 1-39 transformation events, which are compared, to be compareed, about 4.5 centimetres of plant height increase, about 12 centimetres of Ear height increase,
Stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.3 under fringe;ZmCOL3-A overexpression 29-5 transformation events are compared to control, and plant height increase is about
14 centimetres, about 14 centimetres of Ear height increase, stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.8 under fringe.
As can be seen from Table 1;It is overexpressed ZmCOL3-A genes, transgenic corns plant height, Ear height under the conditions of short-day
Stem number increase under stem number and high fringe on fringe, both show clear and definite positive correlation.
The investigation of transgenic corns material Agronomic characteristic such as plant height under long-day conditions
All field experiment materials are sowed in city of Gongzhuling of Jilin Province within 2016.Sowing time is at the beginning of 5 months;All fields
Between experiment follow normal Production of Large Fields mode and be managed collectively.
The investigation of plant height:From plant highest fringe top to the distance on ground after corn seed is ripe;Blade quantity is investigated:It is beautiful
The whole strain number of blade, main superior lobe of ear leaf piece number and main inferior lobe of ear leaf piece number after rice seed maturity;Stipes number investigation corn seed is ripe
Whole strain stipes number, the upper stipes number in main fringe position, the lower stipes number in main fringe position afterwards;Correlated Yield Characters enter according to normal crop field testing standard
OK.
The economical character investigation result of transgenic corns is shown in Table 2 under long-day conditions.
Transgenic corns Agronomic characteristic investigation result under the long-day conditions of table 2
BC1F1 represent it is corresponding backcrossing 1 generation again the generation of selfing 1 obtain colony, BC3F1 represent backcrossing 3 generations again the generation of selfing 1 obtain
Obtain colony
From the results shown in Table 2, under long-day conditions:ZmCOL3-A overexpression 1-39 transformation event BC1F1 generation
In generation, is compared to control, about 11 centimetres of plant height increase, about 23 centimetres of Ear height increase, stipes number (number of blade) increase about 1.2 under fringe;
ZmCOL3-A overexpression 29-5 transformation events are compared to control, about 14 centimetres of plant height increase, about 14 centimetres of Ear height increase, under fringe
Stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.8, and stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.6 under total fringe;ZmCOL3-A overexpressions 1-
39 transformation event BC2F1 are from generation to generation compared to control, about 23 centimetres of plant height increase, about 13 centimetres of Ear height increase, stipes number (leaf under fringe
Piece number) increase about 0.9, stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.4 under total fringe;ZmCOL3-A overexpression 1-4 transformation events
Compared to control, about 30 centimetres of plant height increase, about 20 centimetres of Ear height increase, stipes number (number of blade) increase about 1, total fringe under fringe
Lower stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.5;ZmCOL3-A overexpression 26-12 transformation events are compared to control, and plant height increase is about
16 centimetres, about 16.5 centimetres of Ear height increase, stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.1, stipes number (blade under total fringe under fringe
Number) increase about 1.5;ZmCOL3-A overexpression 29-5 transformation events increase compared to control, about 23 centimetres of plant height increase, Ear height
Plus about 18 centimetres, stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.1 under fringe, and stipes number (number of blade) increases about 1.1 under total fringe.
The field investigation of transgenic corns Correlated Yield Characters
The Correlated Yield Characters of transgenic corns are included per fringe cob weight (g), per Ear weight (g), 100-grain weight (g), unit weight
(g/L), spike length (cm), fringe diameter (mm), tassel row number, row grain number, cob diameter (mm), grain length (mm), grain wide (mm) and grain are thick
(mm) etc..
Yield traits field investigation the results are shown in Table 3.
The yield traits investigation result of the transgenic corns of table 3
From table 3 it can be seen that ZmCOL3-A overexpression 1-39 transformation events are compared to control, per fringe cob weight (g), per fringe
Grain weight (g), 100-grain weight (g), unit weight (g/L), fringe diameter (mm), grain length (mm) Isoquant character substantially increase;ZmCOL3-A mistakes
Amount expression 1-4 transformation events are compared to control, per fringe cob weight (g), per Ear weight (g), unit weight (g/L), spike length (mm) Isoquant
Character substantially increases;ZmCOL3-A overexpression 26-12 transformation events compare control, per fringe cob weight (g), per Ear weight (g),
Unit weight (g/L), spike length (mm), row grain number Isoquant character substantially increase.
As can be seen from Table 3;ZmCOL3-A genes are overexpressed, the Correlated Yield Characters of transgenic corns have to a certain degree
Raising, both show clear and definite positive correlation.
