CN107261868B - 一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜,其制备首先以乙二胺与丙烯酸甲酯为原料合成了端基为四个胺基的树枝状大分子,然后利用胺基与滤纸纤维表面羟基反应,得到负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜;之后以2‑巯基丙酸作为链转移剂,参加N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺的聚合反应,制备得到聚N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物,其末端羧酸基团在脱水剂作用下与树枝状大分子的胺基反应,在纸基表面引入温敏性聚合物,得到温敏型滤膜。本发明滤膜表面的温敏聚合物聚N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺的水溶液在31℃‑33℃附近存在着亲水/疏水的转变,在实现在外界环境刺激下,实现对蛋白质、油水相等的有效分离。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及膜分离技术领域,具体涉及一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着膜技术的不断发展,膜不再是传统意义上不能响应环境变化的材料,而是已经从大众化向智能化、功能化的方向发展。这类分离膜会随外界环境(如:pH值、电场/磁场、温度、化学物质、光及压力等)的变化而变化,通过自主的调节其分离透过性能,表现出智能性,从而可以适应复杂的分离环境。因而,这类分离膜也常常被称为智能膜,其结构可以随着外界刺激的变化而可逆的变化,导致膜的性能如亲疏水性、膜孔径大小的改变,从而使膜的通量得到控制,膜的选择性得到提高。
张净、张晓云等人在其《纤维素基杂化材料的制备及其温敏性能研究》一文中,通过浓硫酸预处理法得到纳米纤维素悬浮液,利用静电吸附法制备出了高比表面积的纳米纤维素-二氧化硅核-壳杂化材料,并利用原子转移自由基聚合反应制备出了具有温敏效应的纳米纤维素温敏材料,但其对外界温度的敏感性不高。
与传统的线型温敏聚合物相比,目前新兴的具有紧密球形或类球形结构的树形温敏高分子和超支化温敏聚合物的低临界溶解温度对自身结构和外界环境的变化更敏感。因此,可以预期树形温敏高分子和超支化温敏聚合物可以填补或改进线型温敏聚合物的不足。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜及其制备方法,实现对蛋白质、油水相等的有效分离。
一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜,其制备首先以乙二胺与丙烯酸甲酯为原料合成了端基为四个胺基的树枝状大分子,然后利用胺基与滤纸纤维表面羟基反应,得到负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜;之后以2-巯基丙酸作为链转移剂,参加N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的聚合反应,制备得到聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物,其末端羧酸基团在脱水剂作用下与树枝状大分子的胺基反应,在纸基表面引入温敏性聚合物,得到温敏型滤膜。
具体步骤如下:
(1)端胺基树枝状大分子的合成:
①、将1-4重量份乙二胺加入到带有磁力搅拌子、回流冷凝管和温度计的三颈瓶中,以乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯摩尔比为1:8的量加入丙烯酸甲酯以及9-18份甲醇,搅拌混合均匀,于20-30℃下搅拌反应5-7小时,减压蒸馏,得到淡黄色液体;
②、将上述淡黄色液体中与12-21份甲醇、23-32份乙二胺依次加入到三颈瓶中,搅拌混合均匀,于20-30℃下搅拌反应20-26小时,减压蒸馏,得淡黄色透明粘稠状液体产物;
(2)将滤纸基膜用去离子水浸泡、清洗后干燥,剪裁成适宜尺寸,置于相应尺寸的布氏砂心漏斗,将上述端胺基树枝状大分子用少量去离子水稀释后缓慢滴加到布氏砂芯漏斗中,保持5-10分钟,然后用真空泵抽滤,时间为3-8分钟,如此反复循环7-10次,将滤纸基膜取出,室温干燥,得到负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜;
(3)聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物的制备:
三颈瓶中加入20-50份甲醇,在氮气保护下升温至60-70℃,缓慢加入5-7份N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、0.01-0.2份偶氮二异丁腈与0.8-2份2-巯基丙酸,继续通入氮气,并在60-70℃持续搅拌20-24小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,混合物用丙酮溶解,滴加正己烷重结晶,过滤,将固体产物在35-45℃真空干燥,制得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物;
(4)将上述聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物溶于去离子水中,再依次加入0.6-1.5份二环己基碳化二亚胺、0.002-0.02份四甲基乙二胺,搅拌混合均匀后,加入到步骤(2)负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜上,使滤纸基膜完全浸湿,室温静置2-4天,反应结束后用蒸馏水浸泡、洗涤所得滤纸基膜,真空干燥,即得。
其中,所述步骤(2)中滤纸基膜剪裁尺寸为直径为11厘米的圆形,使用的布氏砂心漏斗尺寸为直径11厘米。
其中,所述步骤(4)中聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物溶于去离子水中,配制其浓度为40-60%。
其中,所述步骤(4)中真空干燥条件为温度30-40℃,时间为4-12小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明以2-巯基丙酸作为链转移剂,参加N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的聚合反应,制备得到聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物,其末端羧酸基团在脱水剂作用下与树枝状大分子的胺基反应,得到温敏型纸基滤膜,在滤膜表面引入树形大分子,可起到交联剂作用,提高了温敏聚合物聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在滤纸表面的接枝率,结合树形大分子和温敏聚合物的优良性能,提高滤膜对温度的敏感性。
