CN107256289A - The method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model - Google Patents
The method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model, during to overcome prior art to there is the design of vehicle body structure minibus and improve, the step of the problem of using traditional a large amount of modifications of detailed finite meta-model consumption and calculating time, this method, is as follows：1) car body topological structure is set up：(1) the detailed finite meta-model of automobile is obtained, (2) set up the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body, and (3) set up car body topology controlment；2) extracting parts cross section parameter；3) extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parameterize：(1) conquassation stiffness characteristics are extracted and are parameterized, (2) crushable parts limit element artificial module is set up using Hypermesh softwares, calculated using LS DYNA softwares and obtain crushing force conquassation amount curve, crushing force conquassation amount curve is simplified and parameterized according to energy absorption equal principle by (3)；4) analog component collision characteristic；5) reduced parameter FEM model is verified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for building up for belonging to vehicle passive safety field, it more particularly relates to one
Plant the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model.
Background technology
Automotive SBC refers to automobile when occurring traffic accident, and vehicle can effectively protect passenger or car
Unprofessional person, which escapes injury or tried one's best, reduces the performance of extent of injury.In order to improve the passive safety of automobile, it is necessary to rationally design
Body construction enables it to produce when colliding reasonably to deform and fully absorb collision energy.Body construction design and
In optimization process, the method that current widely used real train test is combined with Finite Element Simulation Analysis.Finite Element Simulation Analysis leads to
Cross computer and carry out virtual crash test, obtain the deformation process and collision response of car body, so carry out body construction design and
Improve.Because FInite Element can reduce real train test number of times, improve development efficiency and greatly save development cost, thus application
Extensively.
Car body parts are mainly simulated with shell unit and body unit in traditional vehicle complete vehicle collision FEM model, model
Middle element number is huge, even with high-performance computer, calculates generally be also required to several hours every time.When design is more
Or the design and checking changed repeatedly FEM model is generally required during structure improvement, while this needs consuming substantial amounts of
Model modification and calculating time so that whole development process takes time and effort.In order to reduce scale of model, when shortening Scheme Solving
Between, simplified FEM model is widely applied, and main thought is to replace vehicle detailed using the unit of other forms
Unit form in FEM model, it is contemplated that the required precision of simplified model, the simplified model being currently, there are is mainly shell list
The mixed cell that member is constituted with beam element, although the simplified model of the type can reduce virtual test solution to a certain extent
Time, but be due to the presence of shell unit, still do not reach preferable solving speed.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to a kind of new reduced parameter FEM model, the model on the premise of computational accuracy is met,
Using beam element as unique substituting unit, vehicle detailed finite meta-model is simplified, the New Simplified Model with it is whole
Car detailed finite meta-model and beam, the simplified model of shell mixed cell composition can shorten the solution time compared to it, and this is new
The simplification FEM model of type is by the parametrization to architectural characteristic, and realizing need to be only to the adjustment of some parameters in simplified model
Can reach the Curve guide impeller to organization plan, thus eliminate the improved structure three-dimensional model foundation of traditional structure, mesh generation,
The series of steps such as material and thickness definition, and then can optimize and verify in the performance of structure preliminary design phase, after guidance
Continuous structure detailed design.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be overcome prior art exist vehicle body structure minibus design and
During improvement, touched using traditional a large amount of modifications of detailed finite meta-model consumption and the problem of calculating the time there is provided a kind of automobile
Hit the method for building up of reduced parameter FEM model.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：Described car crass simplifies
The step of method for building up of parameter finite element model, is as follows：
1) car body topological structure is set up；
2) extracting parts cross section parameter；
3) extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parameterize；
4) analog component collision characteristic；
5) reduced parameter FEM model is verified.
Car body topological structure of setting up described in technical scheme refers to：
1) the detailed finite meta-model of automobile is obtained:
The detailed finite meta-model of automobile can be set up in the design phase engineer of automobile, this step will find Automobile Design
The detailed finite meta-model that stage is set up；Prepared to set up car crass reduced parameter FEM model；
2) the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body is set up：
Using the geometric position of each two-dimentional shell unit and said three-dimensional body assembly of elements in detailed finite meta-model, utilize
Hypermesh softwares extract the geometric center point of each two end faces of part successively, and using the two central points as one-dimensional
The whole story node of beam element, sets up out the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body；
3) car body topology controlment is set up.
