CN107265802A - 一种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统及处理方法 - Google Patents
一种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统及处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107265802A CN107265802A CN201710561172.XA CN201710561172A CN107265802A CN 107265802 A CN107265802 A CN 107265802A CN 201710561172 A CN201710561172 A CN 201710561172A CN 107265802 A CN107265802 A CN 107265802A
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
本发明提供一种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统及处理方法，系统由捞渣池、格栅、调节池、固液分离机、水解酸化池、UASB池、缺氧池、厌氧池、好氧池、二沉池、消毒池等单元连接组成；本发明充分考虑了奶牛养殖场粪污的处理难点，采用水解酸化—UASB池—A\A\O(缺氧‑厌氧‑好氧)—沉淀的组合工艺该方法遵循循环经济原理和理念，即能够高效处理高浓度有机废水和牛粪中含有的大量未被消化的纤维，又能够回收沼气，降低了粪污处理的投资成本和运行成本，同时尽可能将奶牛场粪污经济化地进行无害化处理，可以很好地满足奶牛养殖场场粪污水处理的需要。
Description
一种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统及处理方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及粪污处理技术，具体涉及一种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统及处理方 法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着养殖规模的不断扩大，集约化奶牛养殖场数量的增加，规模化奶牛场粪污造 成的环境污染问题，正引起社会的广泛关注。
[0003] 现代化规模化养殖，会产生大量的废水和粪污，养殖业废水属于富含大量病原体 的高浓度有机废水，直接排放进入水体或存放地点不合适，受雨水冲洗进入水体，将可能造 成地表水或地下水水质的严重恶化。
[0004] 奶牛养殖厂的粪污水属于难处理高浓度有机废水，CODcr (化学需氧量）、B0D5 (生 化需氧量）的指数很高，氨氮、SS (固体悬浮物）的含量也很高，而牛粪中含有的大量未被消 化的纤维的处理也是该类废水处理的难点。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的是针对奶牛养殖场粪污产排特点和存在问题，设计一种奶牛养殖场 的粪污处理系统及处理方法，使其遵循循环经济原理和理念，尽可能将奶牛场粪污经济化 地进行无害化处理，在牛一农田生态子系统内形成循环利用，减少对环境的扰动和破坏。
[0006] 本发明的技术方案是：
[0007] —种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，包括
[0008] 捞渣池，所述捞渣池安装在格栅前，用于清理粪污中的杂物；
[0009] 格栅，所述格栅安装在调节池前，以用于过滤大块固体粪便；
[0010] 调节池，所述调节池与格栅相连，调节池内安装有一搅拌器，用于将池底沉淀的粗 纤维、粪便与水混合，达到固液分离的有效浓度；
[0011] 固液分离机，所述固液分离机与调节池的出水口相连，以用于分离包含粗纤维的 固体残渣和液体；
[0012] 水解酸化池，所述水解酸化池与固液分离机的出水口相连，以用于将污水中大的 有机分子分解成易降解的小的有机分子；
[0013] UASB池，所述UASB池与水解酸化池的出水口相连，以用于处理高浓度的有机废水；
[0014] 缺氧池，所述缺氧池与UASB池出水口相连，以用于进行反硝化作用；
[0015] 厌氧池，所述厌氧池与缺氧池出水口相连，以用于进行厌氧反应，降低污水中的有 机物含量；
[0016] 好氧池，所述好氧池与厌氧池出水口相连，以用于进行好氧反应；
[0017] 二沉池，所述二沉池与好氧池出水口相连，以用于进行泥水分离和污泥浓缩；
[0018] 消毒池，所述消毒池通过一污泥池与二沉池相连，以用于进行消毒处理。。
[0019] 进一步的，所述UASB池的反应器上部还设有三相分离器，用以分离废气、污水和污 泥颗粒，废气自反应器顶部导出进入沼气收集系统。
