CN107246715B - Inner circulation low-temperature grain storage system and method - Google Patents
Inner circulation low-temperature grain storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107246715B CN107246715B CN201710418960.3A CN201710418960A CN107246715B CN 107246715 B CN107246715 B CN 107246715B CN 201710418960 A CN201710418960 A CN 201710418960A CN 107246715 B CN107246715 B CN 107246715B
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 314
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inner loop low-temperature grain storage system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the granary is provided with at least one ventilation opening at the bottom, an electric window is arranged on the wall surface, an electric valve is arranged at the ventilation opening, one ventilation opening is communicated with one end of a heat preservation pipe, the other end of the heat preservation pipe is connected with a circulating fan, and a ventilation ground cage is arranged on the ground of the granary; a ventilating device including at least one centrifugal fan, at least one circulation fan, and at least one air conditioner; the grain condition detection unit comprises a plurality of grain bulk temperature sensors and an in-bin temperature and humidity sensor; and the intelligent ventilation unit comprises a first server and an intelligent control cabinet, wherein the first server is in communication connection with the small weather station outside the warehouse, and automatically controls the operation of the ventilation equipment and the opening and closing of the electric valve through the intelligent control cabinet. The intelligent control system can perform intelligent control in time when the temperature of the grain pile and the temperature and humidity in the warehouse deviate from the safe grain storage range, thereby reducing the labor intensity of warehouse managers and greatly reducing the warehouse management cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grain storage. More specifically, the invention relates to an inner loop low-temperature grain storage system and a method.
Background
When the grains are stored, the conditions of heating, mildewing and the like can occur when the temperature and the humidity exceed standards. The traditional method is used for testing equipment such as a hygrometer, a hair hygrometer, a bimetal type measuring meter, humidity test paper and the like, manual detection is carried out, and the warehouse which does not meet the temperature and humidity requirements is ventilated, dehumidified, cooled and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inner loop low-temperature grain storage system, which solves the problem that the existing grain storage system is not intelligent enough through a grain condition detection unit, an intelligent ventilation unit and a grain condition monitoring alarm unit, and can perform intelligent regulation and control in time when the temperature of a grain pile and the temperature and humidity in a bin deviate from a safe grain storage range, thereby reducing the labor intensity of bin managers.
The invention also aims to provide an inner circulation low-temperature grain storage method, so that the annual average temperature in a warehouse is kept below 15 ℃, the average grain temperature in a high-temperature season in summer is 15-17 ℃, condensation is effectively prevented, the requirements of low-temperature and quasi-low-temperature grain storage are met, and the requirements of low energy consumption, low cost, low manpower, material resources and environmental-protection grain storage are met.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided an internal circulation low temperature grain storage system, comprising:
the grain bin comprises a grain bin, wherein the bottom of one wall of the grain bin is provided with at least one ventilation opening, the other wall opposite to the one wall is provided with an electric window, the ventilation opening is provided with an electric valve, one ventilation opening is communicated with the bottom of a heat insulation pipe, the top of the heat insulation pipe is provided with a bent part, the bent part extends into the grain bin and is positioned above grains, the ground of the grain bin is provided with a ventilation ground cage, and the ventilation ground cage is communicated with the at least one ventilation opening;
the ventilation equipment comprises at least one centrifugal fan, at least one circulating fan and at least one air conditioner, wherein one ventilation opening corresponds to the centrifugal fan and the circulating fan, the ventilation opening is communicated with an air outlet of the centrifugal fan, the circulating fan is arranged at the top of the heat preservation pipe, and the air conditioner is arranged at the upper part of the grain surface in the granary;
the grain condition detection unit comprises a plurality of grain stack temperature sensors arranged in a grain stack and an in-bin temperature and humidity sensor arranged above the grain stack, and the grain condition detection unit outputs data of the temperature of the grain stack and the temperature and humidity in the bin;
the intelligent ventilation unit comprises a first server and an intelligent control cabinet, wherein the first server receives grain bulk temperature and humidity data in a bin through a grain condition extension set, the intelligent control cabinet is connected with ventilation equipment and an electric valve, the first server is in communication connection with a small weather station outside the bin and receives the real-time temperature and humidity of the small weather station, the first server compares the acquired real-time temperature and humidity of the small weather station with the grain bulk temperature and the temperature and humidity in the bin, and the operation of the ventilation equipment in the bin and the opening and closing of the electric valve are controlled through the intelligent control cabinet.