In summary, ZmCOL3-A genes provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in the case of overexpression, can improve corn
The economical characters such as plant height, Ear height, can increase the yield of biomass of corn to a certain extent;ZmCOL3-A is overexpressed simultaneously
Gene can also improve the yield traits of corn, because the yield of yield traits and corn is closely related, so what the present invention was provided
ZmCOL3-A genes have higher practicality and higher application value.
Embodiments described above is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.The reality of the present invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Sequence table
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110>Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science
<120>A kind of transcription factor containing CCT domains and its encoding gene, carrier, Host Strains and application
<160> 3
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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50 55 60
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Thr Cys Arg Ala Asp Ala Ala Ala Leu Cys Ala Ala Cys Asp Ala Asp
85 90 95
Ile His Ser Ala Asn Pro Leu Ala Arg Arg His Glu Arg Leu Pro Val
100 105 110
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115 120 125
Pro Ala Phe Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Glu Ala Pro Ala Gln Gly Glu
130 135 140
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Arg Cys Met Asp Gly Val Lys Ala Ile Gly Val Pro Val Ala Pro Pro
195 200 205
Glu Leu Asp Ile Gly Ala Gly Ser Phe Cys Tyr Pro Glu His Ser Met
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290 295 300
Glu Asp Glu Ala Leu Glu His Glu Glu Gly Ala Cys Phe Ser Pro Thr
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aacccgctcg cgcgccgcca cgagcgcctc cccgtcgccc ctctcttcgg cgcgctcgcg 360
gacgcgccgc agcccttccc gtccccggcc ttcgctgccg ccgcgggggc cgaggcccca 420
gctcaggggg aagcggtggc ggaagactac gggagcagcg aggccgaggc ggcgtcgtgg 480
ctgctccccg agcccgacaa cagccacgag gacagcgccg ccgacacgtt cttcgcggag 540
tcggacgcgt acctcggcgc cgacctcgac ttcgcccggt gcatggacgg cgtcaaggcc 600
atcggcgtgc cggtcgcgcc gcccgagctg gacatcggtg ccggcagctt ttgctacccc 660
gaacactcca tgaaccacat tgtaagccgt acttttaata gtatatccgg gatcctcctc 720
acggacagat cacagaggtt ggatgatggt gataacgtag acgcctttca atccctcctt 780
attgcagttg tcgtcatcct cggaggtggc ggtggtaccg gacgcgcagg cggccggcct 840
gccggtggtg gtggtggtga gcagagggga ggagcgggag gcgcggctga tgcggtaccg 900
tga 903
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of regulation and control crop economical character, it is characterised in that regulation and control crop ZmCOL3 gene expressions.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the base sequence of the ZmCOL3 genes such as SEQ ID
Shown in No.1.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the amino acid sequence of the protein of the ZmCOL3 gene codes
Row are as shown in SEQ ID No.2.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ZmCOL3 genes include ZmCOL3 genome sequences,
The base sequence of the ZmCOL3 genome sequences is as shown in SEQ ID No.3.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described to be regulated to positive regulation.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the economical character includes plant height, the number of blade and yield
Shape.
7. a kind of method for obtaining genetically modified crops, it is characterised in that including:By the ZmCOL3 genes or ZmCOL3 genomes
Sequence is connected to expression vector, obtains conversion carrier, and the conversion carrier is transferred into Host Strains, obtains converting Host Strains,
Then by the conversion Host Strains infection crops.
8. the method according to claim 7 for obtaining genetically modified crops, it is characterised in that the Host Strains are Agrobacterium.
9. the method according to claim 7 for obtaining genetically modified crops, it is characterised in that the crops are planted for unifacial leaf
Thing.
10. the method according to claim 9 for obtaining genetically modified crops, it is characterised in that the monocotyledon is jade
Rice.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108531506A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-14 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | It is a kind of regulation and control crop plant type structure method and obtain the compact crop of plant type method |
CN109576301A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | ZmCOL3 gene and its albumen are improving the application in the anti-stem rot of target plant |
-
2017
- 2017-08-07 CN CN201710668437.6A patent/CN107267552A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
NCBI: "NCBI Reference Sequence:NM_001154207.2", 《NCBI》 * |
杨爽: ""玉米光周期敏感相关基因ZmCOL的克隆及功能验证", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》 * |
谭俊杰: "水稻CONSTANS-like基因OsCOL10作用于光周期开花途径的分子遗传与生化分析", 《中国博士学位论文全文库 农业科技辑》 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108531506A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-14 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | It is a kind of regulation and control crop plant type structure method and obtain the compact crop of plant type method |
CN108531506B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling plant type structure of crop and method for obtaining compact plant type crop |
CN109576301A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | ZmCOL3 gene and its albumen are improving the application in the anti-stem rot of target plant |
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