[0020] 进一步的，所述的沼气收集系统包括:所述的沼气收集系统包括:储气柜、气液分 离器、脱硫塔和加压栗，所述储气柜与UASB反应器顶部出气口相连，储气柜出气口与气液分 离器、脱硫塔通过管道依次连接，所述加压栗安装在脱硫塔的出气口。
[0021] 进一步的，所述储气柜的入口处设置有一个水封罐，防止沼气倒流。
[0022] 进一步的，所述缺氧池和好氧池均安装用于调节氧气含量的曝气系统。
[0023] 进一步的，所述厌氧池和好氧池均安装立体填料。
[0024] 进一步的，所述消毒池出口还与一生物净化池相连，生物净化池中含有狐尾藻，能 够对水质进行进一步的净化。
[0025] 进一步的，所述调节池与固液分离机连接管道中间安装有第一栗体，所述水解酸 化池与UASB池连接管道中间安装有第二栗体，均用于输送液体。
[0026] 采用该系统的粪污处理方法包括以下步骤：
[0027] 1)养殖粪污进入捞渣池，在池中清理粪污中的杂物；
[0028] 2)清理过杂物的粪污经格栅过滤后进入调节池；
[0029] 3)调节池中的搅拌器将池底沉淀的粗纤维、粪便与水混合，达到固液分离的有效 浓度，混合物由第一栗体提升至固液分离机，分离出的带有粗纤维的固体粪渣采用堆肥处 理，分离后的污水进入水解酸化池，将污水中大的有机分子分解成易降解的小的有机分子；
[0030] 4)水解酸化池中的污水由第二栗体提升至UASB池，处理污水中的有机污染物；
[0031] 5)经UASB池处理的污水自流进入缺氧池，进行反硝化作用，经缺氧池处理的污水 自流进入厌氧池进行厌氧反应，降低污水中的有机物含量，厌氧池的出水进入好氧池进行 好氧反应；
[0032] 6)经好氧池处理的污水进入二沉池，分离出的水进入消毒池经消毒处理；
[0033] 进一步的，所述步骤4)中UASB池厌氧反应产成的废气通过三相分离器进入沼气收 集系统，首先通过一水封罐进入储气柜，储气柜与气液分离器相连，分离后的气体进入脱硫 塔进行脱硫处理，脱硫后的沼气，经过加压栗进入沼气管道。
[0034] 本发明的有益效果和积极作用：
[0035] 1.本发明充分考虑了奶牛养殖场粪污的处理难点，采用水解酸化一UASB池一A\A\ 〇 (缺氧-厌氧-好氧)一沉淀的组合工艺，即能够高效处理高浓度有机废水和牛粪中含有的 大量未被消化的纤维，又能够回收沼气，降低了粪污处理的投资成本和运行成本。
[0036] 2.在调节池进水口前设置搅拌器，能够牛粪充分打散，将粗纤维从粪便中分离出 来。
[0037] 3.本发明厌氧部分采用UASB工艺，具有以下优点：
[0038] a.应用广泛，特别是对于高浓度有机废水，有机物的去除效率更高，效果更好。
[0039] b.能耗低，只需保证废水适宜的温度以及有机物浓度达到一定浓度后，就能把有 机物转化为大量的沼气，从而去除水中的有机物。
[0040] c.剩余污泥量少，且其浓缩性、脱水性良好，排出的剩余污泥，只需经过简单堆肥 的处理后，就可以作为肥料利用。
[0041] 4.后段处理工艺通过使缺氧池和厌氧池的倒置，形成新型Α\Α\0(缺氧-厌氧-好 氧），既能保证出水水质的稳定，又能提高脱氮除磷的效率。
[0042] 5.沼气收集装置中气液分离器入口前、储气柜进气口和出气口各设置有一个水封 罐，能够有效防止沼气倒流。
[0043] 6.通过本发明方法处理的粪污水，CODcr，B0D5，SS，NH3-N这几项污染物指标降低 效果显著，都能够达到或超过国家排放标准。
[0044] 7.该方法可有效改善养殖场及周边的环境卫生，为发展清洁养殖提供了保障。
[0045] 8.该系统可实现半自动化运行，运行维护简单，整个系统的运行仅需要兼职操作 即可，不需要安排固定人员。
附图说明
[0046] 图1为本发明奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统流程图。
[0047] 图2为本发明中沼气收集系统的流程图。
具体实施方式
[0048] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
[0049] —种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，包括：
[0050] 捞渣池1，所述捞渣池安装在格栅2前，用于清理粪污中的杂物;格栅2,所述格栅2 安装在调节池3前，以用于过滤大块固体粪便，调节池3内安装有一搅拌器，用于将池底沉淀 的粗纤维、粪便与水混合，达到固液分离的有效浓度;调节池3出水口与固液分离机4通过第 一栗体21连通，固液分离机4用于分离包含粗纤维的固体残渣和液体；固液分离机4出水口 与水解酸化池5连通，水解酸化池5将污水中大的有机分子分解成易降解的小的有机分子， 提高废水的可生化性;水解酸化池5通过第二栗体51与UASB池7连通，UASB池7用于处理高浓 度的有机废水。