Extracting parts cross section parameter described in technical scheme refers to：
1) principle equal according to area of section is equivalent rectangular by the section of safety component, and section is calculated successively
Length and width and thickness；
2) the * SECTION_BEAM keywords in LS-DYNA are commonly used to simulate the cross section property of one-dimensional beam element, in *
The moment of inertia in three directions of sectional dimension and beam element of each safety component is inserted in SECTION_BEAM successively, for mould
Intend the section attribute of safety component.
Extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parametrization described in technical scheme refer to：
1) conquassation stiffness characteristics are extracted and are parameterized：
(1) loading condition is the part that rigid obstacle (1) impacts rear end face fixation with 1m/s constant speed in the x-direction
(2) the complete conquassation of part 2, is made；
(2) crushable parts limit element artificial module is set up using Hypermesh softwares, is calculated and obtained using LS-DYNA softwares
Obtain crushing force-conquassation amount curve；
(3) crushing force-conquassation amount curve is simplified and parameterized according to energy absorption equal principle, the curve after parametrization can
To be represented with six parameters of Fx, Fp, Fm, dm, de and dx, wherein：
Fx. limit crushing force, unit .kN；Fp. crushing force peak value, unit .kN；Fm. be averaged crushing force, unit .kN；dm.
Conquassation amount corresponding to peak force, unit .mm；De. effective conquassation amount, unit .mm；Dx. limit conquassation amount, unit .mm.
2) extract bending stiffness characteristic and parameterize：
(1) loading condition is the free degree of all nodes on one end face of constraint component, in the geometry of another end face
Node rigid body is set up at the heart and upper all joint rigidities with the end face are connected, applies 0.157rad/ms's to node rigid body
Rotational angular velocity, makes part produce the flexural deformation around y-axis；
(2) bending part limit element artificial module is set up using Hypermesh softwares, is calculated and obtained using LS-DYNA softwares
Obtain bending moment-rotation curve；
(3) bending moment-rotation curve is simplified and parameterized according to energy absorption equal principle, the curve after parametrization can
To be represented with Mx, Mp, Mm, θ m, θ e and θ six parameters of x, wherein：
Mx. extreme flexion torque, unit .Nm；Mp. the peak value of bending moment, unit .Nm；Mm. average bending force
Square, unit .Nm；Corner corresponding to θ m. peak torques, unit .rad；The effective angle of bend of θ e., unit .rad；θ x. poles
Limit angle of bend, unit .rad.
Analog component collision characteristic described in technical scheme refers to：
(1) whole simulation process is completed with LS-DYNA, for each replacement crushable parts and the simplification beam list of bending part
Member, its material is simulated with corresponding * MAT_FORCE_LIMITED materials in LS-DYNA, enters editor circle after selection good material
Face sequentially inputs density of material, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio；
(2) crushable parts that will finally be obtained using (1) step in extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parameterization step
(2) step in the crushing force of reduced parameter-conquassation amount curve and utilization extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parametrization is obtained
Bending moment-rotation curve of the bending part reduced parameter obtained assigns the material, and deformation component simulation is completed；
(3) some parts do not deform during car collision, the beam list for replacing non-deformed part
Member, is simulated with the * MAT_ELASTIC materials in LS-DYNA, is sequentially input density of material, modulus of elasticity, Poisson and is when surrendered
The limit, the part simulation of non-deformed is completed.
Checking reduced parameter FEM model described in technical scheme.
(1) four will be obtained after carrying out collision simulation to car crass reduced parameter FEM model using LS-DYNA
Curve, respectively energy absorption curve, accelerating curve, rate curve and displacement curve；
(2) by contrasting car crass reduced parameter FEM model and vehicle detailed finite meta-model response curve
Difference is to be able to verify that whether newly-established car crass reduced parameter FEM model is qualified.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention can go out vapour with accurate simulation
The crucial response (energy absorption, acceleration, speed, displacement) of car collision and the deformation of critical component (energy-absorption box, front longitudinal etc.)
Process.
2. the car crass in the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention simplifies
Parameter finite element model calculates quick and modification is convenient, compared with detailed finite meta-model, greatly save structure design and
The spent time is improved, development efficiency is improved, is adapted to carry out quickly setting on a large scale in the body construction minibus design phase
Meter and optimization.
