CN107260679B - 用以减少眼用类固醇的并发症的药物组合物 - Google Patents
用以减少眼用类固醇的并发症的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107260679B CN107260679B CN201710573136.5A CN201710573136A CN107260679B CN 107260679 B CN107260679 B CN 107260679B CN 201710573136 A CN201710573136 A CN 201710573136A CN 107260679 B CN107260679 B CN 107260679B
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Abstract
本发明是关于包含下列各项的组合的药物组合物:包含一种或多种磷脂且含有或不含胆固醇的脂质混合物,以及包含眼用类固醇、其衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐或其前药的类固醇溶液,所述磷脂选自DOPC以及DOPG,其中该药物组合物中磷脂的总量是每50μL的药物组合物大约0.1μmol至低于大约2.5μmol,并且该组合物会减少眼用类固醇的副作用。该药物组合物优选通过眼部途径给药来治疗眼科疾病。
Description
本申请是2013年2月8日提交的、发明名称为“用以减少眼用类固醇的并发症的药物组合物”的中国专利申请201380008147.9的分案申请。
【技术领域】
本发明是关于用以减少类固醇的副作用的包含脂质混合物(lipid cake)以及类固醇溶液的组合的药物组合物,以及它们用于治疗眼科疾病(ophthalmic diseases)的方法。
【背景技术】
黄斑水肿引起中心视力的丧失并且是糖尿病视网膜病变的一种临床表现。它是由视网膜微血管病变(retinal microvascular changes)所导致,而且致病机制不仅与VEGF依赖有关,也与可被皮质类固醇所抑制的其它炎症性以及血管新生性(angiogenic)细胞因子水平有关(Sohn HJ等人Changes in aqueous concentrations of various cytokinesafter intravitreal triamcinolone versus bevacizumab for diabetic macularedema.Am J Ophthalmol.Oct 2011;152(4):686-94)。
针对一些对典型治疗[诸如激光光凝术、眼部周围使用与全身性使用类固醇或碳酸酐酶抑制剂]没有反应的慢性黄斑水肿的案例而言,玻璃体内的皮质类固醇注射可以是一种治疗选择。
玻璃体内的皮质类固醇注射亦被用来治疗葡萄膜炎以及用来改善视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion)或视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retina veinocclusion)病患的视觉敏锐度。然而,眼内最佳且有效的皮质类固醇浓度的维持需要重复性的玻璃体内注射,而重复性的玻璃体内注射会造成许多并发症[诸如传染性眼内炎(infectious endophthalmitis)、视网膜剥离、外伤性白内障以及眼内压(IOP)升高]。一项研究显示:在玻璃体内的类固醇注射后的第1个月,IOP升高的发病率是57.69%,而在第3与第6个月时分别是75%与47.05%,且在22.72%的病患中发现有白内障的生成(GarcíaFernández M等人Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide use in diffuse persistentdiabetic macular edema.Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2011Oct;86(10):314-319)。
鉴于以上所概述的缺陷,需要具有较低副作用的玻璃体内类固醇注射剂。
【发明内容】
本发明涉及一种包含下列各项的组合的药物组合物:包含一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物且含有或不含胆固醇的脂质混合物(lipid cake mixture),以及包含眼用类固醇、其衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐或其前药的类固醇溶液;其中每50μL的该药物组合物中磷脂的总量低于大约2.5μmol,并且相对于每50μL的药物组合物中含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的组合物来说,每50μL的药物组合物中含有低于大约2.5μmol磷脂的药物组合物降低所述眼用类固醇、所述衍生物、所述药学上可接受的盐或所述前药的副作用。