Preferably, in the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system, the first server is also preset with grain bulk temperature alarm range thresholds of different grain varieties, and if the alarm range thresholds do not fall, an alarm instruction is output;
the inner loop low temperature stores up grain system still includes:
the grain condition monitoring and alarming unit comprises a display and an alarm which are in communication connection with the first server, wherein the display displays the temperature and the humidity of the grain bulk, the temperature and the humidity in the granary and the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by the small weather station, and displays the distribution of the temperature sensor of the grain bulk and the temperature and humidity sensor in the granary and the operation of ventilation equipment through a three-dimensional model; and the alarm receives the alarm instruction and sends alarm information.
Preferably, the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system further comprises:
the PC end is in communication connection with the first server so as to set parameters of intelligent ventilation and an alarm range threshold value;
and the mobile client is in communication connection with the alarm to receive alarm information.
Preferably, the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system further comprises:
and the voice broadcasting device is in communication connection with the first server and broadcasts voice by calling a pre-stored voice packet or a character conversion voice interface.
Preferably, in the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system, the three-dimensional model adopts a B/S system structure to realize real-time acquisition, and a 3d granary model is combined with a web browser by using a WEBGL technology to show the distribution of a grain bulk temperature sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor in the granary in the whole three-dimensional granary and the operation of ventilation equipment.
Preferably, in the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system, the plurality of grain pile temperature sensors are specifically arranged as follows:
the grain stack temperature sensors are buried in the grain stack, the grain stack temperature sensors are arranged according to the horizontal line spacing of 3.7-5.0 m, the column spacing of 4.5-5.0 m and the vertical spacing of 0.8-2.0 m, and the distance from the grain stack temperature sensor at the outermost periphery in the grain stack to the upper surface of the grain stack, the bottom of the grain stack and the wall of the grain stack is 0.3-1 m.
Preferably, in the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system, the first server further calculates the dew point temperature through the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by the small weather station;
the intelligent control cabinet is used for controlling the operation of ventilation equipment in the granary and the opening and closing of the electric valve and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. external cold air refrigeration:
the starting conditions are that the humidity measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the warehouse is greater than the real-time humidity obtained by the small meteorological station, the average value of the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors of all grain piles in the grain piles is higher than the dew point temperature calculated by the first server, and the real-time temperature obtained by the small meteorological station is 6-8 ℃ lower than the average value of the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors of all grain piles in the grain piles;
the ending condition is that the temperature of the grain is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range;
the method comprises the steps that the starting condition corresponds to the opening of an electric valve, an electric window and a centrifugal fan, and the ending condition corresponds to the closing of the electric valve of the centrifugal fan, the electric window and the electric valve;
B. inner circulation flow refrigeration:
the starting condition is that the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the surface layer of the grain pile is 2 ℃ higher than the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the bottom layer of the grain pile, and the external temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃;
the ending condition is that the temperature gradient of the grain pile is less than 1 ℃/m;
the starting condition corresponds to the opening of the circulation fan, the closing of the electric valve and the electric window, and the ending condition corresponds to the closing of the circulation fan;
C. air-conditioning refrigeration:
the starting condition is that the temperature value measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the bin is greater than the low-temperature grain storage safety value;
the ending condition is that the temperature in the barn is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range;
the start condition corresponds to the turning on of the air conditioner and the circulation fan, and the end condition corresponds to the turning off of the air conditioner and the circulation fan.
Preferably, in the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system, the air flow direction of the air conditioner is horizontal.