3. the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention is applied to car anti-collision
Structure design makes the stiffness characteristics of minor structure change convenient and swift initial stage, eliminates and sets up the cumbersome of detailed shell unit model, profit
Collision waveform is quickly obtained with car crass reduced parameter FEM model, the minor structure performance obtained by goal decomposition is verified
The reasonability and correctness of target
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is extraction conquassation rigidity in the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
The loading schematic diagram of characteristic；
Fig. 3 is simplifies and parameterized in the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
Crushing force-conquassation amount curve synoptic diagram；
Fig. 4 for car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention method for building up in extract bending stiffness
The loading schematic diagram of characteristic；
Fig. 5 is simplifies and parameterized in the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
Bending moment-rotation curve schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is M6 types in the embodiment of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
Passenger car detailed finite metamodel structure figure；
Fig. 7 is foundation in the embodiment of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
M6 type passenger cars head-on crash simplify beam element model topology diagram；
Fig. 8 is M6 types in the embodiment of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
Passenger car front end front longitudinal detailed finite metamodel structure figure；
Fig. 9 is detailed in the embodiment of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
FEM model is with simplifying beam element model energy absorption curve comparison；
Figure 10 is detailed in the embodiment of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
Thin FEM model is contrasted with simplifying beam element model accelerating curve；
Figure 11 is detailed in the embodiment of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
Thin FEM model is contrasted with simplifying beam element model rate curve；
Figure 12 is detailed in the method for building up embodiment of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention
FEM model is contrasted with simplifying beam element model displacement curve.
In figure：1. rigid obstacle, 2. body parts, 3. part rear ends, 4. front longitudinal first paragraphs, 5. front longitudinal second segments.
Embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The whole modeling process of the present invention will use Hypermesh softwares, and Hypermesh softwares are Altair companies of the U.S.
Product, be advanced in the world, powerful CAE application software packages, be also an innovation, open enterprise-level CAE platform,
It is integrated with the various instruments needed for design and analysis, opening, flexibility with impayable performance and height and
Friendly user interface.
The present invention will use LS-DYNA softwares during the simulation calculation of model, and LS-DYNA programs are multiple functional
Geometrical non-linearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinear program.It is had concurrently ALE and Euler and calculated based on Lagrange algorithms
Method；Based on explicit solution, Implicit Method function is had concurrently；Based on structural analysis, heat analysis, fluid-structural coupling work(are had concurrently
Energy；Based on nonlinear dynamic analysis, have concurrently static analysis function (calculation of Prestress before such as kinematic analysis and sheet stamping into
Springback calculation after type) it is the dual-use Analysis of Currency Structure Nonlinear Finite metaprogram being combined.
It is as follows the step of the method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention refering to Fig. 1：
1. set up car body topological structure
Car body topological structure of the present invention, i.e., the locus of main skeleton part, corresponds to car crass in vehicle body
The locus of one-dimensional beam element whole story node in reduced parameter FEM model, as model.It is one-dimensional that the present invention is referred to
Beam element, two-dimentional shell unit, three-dimensional body unit etc. are all the cell types of model in Hypermesh softwares.
1) the detailed finite meta-model of automobile is obtained:
The detailed finite meta-model of automobile can be set up in the design phase engineer of automobile, the present invention will be with Automobile Design rank
The detailed finite meta-model that section is set up is foundation to set up car crass reduced parameter FEM model；
2) the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body is set up：
Using the geometric position of each two-dimentional shell unit and said three-dimensional body assembly of elements in detailed finite meta-model, utilize
Hypermesh softwares extract the geometric center point of each two end faces of part successively, and using the two central points as one-dimensional
The whole story node of beam element, sets up out the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body；
2. extracting parts cross section parameter
Section parameter of the present invention includes the cross sectional shape and the moment of inertia of one-dimensional beam element.
The section of exemplary secure part is often rectangle, single hat, double hats in body of a motor car, is designed just in body construction
Phase, in order to calculate and change conveniently, section is all generally equivalent to rectangle, processing technology is considered in later stage detailed design, is connected
The need for connecing, then cross sectional shape is further refined as single hat, double hats etc..