该药物组合物可通过混合脂质混合物与类固醇溶液而被制备,其中该类固醇溶液包含眼用类固醇、其衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐或者其前药。
本发明亦涉及在需要眼科疾病治疗的个体中治疗眼科疾病的方法。该方法包含下列的步骤:对该个体给药本文描述的药物组合物,藉此减少在该个体中的症状。本发明对于通过眼部递送(ocular delivery)来治疗局限于眼后段的眼科疾病是特别有用的。
【具体实施方式】
定义
如上文以及在整个公开内容中所使用的下列术语,除非另外有所指明,应被理解为具有下列意义。
除非上下文另外清楚地指明,本文所使用的单数的形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”以及“所述/该(the)”包含复数的引述意思。
除非另外有所指明,本文所使用的术语“大约”,当涉及一可测量的数值(诸如数量、短暂的期间等)时,被意指为包含由指定值的±10%的变化,优选为指定值的±5%的变化,更优选为指定值的±1%的变化,甚至更优选为指定值的±0.1%的变化,只要这样的变化对于减少类固醇的副作用而言是适当的。除非另外有所指明,此处所使用的术语“大约”,当涉及一范围时,被意指为包含在范围的差异内由指定值的±10%的变化,优选为指定值的±5%的变化,更优选为指定值的±1%的变化,甚至更优选为指定值的±0.1%的变化,只要这样的变化对于减少类固醇的副作用而言是适当的。
本文所使用的术语“脂质体”意指由包封有水相的同中心排列的脂双层构成的囊泡,或者小的或大的单层囊泡(unilammellar vesicles)。
本文所使用的“有效量”意指一足以减少眼科疾病的症状以及征兆[诸如模糊(blurry)、褪色的视觉(washed out vision)]的药物组合物的剂量。
本文所使用的术语“治疗(treating)”、“被治疗的(treated)”或“治疗(treatment)”包括预防的(preventative)[例如预防性(prophylactic)]、缓解性(palliative)以及治愈性(curative)的用途或结果。
术语“个体”包括一患有眼科疾病的脊椎动物。该个体优选为温血动物,包括哺乳动物,优选为人类。
本文所使用的术语“前药”意指前体化合物,该前体化合物在给药之后经由体内的一些化学或生理过程而释放出生物活性化合物(例如,一前药在达到生理pH或经由酶作用后被转换为生物活性化合物)。前药本身可能缺少或具有所欲达到的生物活性。
本发明的眼用类固醇的“药学上可接受的盐”是一酸性类固醇与碱所形成的盐,亦即碱加成盐,诸如碱金属盐以及碱土金属盐(诸如钠盐、锂盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐),以及4铵盐[诸如铵盐、三甲基铵盐、二乙基铵盐以及三(羟甲基)甲基铵盐]。
类似地,对于碱性眼用类固醇,也可以提供酸加成盐,诸如无机酸、有机羧酸与有机磺酸(例如盐酸、甲磺酸、马来酸)。
在一个方面,本发明提供一包含下列各项的组合的药物组合物:包含一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物且含有或不含胆固醇的脂质混合物;以及一包含配于双蒸馏水(double-distilled water,ddH2O)或一适合的缓冲液中的眼用类固醇、其衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐或其前药的类固醇溶液;其中在所述组合物中磷脂的总量为每50μL的药物组合物低于大约2.5μmol,并且相对于每50μL的药物组合物中含有至少大约5μmol磷脂的组合物来说,每50μL的药物组合物中含有低于大约2.5μmol磷脂的药物组合物降低所述类固醇、所述衍生物、所述药学上可接受的盐或所述前药的副作用。另一个方面,本发明涉及治疗眼科疾病的方法,其包括对于需要此类治疗的个体给药有效量的本文所描述的药物组合物,藉此减少在该个体中的眼科疾病的症状以及征兆。
脂质混合物(Lipid Cake)
在本发明中的脂质混合物意指一块状、薄膜状或粉末状的固体脂质混合物(lipidmixture)。