[0051] 在UASB池7的反应器上部还设有三相分离器，用以分离废气、处理后的污水和污泥 颗粒，废气自反应器顶部导出，进入沼气收集系统6;沼气收集系统6包括:储气柜61、气液分 离器(62)、脱硫塔63和加压栗64，所述储气柜61与UASB7反应器顶部出气口相连，储气柜61 出气口与气液分离器62、脱硫塔63通过管道依次连接，所述加压栗64安装在脱硫塔63的出 气口。
[0052] UASB池7与缺氧池8中间还设置有二次发酵池，用于将UASB池7中未完全反应的废 水继续进行发酵反应产生沼气，缺氧池8、厌氧池9、好氧池10依次相连，缺氧池8用于进行反 硝化作用，厌氧池9用于进行厌氧反应，好氧池10用于进行好氧反应，其中缺氧池8和好氧池 10均安装用于调节氧气含量的曝气系统，厌氧池9和好氧池10均安装立体填料，其中，立体 填料优选实施例为立体弹性填料，但不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围，任何能使气、 水、生物膜得到混渗接触交换的立体填料均适用于本发明；好氧池10出水口与二沉池11相 连，二沉池11用于进行泥水分离和污泥浓缩;二沉池11出水口通过一污泥池与消毒池12相 连，消毒池12用于进行消毒处理;消毒池12出口还与一生物净化池13相连，生物净化池13中 含有狐尾藻，能够对水质进行进一步的净化。
[0053] 一种应用上述系统的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理方法，其步骤包括：
[0054] 1)奶牛养殖场的粪污首先进入捞渣池1，在池中清理粪污中的杂物，粪污经格栅2 过滤后进入调节池3,调节池3中的搅拌器将池底沉淀的粗纤维、粪便与水混合，达到固液分 离的有效浓度；
[0055] 2)调节池3中的混合物由第一栗体21提升至固液分离机4,分离出的带有粗纤维的 固体粪渣采用堆肥处理，分离后的污水进入水解酸化池5,将污水中大的有机分子分解成易 降解的小的有机分子，提高废水的可生化性，便于废水在沼气池中充分发酵，提高产气率的 同时其污染物处理效率也得到大幅度提高；
[0056] 3)水解酸化池5中的污水由第二栗体51提升至UASB池7，UASB池7的反应器负荷能 力很大，适合用于处理高浓度的有机废水，UASB池7有很高的有机污染物去除率，不需要搅 拌，能适应较大幅度的负荷冲击、温度和pH变化，在UASB池7的反应器上部还设有三相分离 器，用以分离废气、处理后的污水和污泥颗粒，废气自反应器顶部导出，进入沼气收集系统 6，污泥颗粒自动滑落沉降至反应器底部的污泥床，处理后的污水从澄清区出水；
[0057] 其中，UASB池7处理粪污水后生成的废气通过三相分离器从反应器顶部导出，进入 沼气收集系统，首先通过一水封罐进入储气柜61，储气柜61与气液分离器62相连，分离后的 气体进入脱硫塔63进行脱硫处理，脱硫后的沼气，经过加压栗64进入沼气管道，部分沼气可 以用于冬天气温低时给UASB池中的发酵罐加热。
[0058] 4)经UASB池7处理的污水自流进入缺氧池8，缺氧池8的作用是进行反硝化作用以 去除水中的氨氮，反硝化菌利用缺氧池8中回流液中的硝酸盐以及废水中的有机基质进行 反硝化，N03-的含量急剧下降，同时BOD和COD指标也有所下降，经过缺氧池8的反硝化处理 后，水中的氨氮能有效去除;缺氧池8的出水自流进入厌氧池9，厌氧池9的作用:一是调节作 用，调节进入后续生化系统的水质，二是将有机物分解为有机酸等小分子物质，提高废水的 可生化性;厌氧池9的出水自流进入好氧池10进行好氧反应，好氧生物在有氧的情况下，借 助好氧微生物的作用进行污水处理;其中，缺氧池8和好氧池10均安装曝气系统，控制曝气 量根据不同的水质情况实现整个工艺的灵活运行;厌氧池9和好氧池10均安装立体填料，提 高容积负荷，强化对有机物的处理；
[0059] 5)经好氧池10处理的污水进入二沉池11，二沉池11用于进行泥水分离，二沉池11 通过一污泥池与消毒池12相连，分离出的污泥由污泥池回收进入调节池3,分离出的液体进 入消毒池12进行消毒处理，消毒池12出口还与一生物净化池13相连，生物净化池13中含有 狐尾藻，能够对水质进行进一步的净化，净化后的水可以用于绿化或农田灌溉。
[0060] 经过本发明处理后的污水中污染物去除率如下表1所示：
[0061] 表1污染物去除率分析表
[0062]
[0063]由表1可得出，经过本发明处理后的奶牛养殖场的粪污水完全达到或超过国家排 放标准，同时结合实施例，说明利用本发明的系统及方法可以很好地满足奶牛养殖场场粪 污水处理的需要。
[0064]以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例， 不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等， 均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (10)