The present invention principle equal according to area of section is equivalent rectangular by the section of safety component, and section is calculated successively
Length and width and thickness.* SECTION_BEAM keywords in LS-DYNA are commonly used to simulate the cross section property of one-dimensional beam element, this
The inertia in three directions of sectional dimension and beam element of each safety component is inserted in invention successively in * SECTION_BEAM
Square, for the section attribute of simulating Safety part.
3. extracting parts stiffness characteristics are simultaneously parameterized
Car body collide deformation when some parts deformation be conquassation, referred to as crushable parts；The deformation of some parts
For bending, referred to as bending part.So model will be consistent with car body collision characteristic must just extract its conquassation rigidity spy
Property and bending just solely degree characteristic.Conquassation stiffness characteristics and bending stiffness characteristic use crushing force-conquassation amount curve and bending force respectively
Square-rotation curve is characterized.Stiffness characteristics carry out simulation calculation acquisition using detailed finite meta-model, and specific method is as follows：
1) conquassation stiffness characteristics are extracted and are parameterized：
For occurring the part of conquassation deformation, its stiffness characteristics is crushing force-conquassation amount curve, and the present invention will utilize limited
First simulation software Hypermesh and LS-DYNA carries out the conquassation that simulation calculation extracts part under certain loading condition
Stiffness characteristics.
Refering to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is extracts the loading schematic diagram of the conquassation stiffness characteristics of crushable parts, and loading condition is rigid walls
Barrier 1 impacts the part 2 of rear end face fixation with 1m/s constant speed in the x-direction, makes the complete conquassation of part 2.Utilize Hypermesh
Software sets up crushable parts limit element artificial module, is calculated using LS-DYNA softwares and obtains crushing force-conquassation amount curve.
Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is crushing force-conquassation amount curve synoptic diagram that is simplified and parameterizing, according to energy absorption equal principle
Crushing force-conquassation amount curve is simplified and parameterized, the curve after parametrization can use six ginsengs of Fx, Fp, Fm, dm, de and dx
Number is represented.The concrete meaning of each parameter is as shown in table 1：
Each meaning of parameters in 1 crushing force of table-conquassation amount curve
| Symbol | Implication | Unit |
| Fx | Limit crushing force | kN |
| Fp | Crushing force peak value | kN |
| Fm | Average crushing force | kN |
| dm | Conquassation amount corresponding to peak force | mm |
| de | Effective conquassation amount | mm |
| dx | Limit conquassation amount | mm |
2) extract bending stiffness characteristic and parameterize：
For the part occured bending and deformation, its stiffness characteristics is bending moment-rotation curve, and the present invention will utilize limited
First simulation software Hypermesh and LS-DYNA carries out the bending that simulation calculation extracts part under certain loading condition
Stiffness characteristics.Refering to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is that bending part finite element simulation loads schematic diagram, and loading condition is one end face of constraint component
The free degree of upper all nodes, sets up node rigid body and upper all sections with the end face at the geometric center of another end face
Point is rigidly connected, and applies 0.157rad/ms rotational angular velocity to node rigid body, part is produced the flexural deformation around y-axis.
Bending part limit element artificial module is set up using Hypermesh softwares, is calculated using LS-DYNA softwares and obtains curved
Bent torque-rotation curve.Refering to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is bending moment-rotation curve schematic diagram that is simplified and parameterizing, according to energy absorption
Bending moment-rotation curve is simplified and parameterized by equal principle, and the curve after parametrization can use Mx, Mp, Mm, θ m, θ e and θ
Six parameters of x are represented.The concrete meaning of each parameter is as shown in table 2：
Each meaning of parameters in 2 bending moments of table-rotation curve
4. intend mold part collision characteristic
(1) analog component collision characteristic is explained：Analog component collision characteristic of the present invention is to be previously obtained
Load-deflection curve and corresponding material properties assign the beam element in reduced parameter model.
(2) analog component collision characteristic method：Whole simulation process is completed with LS-DYNA, for each replacement crushed portion
The simplification beam element of part and bending part, its material is simulated with corresponding * MAT_FORCE_LIMITED materials in LS-DYNA,
Density of material, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio are sequentially input into editing interface after selection good material, finally by using in step 3
(2) in the crushing force-conquassation amount curve and utilization step 3 of the crushable parts reduced parameter that (1) is obtained are obtained
Bending moment-rotation curve of bending part reduced parameter assigns the material, and deformation component simulation is completed.