在一个实施方案中,含有或不含胆固醇的一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物先制备成脂质体,之后,再进一步加工处理成为脂质混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,含有或不含胆固醇的一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物在加工处理成为脂质混合物之前不先制备成脂质体。
脂质体的粒径是纳米等级,并且包含粒子形成部分(particle-formingcomponent)以及药剂携带部分(agent-carrying component)。该粒子形成部分形成一封闭的脂质屏障。
脂质混合物可由各种不同的脂质所制备而得,所述的脂质具有形成或被并入至单层或双层结构中的能力。在本发明中所使用的脂质包括一种或多种的磷脂,并可含有或不含胆固醇。在本发明中所使用的磷脂的实例包括,但不限于:磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰甘油(PG)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)、磷脂酸(PA)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、蛋黄磷脂酰胆碱(EPC)、蛋黄磷脂酰甘油(EPG)、蛋黄磷脂酰乙醇胺(EPE)、蛋黄磷脂酰丝氨酸(EPS)、蛋黄磷脂酸(EPA)、蛋黄磷脂酰肌醇(EPI)、大豆磷脂酰胆碱(SPC)、大豆磷脂酰甘油(SPG)、大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺(SPE)、大豆磷脂酰丝氨酸(SPS)、大豆磷脂酸(SPA)、大豆磷脂酰肌醇(SPI)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(DOPC)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰甘油(DPPG)、二油酰基磷脂酰甘油(DOPG)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰甘油(DMPG)、十六烷基磷酸胆碱(HEPC)、氢化大豆磷脂酰胆碱(HSPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰甘油(DSPG)、二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE)、棕榈酰基硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(PSPC)、棕榈酰基硬脂酰基磷脂酰甘油(PSPG)、单油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(MOPE)、1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰胆碱(POPC)、聚乙二醇二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(PEG-DSPE)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸(DPPS)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰丝氨酸(DOPS)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸(DMPS)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸(DSPS)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酸(DPPA)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酸(DOPA)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酸(DMPA)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酸(DSPA)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰肌醇(DPPI)、1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰肌醇(DOPI)、二肉豆蔻酰基磷脂酰肌醇(DMPI)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰肌醇(DSPI),以及它们的混合物。特别优选的磷脂选自于DOPC以及DOPG。