An inner loop flow low-temperature grain storage method comprises the following steps:
a. in 12 months, 1 month after the next year, when the humidity measured by the humidity sensor in the granary is greater than the real-time humidity acquired by the small meteorological station, the average value of the temperatures measured by all the temperature sensors of the grain bulk in the grain bulk is higher than the dew point temperature calculated by the first server, and the real-time temperature acquired by the small meteorological station is 6-8 ℃ lower than the average value of the temperatures measured by all the temperature sensors of the grain bulk in the grain bulk, starting each electric valve, each electric window and each centrifugal fan, enabling the centrifugal fans to convey cold air into the grain granary through the ventilation ground cage, enabling the cold air to pass through the whole grain bulk and then go out through the electric windows, and closing each electric valve, each electric window and each centrifugal fan after the grain temperature is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range;
b. in spring of the next year, all doors and windows and the electric valves are closed to enable the granary to be in a closed state, and the granary is insulated;
c. in summer of the next year, when the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the surface layer of the grain pile is 2 ℃ higher than the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the bottom layer of the grain pile, and the external temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, the circulation fan is started, the electric valve and the electric window are closed, the circulation fan pumps up cold air at the bottom of the grains, the air at the upper part is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain pile to form internal circulation, so that the grain temperature in the whole grain bin is balanced, and when the temperature gradient of the grain pile is less than 1 ℃/m, the circulation fan is closed; when the temperature value measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the granary is larger than the low-temperature grain storage safety value, the air conditioner is started, the circulating fan is started at the same time, the circulating fan pumps air at the bottom of grains, the pressure intensity of the upper part in the granary is higher than that of the bottom, cold air is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain bulk to form internal circulation, and the air conditioner and the circulating fan are closed after the temperature in the granary is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range;
d. turning over the grain surface and opening the door and window at the same time in the next autumn and in sunny days at 17-21 days.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the grain condition detection unit comprises a plurality of grain pile temperature sensors arranged in a grain pile and an in-bin temperature and humidity sensor arranged above the grain pile in the bin, and can effectively monitor the temperature of each acquisition point position in the grain pile and avoid the condition of inaccurate monitoring of the temperature of the grain pile. The humidity of the grain is controlled in a lower range before the grain enters the grain depot, a humidity sensor can be omitted from being arranged in the grain pile, and the temperature and the humidity in the grain depot can be monitored by a temperature and humidity sensor arranged above the grain pile in the grain depot, so that the cost can be effectively saved.
Secondly, the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by the small-sized weather station are compared with the temperature of the grain bulk and the temperature and humidity in the bin through the first server, the operation of the ventilation equipment and the opening and closing of the electric valve are controlled through the intelligent control cabinet, and the ventilation equipment comprises various ventilation modes such as external cold air refrigeration, internal circulation refrigeration, air conditioning refrigeration and the like, so that the timely automatic regulation and control can be carried out when the temperature of the grain bulk and the temperature and humidity in the bin deviate from the safe grain storage range, and the external dry cold air refrigeration is adopted in winter, so that an external cold source is fully utilized, the electric energy consumption of the ventilation equipment is saved, and the use cost of the warehouse is greatly reduced.
And thirdly, the first server of the invention also presets grain stack temperature alarm range threshold values of different grain varieties, outputs an alarm instruction if the monitored grain stack temperature does not fall into the alarm range threshold value, then the alarm receives the alarm instruction and sends alarm information to the mobile client to inform related personnel to check and process the alarm information, thereby preventing loss caused by failure of equipment and incapability of intelligently cooling and ventilating.
Fourthly, a display in the grain condition monitoring and alarming unit can show the temperature of a grain bulk, the temperature and humidity in the grain bin and the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by a small weather station, and the 3d grain bin model is combined with a web browser by using a WEBGL technology through a B/S system structure in a three-dimensional model to show the distribution of a grain bulk temperature sensor and a grain temperature and humidity sensor in the grain bin and the operation of ventilation equipment in the whole three-dimensional grain bin, so that the grain condition monitoring and alarming unit is convenient to use, install and upgrade on the one hand, and only needs to be correspondingly deployed, released and updated at a server end; on the other hand, the three-dimensional warehouse and the exhibition of the facility running state have the advantages that other configuration and control software do not have, the warehouse model can be truly and intuitively exhibited in a 3d dragging mode, and the exhibition effect is more intuitive.
Fifthly, the voice broadcaster combines the types of the grains stored in the bin and the temperature and humidity into voice broadcast contents, and broadcasts the broadcast contents in a voice reading mode by calling the self-contained voice packet of the system or calling a text conversion voice interface, so that the problems of nonstandard pronunciation, misreading and the like of different workers can be effectively reduced.