Some parts do not deform during car collision, the beam element for replacing non-deformed part,
Simulated with the * MAT_ELASTIC materials in LS-DYNA, sequentially input density of material, modulus of elasticity, Poisson and when surrender pole
Limit, the part simulation of non-deformed is completed.
5. verify reduced parameter FEM model
(1) verifying purpose：By above four steps, car crass reduced parameter FEM model, which is set up, to be completed, tool
The mould shapes of body are as shown in Figure 7.This step will carry out collision simulation using LS-DYNA softwares to model, it is therefore an objective to examine new
Can the car crass reduced parameter FEM model of foundation simulate touching for existing vehicle detailed finite meta-model well
Hit characteristic.
(2) verification method：Car crass reduced parameter FEM model is carried out using LS-DYNA will after collision simulation
Obtain four curves, respectively energy absorption curve, accelerating curve, rate curve and displacement curve, touched by contrasting automobile
Hit reduced parameter FEM model and the difference of vehicle detailed finite meta-model response curve is able to verify that newly-established automobile
Whether qualified collide reduced parameter FEM model.
Embodiment
Next the present invention introduces car crass reduced parameter FEM model of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments
Method for building up.
Chosen in embodiment based on the detailed finite meta-model of M6 type passenger cars, set up the reduced parameter of its head-on crash
Change FEM model, the detailed finite meta-model of M6 type passenger cars is as shown in Figure 6.
1. set up car body topological structure and extracting parts cross section parameter
(1) modeling analysis：Vehicle front portion is concentrated mainly on for passenger car deformation upon frontal crash, and postmedian does not have substantially
Deform.Therefore the main modeling object of simplification beam element model that the present embodiment is set up will be chosen from front-end architecture.
Bodywork component is main to produce two kinds of modes of texturing of axial conquassation and local buckling under impact loading.
(2) car body topological structure and analog component inertia characteristics process are set up：Utilize the beam list in hypermesh softwares
Member is topological to build car body, and beam element is shaped as a line segment in hypermesh, and each beam element is equivalent to car body
A part of minor structure.
Front longitudinal plays main energy-absorbing and intermal force during frontal crash of vehicles, and the present invention is by taking front longitudinal as an example, newly
A beam element is built to simulate car body detailed finite meta-model front longitudinal minor structure, car body front longitudinal section is equivalent rectangular,
* SECTION_BEAM keywords are assigned to after the length and width numerical value for determining front longitudinal section rectangle.Such is each of car body repeatedly
Minor structure sets up new beam element to simulate, the frontal crash of vehicles of foundation simplify beam element model topological structure as shown in fig. 7,
It can be seen that topological structure reflects the deployment scenarios of vehicle skeleton.
2. extracting parts stiffness characteristics are simultaneously parameterized
1) conquassation stiffness characteristics are extracted and are parameterized：
The present embodiment extracts minor structure stiffness characteristics using FInite Element, and the loading condition of FEM model is as shown in Figure 2.
By taking the front longitudinal first paragraph of car body front end as an example, front longitudinal first paragraph shape is soft using Hypermesh as shown in No. 4 parts in Fig. 8
Part sets up front longitudinal first paragraph limit element artificial module, is calculated using LS-DYNA softwares and obtains crushing force-conquassation amount curve.Just
Property obstacle the front longitudinal first paragraph of rear end constraint is hit with 1m/s constant speed, enable the conquassation completely of front longitudinal first paragraph,
Extract the conquassation amount of the impact force and front longitudinal first paragraph itself between front longitudinal first paragraph and obstacle.Refering to Fig. 3, Fig. 3
To simplify and crushing force-conquassation amount curve synoptic diagram for parameterizing, according to energy absorption equal principle by crushing force-conquassation amount curve
Simplify and parameterize.The extracting method of other crushable parts stiffness characteristics of body construction ibid, finally gives car body front end main
The conquassation stiffness characteristics of safeguard construction are as shown in table 3.