在一个实施方案中,脂质混合物包含29.5%至90%:3%至37.5%:10%至33%的摩尔比率的DOPC、DOPG以及胆固醇。在另一个实施方案中,脂质混合物包含大约15%至小于大约30%摩尔比率的胆固醇。在另一个实施方案中,脂质混合物包含大约18%至大约28%摩尔比率的胆固醇。在又另一个实施方案中,脂质混合物包含大约20%至大约25%摩尔比率的胆固醇。
在一个实施方案中,粒子形成部分没有脂肪酸或阳离子脂质(亦即在生理pH值下携带净正电荷的脂质)。
在另一个实施方案中,粒子形成部分包括一具有一附接于一磷脂分子的长链的高度水合的柔性中性聚合物的亲水性聚合物。没有被任何理论限制,该亲水性聚合物被认为会稳定脂质体并且在体内导致一更长的循环时间。亲水性聚合物的实例包括,但不限于:具有一为大约2,000至大约5,000道耳顿的分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)、甲氧基PEG(mPEG)、神经节苷脂GM1、聚唾液酸(polysialic acid)、聚乳酸[亦被称为多乳酸(polylactide)]、聚乙醇酸(亦被称为聚乙醇酸交酯)、聚乳酸聚乙醇酸(apolylacticpolyglycolic acid)、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚甲噁唑啉(polymethoxazoline)、聚乙基噁唑啉、聚羟乙基噁唑啉、聚羟丙基噁唑啉、聚天冬酰胺、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酰胺、聚二甲基丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯基甲基醚、聚丙烯酸羟乙酯、衍生化纤维素(derivatized celluloses)(诸如羟甲基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素)以及合成聚合物。
粒子形成部分可进一步包含抗体或肽的脂质缀合物,该脂质缀合物作为靶向部分起作用而能够使脂质体专一性地结合至具有靶分子的靶细胞。靶分子的实例包括,但不限于:表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGF)、癌胚抗原(CEA)以及erbB-2/neu(HER2)。
在本发明中所制备的脂质体可通过被用来制备囊泡的常规技术所产生。这些技术包括:醚注射法(Deamer等人,Acad.Sci.(1978)308:250)、表面活性剂法(Brunner等人,Biochim.Biophys.Acta(1976)455:322)、冻融法(Pick等人,Arch.Biochim.Biophys.(1981)212:186)、反相蒸发法(Szoka等人,Biochim.Biophys.Acta.(1980)601:559 71)、超声波处理法(Huang等人,Biochemistry(1969)8:344)、乙醇注射法(Kremer等人,Biochemistry(1977)16:3932)、挤出法(Hope等人,Biochim.Biophys.Acta(1985)812:5565)、法式压碎机法(French press method)(Barenholz等人,FEBS Lett.(1979)99:210),以及在Szoka,F.,Jr.等人,Ann.Rev.Biophys.Bioeng.9:467(1980)中所详述的方法。上面的所有方法是用于形成脂质体囊泡的基础技术,并且这些方法援引加入本文。在灭菌之后,先制备成的脂质体在无菌下置于容器中,接着进行冻干而形成粉末或块状物。因为在本发明中,包含先制备成的脂质体的脂质混合物要被冻干,因此需要至少添加一种抗冻剂来制备脂质混合物。在一个实施方案中,脂质混合物进一步包含一种或多种缓冲剂。
抗冻剂包括,但不限于:甘露糖醇、甘油、右旋糖、蔗糖和/或海藻糖。一种优选的抗冻剂是甘露糖醇。
缓冲剂包括,但不限于:二水合磷酸二氢钠以及无水磷酸氢二钠。
在脂质混合物包含不先制备成脂质体的脂质的实施方案中,脂质混合物可通过溶解于适合的有机溶剂(包括,但不限于:乙醇、甲醇、叔丁醇、乙醚以及氯仿)中而被制备,并且可通过加热、真空蒸发、氮气蒸发、冷冻干燥或者其它溶剂移除的常规方法而被干燥。
支持本发明的脂质混合物制备的特定实施例将在下文中描述。
类固醇溶液
在本发明中的类固醇溶液包含眼用类固醇、其衍生物、其药学上可接受的盐或其前药。