1. 一种奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:包括 捞渣池（1)，所述捞渣池⑴安装在格栅⑵前，用于清理粪污中的杂物； 格栅(2)，所述格栅⑵安装在调节池⑶前，以用于过滤大块固体粪便； 调节池(3)，所述调节池(3)与格栅(2)相连，调节池(3)内安装有一搅拌器，用于将池底 沉淀的粗纤维、粪便与水混合，达到固液分离的有效浓度； 固液分离机⑷，所述固液分离机(4)与调节池(3)的出水口相连，以用于分离包含粗纤 维的固体残渣和液体； 水解酸化池(5)，所述水解酸化池⑸与固液分离机⑷的出水口相连，以用于将污水中 大的有机分子分解成易降解的小的有机分子； UASB池(7)，所述UASB池⑺与水解酸化池⑸的出水口相连，以用于处理高浓度的有机 废水； 缺氧池⑻，所述缺氧池⑻与UASB池⑺出水口相连， 以用于进行反硝化作用； 厌氧池(9)，所述厌氧池(9)与缺氧池（8)出水口相连，以用于进行厌氧反应，降低污水 中的有机物含量； 好氧池（10)，所述好氧池（10)与厌氧池⑼出水口相连，以用于进行好氧反应； 二沉池（11)，所述二沉池（11)与好氧池（10)出水口相连，以用于进行泥水分离和污泥 浓缩； 消毒池（12)，所述消毒池（12)通过一污泥池与二沉池（11)相连，以用于进行消毒处理。
2. 如权利要求1所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述UASB池(7)的反 应器上部还设有三相分离器，用以分离废气、污水和污泥颗粒，废气自反应器顶部导出进入 沼气收集系统(6)。
3. 如权利要求2所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述的沼气收集系统 ⑹包括:储气柜(61)、气液分离器(62)、脱硫塔(63)和加压栗(64)，所述储气柜(61)与UASB (7)反应器顶部出气口相连，储气柜(61)出气口与气液分离器(62)、脱硫塔(63)通过管道依 次连接，所述加压栗(64)安装在脱硫塔(63)的出气口。
4. 如权利要求3所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述储气柜(61)的入 口处设置有一个水封罐，防止沼气倒流。
5. 如权利要求1所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述缺氧池(8)和好 氧池(10)均安装用于调节氧气含量的曝气系统。
6. 如权利要求1所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述厌氧池(9)和好 氧池(10)均安装立体填料。
7. 如权利要求1所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述消毒池（12)出口 还与一生物净化池（13)相连，生物净化池（13)中含有狐尾藻，能够对水质进行进一步的净 化。
8. 如权利要求7所述的奶牛养殖场的粪污处理系统，其特征在于:所述调节池（3)与固 液分离机(4)连接管道中间安装有第一栗体(21)，所述水解酸化池(5)与UASB池(7)连接管 道中间安装有第二栗体(51)，所述第一、第二栗体均用于在装置之间输送液体。
9. 一种应用权利要求1-8任一所述粪污处理系统的粪污处理方法，其特征在于:包括以 下步骤 1) 养殖粪污进入捞渣池（I)，在池中清理粪污中的杂物； 2) 清理过杂物的粪污经格栅⑵过滤后进入调节池(3); 3) 调节池⑶中的搅拌器将池底沉淀的粗纤维、粪便与水混合，达到固液分离的有效浓 度，混合物由第一栗体(21)提升至固液分离机⑷，分离出的带有粗纤维的固体粪渣采用堆 肥处理，分离后的污水进入水解酸化池(5)，将污水中大的有机分子分解成易降解的小的有 机分子； 4) 水解酸化池(5)中的污水由第二栗体(51)提升至UASB池(7)，处理污水中的有机污染 物； 5) 经UASB池⑺处理的污水自流进入缺氧池(8)，进行反硝化作用，经缺氧池⑻处理的 污水自流进入厌氧池(9)进行厌氧反应，降低污水中的有机物含量，厌氧池(9)的出水进入 好氧池(10)进行好氧反应； 6) 经好氧池（10)处理的污水进入二沉池（11)，分离出的水通过一污泥池进入消毒池 (12)经消毒处理。
10.如权利要求9所述的粪污处理方法，其特征在于:所述步骤4)中UASB池(7)厌氧反应 产成的废气通过三相分离器进入沼气收集系统(6)，首先通过一水封罐进入储气柜(61)，储 气柜(61)与气液分离器(62)相连，分离后的气体进入脱硫塔(63)进行脱硫处理，脱硫后的 沼气，经过加压栗(64)进入沼气管道。
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