The stiffness characteristics of the car body fore-end minor structure of table 3
2) extract bending stiffness characteristic and parameterize：
Front longitudinal second segment rear end becomes due to being produced bending by the barrier effect of engine during frontal crash of vehicles
Shape, is the main bending part in head-on crash, and front longitudinal second segment shape is vertical before the present invention as shown in No. 5 parts in Fig. 8
Exemplified by beam second segment, the limit element artificial module of front longitudinal second segment is set up using Hypermesh softwares, front longitudinal second is constrained
The free degree of all nodes of Duan Yiduan, sets up node rigid body and the upper institute with the end face at the geometric center of another end face
There is joint rigidity connection, apply 0.157rad/ms rotational angular velocity to node rigid body, front longitudinal is produced the bending around y-axis
Deformation.Calculated using LS-DYNA softwares and obtain bending moment-rotation curve.The bending moment for simplifying refering to Fig. 5 and parameterizing-
Rotation curve schematic diagram, bending moment-rotation curve according to energy absorption equal principle simplified and parameterized, and obtains front longitudinal
Two sections of bending stiffness characteristic, as shown in table 4.
Table 4 extracts the Dependence Results of bending stiffness characteristic
3. analog component collision characteristic
It is respectively crushable parts, bending part, non-energy absorbing component that collision characteristic, which simulates the part that is divided into three classes,.
(1) crushable parts are simulated：For main energy absorbing component, conquassation minor structure the present embodiment is used to be carried in LS-DYNA
The beam element simulation of non-linear axial crush characteristics, material type is * MAT_FORCE_LIMITED (* MAT29), and by 2 steps
In (1) in obtained crushing force-conquassation amount curve of crushable parts reduced parameter assign the material.
(2) bending part is simulated：Nonlinear spring unit is used for the plastic hinge the present embodiment produced in flexural deformation
Simulation, material type is * MAT_NONLINEAR_PLASTIC_DISCRETE_BEAM (* MAT68), and by step 2 step
Bending moment-the rotation curve for the bending part reduced parameter that (2) are obtained assigns the material.
(3) non-energy absorbing component simulation：For non-principal energy absorbing component, as long as simulating its inertial properties, this implementation
Example uses simple beam unit simulation, and material type is * MAT_ELASTIC (* MAT1), it is ensured that quality is consistent with detailed model.
4. verify reduced parameter FEM model
Frontal crash of vehicles reduced parameter FEM model has built up completion, and the profile of model refers to Fig. 7.It will set up
Frontal crash of vehicles reduced parameter FEM model using LS-DYNA softwares carry out collision simulation calculating, obtain model
Energy absorption curve, accelerating curve, rate curve and displacement curve, this four curves and detailed finite meta-model are emulated and counted
Four obtained curves are contrasted to verify reduced parameter FEM model, refering to Fig. 9 to Figure 12.
It can be seen that the final energy absorption for simplifying beam element model and detailed finite meta-model be respectively 130J,
128kJ, error very little, for conceptual analysis model, it is this can error be acceptable.Simplify beam element model with having in detail
Crash acceleration, speed and displacement the trend uniformity that changes with time of limit meta-model are very high, but there is also certain deviation.
Remaining part is reduced to elastic material in addition to main energy absorbing component mainly due to beam element model except deformation is big, more than energy absorption
Material, is not plastically deformed, and integral rigidity is big, and collision time is short, and resilience is fast, and collision waveform peak value is big.Pass through above-mentioned analytical table
Bright, the collision process of vehicle, the deformation of collision response and key structure can be reflected by simplifying beam element model.In addition, simplifying
The CPU time that beam element model calculates used in 100ms is only 2min, is easy to be touched in quick calculate of structure design progress at initial stage
Waveform is hit, for verifying whether the performance decomposition of minor structure is reasonable, quickly to realize that energy management and load path are decomposed.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for building up of car crass reduced parameter FEM model, it is characterised in that, described car crass letter
The step of changing the method for building up of parameter finite element model is as follows：
1) car body topological structure is set up；
2) extracting parts cross section parameter；
3) extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parameterize；
4) analog component collision characteristic；
5) reduced parameter FEM model is verified.
2. according to the method for building up of the car crass reduced parameter FEM model described in claim 1, it is characterised in that, institute
The car body topological structure of setting up stated refers to：
1) the detailed finite meta-model of automobile is obtained:
The detailed finite meta-model of automobile can be set up in the design phase engineer of automobile, this step will find the Automobile Design stage
The detailed finite meta-model set up；Prepared to set up car crass reduced parameter FEM model；
2) the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body is set up：
Using the geometric position of each two-dimentional shell unit and said three-dimensional body assembly of elements in detailed finite meta-model, utilize
Hypermesh softwares extract the geometric center point of each two end faces of part successively, and using the two central points as one-dimensional
The whole story node of beam element, sets up out the one-dimensional beam element topological model of car body；
3) car body topology controlment is set up.