在本发明中适用的眼用类固醇包括任何天然存在的类固醇激素、合成类固醇以及它们的衍生物。眼用类固醇的实例包括,但不限于:可的松、氢化可的松、乙酸氢化可的松、新戊酸替可的松(tixocortol pivalate)、肤轻松、泼尼松龙、甲泼尼龙、泼尼松、曲安奈德、曲安西龙、莫米松、安西奈德、布地奈德、地奈德、醋酸氟轻松、氟轻松、哈西奈德、倍他米松、倍他米松磷酸钠、地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸钠(DSP)、氟可龙、17-氢化可的松丁酸酯(hydrocortisone-17-butyrate)、17-氢化可的松戊酸酯(hydrocortisone-17-valerate)、二丙酸阿氯米松、戊酸倍他米松、二丙酸倍他米松、泼尼卡酯、17-氯倍他松丁酸酯(clobetasone-17-butyrate)、17-氯倍他索丙酸酯(clobetasol-17-propionate)、己酸氟考龙、三甲基乙酸氟可龙(fluocortolone pivalate)、醋酸氟泼尼定(fluprednideneacetate)、二氟泼尼酯、氯替泼诺、氟米龙、甲羟松、利美索龙、倍氯米松、氯泼尼醇、可的伐唑、脱氧皮质酮、二氟可龙(difluorocortolone)、氟氯缩松、氟可的松、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟可龙(fluorocortolone)、氟氢缩松、甲泼尼松、甲泼尼龙以及帕拉米松。在一优选的实施方案中,所述眼用类固醇是水溶性类固醇。在一更优选的实施方案中,所述眼用类固醇是DSP。
眼用类固醇的药学上可接受的盐包括从无毒性无机或有机碱形成的无毒性盐。例如,无毒性盐可使用无机碱[诸如碱金属或碱土金属(例如钾、钠、锂、钙或镁)氢氧化物];以及使用有机碱(诸如胺等)而被形成。
眼用类固醇的药学上可接受的盐亦包括从无毒性无机或有机酸形成的无毒性盐。有机以及无机酸的实例为:例如,盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、醋酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、马来酸、延胡索酸、棕榈酸、胆酸、双羟萘酸、粘酸、D-谷氨酸、戊二酸、乙醇酸、酞酸、酒石酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、水杨酸、山梨酸、苯甲酸等。
本发明的类固醇溶液可利用ddH2O或适合的缓冲液来制备。
药物组合物
本发明的药物组合物适合用于眼部递送类固醇并且包含下列各项的组合:包含一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物且含有或不含胆固醇的脂质混合物;以及包含眼用类固醇或其药学上可接受的盐的类固醇溶液;其中磷脂的总量为每50μL的药物组合物大约0.1μmol至低于大约2.5μmol,并且其中所述组合物相对于每50μL的药物组合物中含有至少大约5μmol磷脂的药物组合物的副作用是降低的。
在一个实施方案中,磷脂的总量是每50μL的药物组合物大约0.5μmol至低于大约2.0μmol。在另一个实施方案中,磷脂的总量是每50μL的药物组合物大约1μmol至低于大约1.5μmol。
在一个实施方案中,药物组合物进一步包含至少一种用于活性成分的药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂、媒介物(vehicle)、载体(carrier)、介质、防腐剂、抗冻剂,或者它们的组合。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物通过下列步骤而被制备:将一种或多种的磷脂在有或无胆固醇存在下,与一种或多种缓冲液混合,以形成脂质体,将含有一种或多种抗冻剂的脂质体冻干,形成呈粉末形式的脂质混合物。该粉末状的脂质混合物可经由类固醇溶液重组而形成水性悬浮液。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物通过下列步骤而被制备:将一种或多种的磷脂在有或无胆固醇存在下于溶剂中混合,接着将该溶剂移除以形成脂质混合物。该脂质混合物可经由类固醇溶液重组而形成水性悬浮液。
在一个优选的实施方案中,药物组合物包含大约0.6mg至大约0.7mg的地塞米松。在另一个优选的实施方案中,药物组合物包含大约0.19mg至大约0.59mg的氟轻松。在又另一个优选的实施方案中,药物组合物包含有大约4mg的曲安奈德。
本发明的药物组合物包含大约10%至大约50%与脂质缔合的DSP或大约50%至大约90%的无脂质缔合的DSP。无缔合的DSP在玻璃体液中轻易地被清除,其半衰期大约为3.5小时,然而脂质缔合的DSP在玻璃体液中不会轻易地被清除,并且取决于药物组合物可被保留在玻璃体液中达到数个月。