Sixth, the invention utilizes the outside dry and cold air to continuously reduce the temperature inside the grain pile, and combines with the external equipment to reduce the temperature inside the grain pile, so that the whole temperature of the grain storage in the granary is always kept in a relatively low state.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of an internal circulation low-temperature grain storage system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the granary according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the power window according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides an inner loop low temperature grain storage system, comprising:
the granary comprises a granary 100, wherein the bottom of one wall of the granary is provided with at least one vent 101, the other wall opposite to the one wall is provided with an electric window 105, the vent 101 is provided with an electric valve 104, one vent 101 is communicated with the bottom of a heat insulation pipe 102, the top of the heat insulation pipe 102 is provided with a bent part, the bent part extends into the granary 100 and is positioned above grains, the ground of the granary 100 is provided with a ventilation ground cage 103, and the ventilation ground cage 103 is communicated with the at least one vent 101;
the ventilation equipment comprises at least one centrifugal fan 110, at least one circulating fan 120 and at least one air conditioner 130, wherein one ventilation opening 101 corresponds to the centrifugal fan 110 and the circulating fan 120, the ventilation opening 101 is communicated with an air outlet of the centrifugal fan 110, the circulating fan 120 is arranged at the top of the heat-insulating pipe 102, and the air conditioner 130 is arranged at the upper part of the grain surface in the granary 100;
the grain condition detection unit comprises a plurality of grain stack temperature sensors 140 arranged in a grain stack and an in-bin temperature and humidity sensor 150 arranged above the grain stack, and the grain condition detection unit outputs data of the temperature of the grain stack and the temperature and humidity in the bin;
the intelligent ventilation unit comprises a first server 160 for receiving grain bulk temperature and humidity data in the granary through a grain condition extension 190, and an intelligent control cabinet 170 connected with ventilation equipment and an electric valve 104, wherein the intelligent control cabinet 170 is connected with an air conditioner 130, a centrifugal fan 110, an electric window 105, a circulating fan 120 and the electric valve 104, the first server 160 is in communication connection with a small weather station 180 outside the granary and receives real-time temperature and humidity of the small weather station 180, the first server 160 compares the acquired real-time temperature and humidity of the small weather station 180 with the grain bulk temperature and the temperature and humidity in the granary, and controls the operation of the ventilation equipment in the granary 100 and the opening and closing of the electric valve 104 through the intelligent control cabinet 170.
The inner loop low temperature grain storage system that this scheme provided, when using, the grain condition detecting element is with the output of grain heap temperature and humidity data in the storehouse, and first server 160 receives the grain heap temperature and the temperature and humidity in the storehouse of grain condition detecting element output through grain condition extension 190, acquires the real-time humiture of small-size weather station 180 simultaneously to compare the real-time humiture that the small-size weather station 180 acquireed with grain heap temperature and humidity in the storehouse, then control ventilation equipment's operation and motorised valve 104's switching.
In another set of technical solutions, the first server 160 also presets grain stack temperature alarm range thresholds of different grain varieties, and outputs an alarm instruction if the alarm range thresholds do not fall;
the inner loop low temperature stores up grain system still includes:
the grain condition monitoring and alarming unit comprises a display 200 and an alarm 210 which are in communication connection with the first server 160, wherein the display 200 displays the temperature and the humidity of the grain bulk, the temperature and the humidity in the granary and the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by the small weather station 180, and displays the distribution of the temperature sensor 140 and the temperature and humidity sensor 150 in the granary 100 and the operation of ventilation equipment through a three-dimensional model; the alarm 210 receives the alarm instruction and sends out alarm information.
When the inner loop low-temperature grain storage system provided by the scheme is used, the display 200 is in communication connection with the first server 160, so that the display 200 can show the temperature and humidity of a grain bulk, the temperature and humidity in the granary and the real-time temperature and humidity obtained by the small weather station 180, and show the distribution of the temperature sensor 140 and the temperature and humidity sensor 150 in the granary 100 and the operation of ventilation equipment through the three-dimensional model; the first server 160 also presets grain stack temperature alarm range thresholds of different grain varieties, and outputs an alarm instruction if the alarm range thresholds do not fall; the alarm 210 receives the alarm instruction and sends out alarm information.