(2)本发明聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺分子中既有亲水基团(酰胺基团)又有疏水基团(异丙基基团),这种特殊的分子结构使得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水溶液在31℃-33℃附近存在着亲水/疏水的转变,从而实现了在外界环境刺激下,有效改变滤膜孔径,改变膜的分离和渗透性能,实现对蛋白质、油水相等的有效分离。
具体实施方式
一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜,其制备首先以乙二胺与丙烯酸甲酯为原料合成了端基为四个胺基的树枝状大分子,然后利用胺基与滤纸纤维表面羟基反应,得到负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜;之后以2-巯基丙酸作为链转移剂,参加N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的聚合反应,制备得到聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物,其末端羧酸基团在脱水剂作用下与树枝状大分子的胺基反应,在纸基表面引入温敏性聚合物,得到温敏型滤膜。
具体步骤如下:
(1)端胺基树枝状大分子的合成:
①、将3重量份乙二胺加入到带有磁力搅拌子、回流冷凝管和温度计的三颈瓶中,以乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯摩尔比为1:8的量加入丙烯酸甲酯以及14份甲醇,搅拌混合均匀,于25℃下搅拌反应6小时,减压蒸馏,得到淡黄色液体;
②、将上述淡黄色液体中与15份甲醇、26份乙二胺依次加入到三颈瓶中,搅拌混合均匀,于25℃下搅拌反应24小时,减压蒸馏,得淡黄色透明粘稠状液体产物;
(2)将滤纸基膜用去离子水浸泡、清洗后干燥,剪裁成适宜尺寸,置于相应尺寸的布氏砂心漏斗,将上述端胺基树枝状大分子用少量去离子水稀释后缓慢滴加到布氏砂芯漏斗中,保持8分钟,然后用真空泵抽滤,时间为5分钟,如此反复循环8次,将滤纸基膜取出,室温干燥,得到负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜;
(3)聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物的制备:
三颈瓶中加入30份甲醇,在氮气保护下升温至65℃,缓慢加入6份N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、0.1份偶氮二异丁腈与1份2-巯基丙酸,继续通入氮气,并在65℃持续搅拌24小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,混合物用丙酮溶解,滴加正己烷重结晶,过滤,将固体产物在40℃真空干燥,制得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物;
(4)将上述聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物溶于去离子水中,再依次加入1份二环己基碳化二亚胺、0.01份四甲基乙二胺,搅拌混合均匀后,加入到步骤(2)负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜上,使滤纸基膜完全浸湿,室温静置3天,反应结束后用蒸馏水浸泡、洗涤所得滤纸基膜,真空干燥,即得。
其中,所述步骤(2)中滤纸基膜剪裁尺寸为直径为11厘米的圆形,使用的布氏砂心漏斗尺寸为直径11厘米。
其中,所述步骤(4)中聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物溶于去离子水中,配制其浓度为60%。
其中,所述步骤(4)中真空干燥条件为温度35℃,时间为8小时。
Claims (1)
1.一种温敏型两亲性聚合物改性纸基滤膜的制备方法,其特 征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)端胺基树枝状大分子的合成:①、将1-4重量份乙二胺加入到带有磁力搅拌子、回流冷凝管和温度计的三颈瓶中,以 乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯摩尔比为1:8的量加入丙烯酸甲酯以及9-18份甲醇,搅拌混合均匀,于 20-30℃下搅拌反应5-7小时,减压蒸馏,得到淡黄色液体;②、将上述淡黄色液体与12-21份甲醇、23-32份乙二胺依次加入到三颈瓶中,搅拌混 合均匀,于20-30℃下搅拌反应20-26小时,减压蒸馏,得淡黄色透明粘稠状液体产物;
(2)将滤纸基膜用去离子水浸泡、清洗后干燥,剪裁成适宜尺寸,置于相应尺寸的布氏砂心漏斗,将上述端胺基树枝状大分子用少量去离子水稀释后缓慢滴加到布氏砂芯漏斗中,保持5-10分钟,然后用真空泵抽滤,时间为3-8分钟,如此反复循环7-10次,将滤纸基膜取出,室温干燥,得到负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜;
(3)聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物的制备:三颈瓶中加入20-50份甲醇,在氮气保护下升温至60-70℃,缓慢加入5-7份N-异丙基丙 烯酰胺、0.01-0.2份偶氮二异丁腈与0.8-2份2-巯基丙酸,继续通入氮气,并在60-70℃持续 搅拌20-24小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,混合物用丙酮溶解,滴加正己烷重结晶,过滤,将固体 产物在35-45℃真空干燥,制得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物;
(4)将上述聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物溶于去离子水中,再依次加入0.6-1.5份二环己基碳化二亚胺、0.002-0.02份四甲基乙二胺,搅拌混合均匀后,加入到步骤(2)负载有树枝状大分子的滤纸基膜上,使滤纸基膜完全浸湿,室温静置2-4天,反应结束后用蒸馏水浸泡、洗涤所得滤纸基膜,真空干燥,即得;
所述步骤(2)中滤纸基膜剪裁尺寸为直径为11厘米的圆形,使用的布氏砂心漏斗尺 寸为直径11厘米;
所述步骤(4)中聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺羧酸衍生物溶于去离子水中,配制其浓度为 40-60%;
所述步骤(4)中真空干燥条件为温度30-40℃,时间为4-12小时。
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