本发明的药物组合物可被用来治疗罹患眼科疾病的病患。在一个优选的实施方案中,眼科疾病局限于眼后段。在更优选的实施方案中,眼科疾病是下列的任一者:黄斑水肿、葡萄膜炎、视网膜分支静脉阻塞或视网膜中央静脉阻塞,以及年龄相关的黄斑退化(age-related macular degeneration)。
治疗眼科疾病的方法
另一方面,本发明是治疗个体中眼科疾病的方法,其包括对于需要此类治疗的个体给药有效量的本文所描述的药物组合物,藉此减少该个体中的眼科疾病的症状以及征兆。
药物组合物可被组成为任何适合用于所选择的给药模式的形式。在一个实施方案中,药物组合物被配制以用于眼部给药。在另一个实施方案中,药物组合物被配制以用于玻璃体内给药。在另一个实施方案中,药物组合物被配制以用于局部给药。
依据实施方案,本发明的药物组合物的剂量可被本领域技术人员所决定。单一剂量或多重剂量形式都被考虑,各形式在某些临床使用情况中提供优点。依据本发明,欲给药的药物组合物的实际量可依据被治疗个体的年龄、体重与病况而变化,并且取决于医疗人员的判断力。
下面的实施例进一步例示说明本发明。这些实施例仅被意欲用以例示说明本发明,而不被解释为是限制性的。
实施例1.制备脂质混合物
脂质混合物通过乙醇注射法而被制备。脂质,包括DOPC、DOPG[这两者是商业上可购得的,且来自于NOF Corporation(日本)以及Lipoid LLC(USA)]以及胆固醇[商业上可购得的,且来自于MINAKEM(法国)],是以67.5:7.5:25的摩尔比率而被组合并且在大约40℃下于一烧瓶中被溶解于99.9%乙醇中。桌上型超声波清洗槽(tabletop ultrasonic bath)可用来进行脂质溶解。
利用蠕动泵将溶解的脂质溶液以100mL/min加至磷酸钠溶液中,并将两种溶液混合。脂质混合物接着通过0.2μm孔径的聚碳酸酯膜6-10次。脂质体(或大的单层囊泡)被形成并且平均囊泡直径是大约120-140nm(由Malvern ZetaSizer Nano ZS-90所测量)。
脂质体混合物通过Millipore Pellicon 2Mini UltrafiltrationModuleBiomax-100C(0.1m2)的切向流过滤系统(tangential flow filtration system)透析并且浓缩,甘露糖醇被添加而得到20mg/mL的最终甘露糖醇浓度。脂质体混合物接着使用0.2μm的无菌过滤器灭菌,而经灭菌的脂质体混合物在无菌下装填至瓶(vials)中,接着被冻干即形成脂质混合物。脂质混合物的主要组成被概述于表1中。
表1.脂质混合物的组成
实施例2.制备药物组合物
通过使用DSP溶液而将实施例1中经冻干的脂质混合物重组以形成多层囊泡(multilammellar vesicles)以制备药物组合物。
就50μL的含有0.6mg的DSP以及5μmol磷脂的药物组合物而言,其是由一瓶实施例1中的冻干脂质混合物使用0.3mL的DSP溶液予以重组而得,其中DSP的浓度是13.2mg/mL。
就50μL的含有0.6mg的DSP以及2.5μmol磷脂的药物组合物而言,其是由一瓶实施例1中的冻干脂质混合物使用0.6mL的DSP溶液予以重组而得,其中DSP的浓度是13.2mg/mL。
实施例3.药物组合物在减少类固醇的眼部副作用方面的体内评估
药物组合物在减少眼用类固醇副作用的方面的效用的体内评估使用新西兰白兔(New Zealand albino rabbit)进行。在此研究中使用25只雄性兔子(介于10-12周大)。于实验开始时兔子的平均体重是2.3kg。
兔子在此试验期间均可以自由地获得饮水以及食物。
此研究设计分成5个研究组别,如下所述:
组别1:5只兔子各接受50μL的包含先制备成的脂质体以及0.05mg的DSP的药物组合物,其中药物组合物的总磷脂是大约5μmol。
组别2:5只兔子各接受50μL的包含先制备成的脂质体以及0.2mg的地塞米松磷酸钠(DSP)的药物组合物,其中药物组合物的总磷脂是大约5μmol。
组别3:5只兔子各接受50μL的包含先制备成的脂质体以及0.6mg的DSP的药物组合物,其中药物组合物的总磷脂是大约5μmol。
组别4:此组别最初被分配有5只兔子,但1只兔子在玻璃体内注射之前在麻醉下死亡。因此,4只兔子各接受50μL的包含先制备成的脂质体以及0.6mg的DSP的药物组合物,其中药物组合物的总磷脂是大约2.5μmol。
组别5:此组别最初被分配有5只兔子,但1只兔子在玻璃体内注射之前在麻醉下死亡。因此,4只兔子各接受50μL的包含先制备成的脂质体以及0.6mg的DSP的药物组合物,其中药物组合物的总磷脂是大约1.25μmol。