In another set of aspects, the method further comprises:
the PC end 220 is in communication connection with the first server 160 to set parameters of intelligent ventilation and alarm range threshold values;
and the mobile client 230 is in communication connection with the alarm 210 to receive the alarm information, notify relevant personnel to check and process the alarm information, and prevent loss caused by failure of the system due to intelligent cooling.
In another set of aspects, the method further comprises:
voice broadcast ware 240, its with first server 160 communication connection carries out voice broadcast through calling the voice packet that prestores or text conversion voice interface, can effectively reduce different staff's pronunciation and not standard like this, misread scheduling problem.
In another group of technical scheme, the three-dimensional model adopts a B/S system structure to realize real-time acquisition, a 3d granary 100 model is combined with a web browser by using a WEBGL technology to show the distribution of the grain bulk temperature sensor 140 and the in-granary temperature and humidity sensor 150 in the whole three-dimensional granary 100 and the running condition of ventilation equipment, the technology has the advantages that other configuration and control software do not have, the granary model can be truly and intuitively displayed in a 3d dragging mode, and the display effect is more intuitive.
In another set of technical solutions, the plurality of grain pile temperature sensors 140 are specifically set as:
the grain stack temperature sensors 140 are buried in the grain stack, the grain stack temperature sensors 140 are arranged according to the horizontal line spacing of 3.7-5.0 m, the column spacing of 4.5-5.0 m and the vertical spacing of 0.8-2.0 m, and the distance from the grain stack temperature sensor 140 at the outermost periphery in the grain stack to the upper surface, the bottom and the wall of the grain stack is 0.3-1 m, so that the temperature of each acquisition point position in the grain stack can be effectively monitored, and the condition that the monitoring of the temperature of the grain stack is inaccurate is avoided.
In another set of technical solutions, the first server 160 further calculates the dew point temperature through the real-time temperature and humidity acquired from the small weather station 180, and the air dew point temperature is calculated by the first server 160 according to the temperature and humidity acquired from the small weather station 180 through a dew point formula;
the intelligent control cabinet 170 for controlling the operation of the ventilation equipment in the granary 100 and the opening and closing of the electric valve 104 specifically comprises:
A. external cold air refrigeration:
the starting conditions are that the humidity measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 150 in the warehouse is greater than the real-time humidity acquired by the small weather station 180, the average value of the temperatures measured by all the grain stack temperature sensors 140 in the grain stack is higher than the dew point temperature calculated by the first server 160, and the real-time temperature acquired by the small weather station 180 is lower than the average value of the temperatures measured by all the grain stack temperature sensors 140 in the grain stack by 6-8 ℃;
the ending condition is that the temperature of the grain is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range;
the starting condition corresponds to the opening of the electric valve 104, the electric window 105 and the centrifugal fan 110, and the ending condition corresponds to the closing of the centrifugal fan 110, the electric window 105 and the electric valve 104;
the specific operation is as follows: and (3) opening the electric valves 104 at the positions of the ventilation openings 101 and the electric windows 105 on the other wall, conveying cold air into the granary 100 through the ventilation ground cage 103 by using the centrifugal fan 110, enabling the cold air to pass through the whole grain stack and then to exit through the electric windows 105, and closing all the centrifugal fans 110, the electric windows 105 and the electric valves 104 at the positions of the ventilation openings 101 after the grain temperature is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range. This mode is typically used during winter.
B. Inner circulation flow refrigeration:
the starting condition is that the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors 140 on the surface layer of the grain pile is higher than the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors 140 on the bottom layer of the grain pile by 2 ℃, and the external temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃;
the ending condition is that the temperature gradient of the grain pile is less than 1 ℃/m;
the start condition corresponds to the opening of the circulation fan 120, the closing of the electric valve 104 and the electric window 105, and the end condition corresponds to the closing of the circulation fan 120;
the specific operation is as follows: after the external cold air refrigeration mode is finished, the interior of the granary 100 is in a closed environment, the circulating fan 120 is started at the moment, cold air at the bottom of grains is pumped up, air at the upper part is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain bulk, so that the temperature of the grains in the whole granary 100 is balanced, and when the temperature gradient of the grain bulk is less than 1 ℃/m, the circulating fan 120 is closed. This mode is typically used in spring and summer.