3. according to the method for building up of the car crass reduced parameter FEM model described in claim 1, it is characterised in that, institute
The extracting parts cross section parameter stated refers to：
1) principle equal according to area of section is equivalent rectangular by the section of safety component, and the length and width in section is calculated successively
And thickness；
2) the * SECTION_BEAM keywords in LS-DYNA are commonly used to simulate the cross section property of one-dimensional beam element, in *
The moment of inertia in three directions of sectional dimension and beam element of each safety component is inserted in SECTION_BEAM successively, for mould
Intend the section attribute of safety component.
4. according to the method for building up of the car crass reduced parameter FEM model described in claim 1, it is characterised in that, institute
The extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parametrization stated refer to：
1) conquassation stiffness characteristics are extracted and are parameterized：
(1) loading condition is the part (2) that rigid obstacle (1) impacts rear end face fixation with 1m/s constant speed in the x-direction, is made
The complete conquassation of part 2；
(2) crushable parts limit element artificial module is set up using Hypermesh softwares, is calculated and pressed using LS-DYNA softwares
Routed power-conquassation amount curve；
(3) crushing force-conquassation amount curve is simplified and parameterized according to energy absorption equal principle, the curve after parametrization can be used
Six parameters of Fx, Fp, Fm, dm, de and dx represent, wherein：
Fx. limit crushing force, unit .kN；Fp. crushing force peak value, unit .kN；Fm. be averaged crushing force, unit .kN；Dm. peak value
Conquassation amount corresponding to power, unit .mm；De. effective conquassation amount, unit .mm；Dx. limit conquassation amount, unit .Mm；
2) extract bending stiffness characteristic and parameterize：
(1) loading condition is the free degree of all nodes on one end face of constraint component, at the geometric center of another end face
Set up node rigid body and upper all joint rigidities with the end face are connected, apply 0.157rad/ms rotation to node rigid body
Angular speed, makes part produce the flexural deformation around y-axis；
(2) bending part limit element artificial module is set up using Hypermesh softwares, is calculated using LS-DYNA softwares and obtain curved
Bent torque-rotation curve；
(3) bending moment-rotation curve is simplified and parameterized according to energy absorption equal principle, the curve after parametrization can be used
Mx, Mp, Mm, θ m, θ e and θ six parameters of x represent, wherein：
Mx. extreme flexion torque, unit .Nm；Mp. the peak value of bending moment, unit .Nm；Mm. average bending force square, single
Position .Nm；Corner corresponding to θ m. peak torques, unit .rad；The effective angle of bend of θ e., unit .rad；θ x. extreme flexions
Angle, unit .rad.
5. according to the method for building up of the car crass reduced parameter FEM model described in claim 1, it is characterised in that, institute
The analog component collision characteristic stated refers to：
(1) whole simulation process is completed with LS-DYNA, for each replacement crushable parts and the simplification beam element of bending part,
Its material is simulated with corresponding * MAT_FORCE_LIMITED materials in LS-DYNA, enters editing interface after selection good material
Sequentially input density of material, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio；
(2) finally the crushable parts obtained using (1) step in extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parameterization step are simplified
What (2) step in the crushing force of parametrization-conquassation amount curve and utilization extracting parts stiffness characteristics and parametrization was obtained
Bending moment-rotation curve of bending part reduced parameter assigns the material, and deformation component simulation is completed；
(3) some parts do not deform during car collision, the beam element for replacing non-deformed part, use
* MAT_ELASTIC materials in LS-DYNA are simulated, and sequentially input density of material, modulus of elasticity, Poisson when yield limit,
The part simulation of non-deformed is completed.
6. according to the method for building up of the car crass reduced parameter FEM model described in claim 1, it is characterised in that, institute
The checking reduced parameter FEM model stated.
(1) four curves will be obtained after carrying out collision simulation to car crass reduced parameter FEM model using LS-DYNA,
Respectively energy absorption curve, accelerating curve, rate curve and displacement curve；
(2) by contrasting the difference of car crass reduced parameter FEM model and vehicle detailed finite meta-model response curve
It is able to verify that whether newly-established car crass reduced parameter FEM model is qualified.
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