药物组合物通过玻璃体内注射而被给药给兔子。被给药给各眼的DSP的剂量与磷脂的总量、被注射的眼的数目、药物组合物的DSP强度与磷脂浓度,以及被给药给各眼的药物组合物的体积被概述于表2中。
表2.药物组合物的特性
*PL=磷脂
在180天的试验期间,兔子在固定的时间间隔中被检测,其检测结果如下:
·眼部的有害征兆,诸如中度角膜水肿、角膜混浊、角膜软化(softened cornea)[被定义为在角膜上使用眼压计测量角膜弹性的缺失]以及结膜充血。兔子的眼在下列天数中被检测:0、4、7、11、14、21、25、28、32、35、39、42、46、49、53、56、60、63、67、70、74、77、82、85、89、92、96、99、103、106、110、113、117、120、124、127、131、134、138、141、145、148、152、155、159、162、166、169、173、176以及180。
·眼内压(IOP)升高。IOP在药物组合物的玻璃体内给药之前以及在玻璃体内给药之后的下列天数中通过ReichertXL眼压计(Reichert,Inc.3362WaldenAvenue,Depew,NY 14034USA)进行测量:0、4、7、11、14、18、21、25、28、32、35、39、42、46、49、53、56、60、63、67、70、74、77、82、85、89、92、96、99、103、106、110、113、117、120、124、127、131、134、138、141、145、148、152、155、159、162、166、169、173、176以及180。当IOP超过15mmHg,兔子被判定为具有IOP升高的情形。
·玻璃体透明度(vitreous clarity)方面的改变。已知脂质体会影响玻璃体透明度(B Short.Safety Evaluation of Ocular Drug Delivery Formulations:Techniquesand Practical Considerations.Toxicol Pathol.Jan 2008;36(1):49-62at 52)。兔子中的玻璃体透明度通过直接检眼镜被评估(PanOptic Ophthalmoscope 118series;Model11820:Type 71000A;Welch Allyn Inc.4341State street road Skaneateles,NY 13153-0220)。玻璃体透明度被分为0-4的计分值(0表示视野下可以清楚地看见视网膜血管;1表示视网膜血管仍可透过药物组合物而被轻易地看见;2表示只能模糊地看到视网膜血管而血管不能被轻易地鉴别;3表示更模糊的视野,其中仅少数视网膜血管可被鉴别;4表示药物组合物造成的玻璃体模糊)。
此外,药物组合物在玻璃体液中的分布使用检眼镜来评估。眼底计分值(fundusscore)被分为0-6的计分值,0表示眼底可被看见并且没有被药物组合物覆盖,1表示六分之一的眼底被药物组合物覆盖,2表示三分之一的眼底被药物组合物覆盖,3表示二分之一的眼底被药物组合物覆盖,4表示三分之二的眼底被药物组合物覆盖,5表示六分之五的眼底被药物组合物覆盖,6表示眼底无法被看见并且完全地被药物组合物覆盖。
180天研究的结果被概述于表3中。这些结果显示接受含有低于大约2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别4以及组别5)相对于接受含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别3)呈现更少的眼部副作用。
此外,由于在玻璃体液中更快速的清除,含有低于大约2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物(组别4以及组别5)相对于含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物(组别3)更好地分布于玻璃体液中。
表3.在180天研究期间在组别1至组别5兔子中的眼部并发症的总发病率
*PL=磷脂
表3的更详细的结果摘要如下所示:
中度角膜水肿:
结果显示:在组别1、组别2以及组别3兔子中(这些兔子接受含有大于2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物)的中度角膜水肿的发病率分别是50%、80%以及40%。在组别4兔子中没有中度角膜水肿的发病率,而有50%的组别5兔子罹患中度角膜水肿。
角膜混浊:
50%的组别1兔子、80%的组别2兔子以及20%的组别3兔子罹患角膜混浊,而组别4以及组别5兔子中没有一只兔子患有角膜混浊。总而言之,接受含有低于大约2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别4以及组别5)相对于接受含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别3)呈现更少的角膜混浊。
角膜软化:
在组别1、组别2以及组别3兔子中的角膜软化的发病率超过50%,而在组别4以及组别5兔子中的角膜软化发病率低于50%。总而言之,接受含有低于大约2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别4以及组别5)相对于接受含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别3)呈现更少的角膜软化。
结膜充血:
在组别1以及组别2中60%的兔子,以及在组别3中30%的兔子罹患结膜充血。仅有12.5%的组别4兔子患有结膜充血,以及组别5兔子中没有一只兔子患有结膜充血。总而言之,接受含有低于大约2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别4以及组别5)相对于接受含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别3)呈现更少的结膜充血。
IOP升高:
IOP升高是眼用类固醇注射的熟知副作用。组别1兔子有60%IOP升高、组别2兔子有80%IOP升高,以及组别3兔子有40%IOP升高,而IOP升高在组别4兔子中未被侦测到以及在组别5兔子中则有37.5%被侦测到。总而言之,接受含有低于大约2.5μmol的总磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别4以及组别5)相对于接受含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物的兔子(组别3)呈现更少的IOP升高。
玻璃体透明度降低:
20%的组别1与组别2兔子以及10%的组别3兔子有玻璃体透明度降低情形(具有计分值3或更高)。在组别4以及组别5兔子中没有发现玻璃体透明度降低(具有计分值3或更高)。总而言之,含有低于大约2.5μmol的总磷脂的药物组合物(组别4以及组别5)相对于含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物(组别3)降低玻璃体透明度的可能性更小。
眼底计分值:
40%的组别1以及20%的组别2与组别3兔子具有高于4的眼底计分值,而组别4以及组别5兔子中没有兔子具有高于4的眼底计分值。总而言之,含有低于大约2.5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物(组别4以及组别5)相对于含有至少大约5μmol的磷脂的药物组合物(组别3)更分散于兔子的玻璃体液中。
Claims (9)
1.一种适合用于眼部递送类固醇的药物组合物,其包含下列各项的组合:
(a)脂质混合物,其包含一种磷脂或多种磷脂的混合物,所述磷脂选自DOPC以及DOPG;以及
(b)类固醇溶液,其包含有效量的眼用类固醇或者其药学上可接受的盐,所述有效量的眼用类固醇选自0.6mg至0.7mg的地塞米松、0.19mg至0.59mg的氟轻松以及4mg的曲安奈德,或者所述有效量的眼用类固醇为每50μL的药物组合物中0.6mg的地塞米松磷酸钠;
其中在所述组合物中磷脂的总量是每50μL的药物组合物为0.1μmol至低于2.5μmol,并且所述组合物用于眼部给药时比每50μL的药物组合物中含有至少5μmol的磷脂的总量的组合物有降低的眼部副作用。
2.如权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述脂质混合物进一步包含胆固醇。
3.如权利要求1或2的药物组合物,其中所述眼用类固醇是水溶性类固醇。
4.如权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述眼用类固醇是地塞米松磷酸钠。
5.如权利要求4的药物组合物,其包含10%至50%与脂质缔合的地塞米松磷酸钠或50%至90%的无脂质缔合的地塞米松磷酸钠。
6.如权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述脂质混合物进一步包含抗冻剂。
7.如权利要求6的药物组合物,其中所述抗冻剂是甘露糖醇。
8.如权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述脂质混合物进一步包含缓冲剂。
9.如权利要求8的药物组合物,其中所述缓冲剂包含二水合磷酸二氢钠以及无水磷酸氢二钠。
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