C. The air conditioner 130 refrigerates:
the starting condition is that the temperature value measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 150 in the bin is greater than the low-temperature grain storage safety value;
the ending condition is that the temperature in the barn is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range;
the start condition corresponds to the turning-on of the air conditioner 130 and the circulation fan 120, and the end condition corresponds to the turning-off of the air conditioner 130 and the circulation fan 120;
the specific operation is as follows: when the temperature in the granary 100 is higher than the low-temperature grain storage safety value, the air conditioner 130 is started, the circulating fan 120 is started at the same time, air at the bottom is pumped out, the pressure of the upper part in the granary 100 is higher than that of the bottom, cold air can be automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain bulk, the purpose of cooling is achieved, an internal circulating current is formed, and when the temperature in the granary 100 is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range, the air conditioner 130 and the circulating fan 120 are closed. This mode is typically used in summer.
In another set of technical solutions, the air flow direction of the air conditioner 130 is horizontal, so that the temperature of the air above the grain pile in the grain bin 100 can be quickly reduced, the air at the bottom is pumped out under the action of the circulation fan 120, the pressure at the upper part in the grain bin 100 is higher than that at the bottom, the cold air can be automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain pile, the purpose of cooling is achieved, and an internal circulation is formed.
In the three modes, after one mode is finished, whether the mode is switched or not is automatically judged.
An inner loop flow low-temperature grain storage method comprises the following steps:
a. in 12 months, 1 month after the next year, when the humidity measured by the humidity sensor in the granary is greater than the real-time humidity acquired by the small meteorological station, the average value of the temperatures measured by all the temperature sensors of the grain bulk in the grain bulk is higher than the dew point temperature calculated by the first server, and the real-time temperature acquired by the small meteorological station is 6-8 ℃ lower than the average value of the temperatures measured by all the temperature sensors of the grain bulk in the grain bulk, starting each electric valve, each electric window and each centrifugal fan, enabling the centrifugal fans to convey cold air into the grain granary through the ventilation ground cage, enabling the cold air to pass through the whole grain bulk and then go out through the electric windows, and closing each electric valve, each electric window and each centrifugal fan after the grain temperature is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range;
b. in spring of the next year, all doors and windows and the electric valves are closed to enable the granary to be in a closed state, and the granary is insulated;
c. in summer of the next year, when the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the surface layer of the grain pile is 2 ℃ higher than the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the bottom layer of the grain pile, and the external temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, the circulating fan is started, the cold air at the bottom of the grains is pumped up by the circulating fan, the air at the upper part is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain pile to form internal circulation, so that the grain temperature in the whole grain bin is balanced, and when the temperature gradient of the grain pile is less than 1 ℃/m, the circulating fan is closed; when the temperature value measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the granary is larger than the low-temperature grain storage safety value, the air conditioner is started, the circulating fan is started at the same time, the circulating fan pumps air at the bottom of grains, the pressure intensity of the upper part in the granary is higher than that of the bottom, cold air is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain bulk to form internal circulation, and the air conditioner and the circulating fan are closed after the temperature in the granary is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range;
d. turning over the grain surface and opening the door and window at the same time in the next autumn and in sunny days at 17-21 days.
The main contents of the natural low-temperature grain storage include a low-temperature storage technology for cooling and maintaining the grain temperature in a warehouse by utilizing a natural cold source, favorable natural conditions are fully utilized, all doors, windows and ventilation openings are opened stage by stage to carry out natural low-temperature grain storage, and the specific principle and the process of the natural low-temperature grain storage are as follows:
1. a low temperature is grabbed in winter to make a foundation;
the characteristic of low temperature in winter is fully utilized, and from 12 months to the middle of each year, when the outside temperature is obviously reduced, the temperature of the grain pile is reduced by opening all doors and windows, ventilation openings and naturally ventilating a centrifugal fan. The specific method for cooling by utilizing a natural cold source in winter comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly opening all doors and vents at the bottom of the granary, starting a centrifugal fan to enable cold air to form cold air circulation from the vents at the bottom of the granary from bottom to top, carrying out natural ventilation for 2-3 stages in a fine day according to actual change conditions of air temperature and grain temperature, carrying out cooling treatment on parts with unobvious cooling effects by using single-pipe ventilation in combination with the purposes of reducing temperature difference and balancing grain temperature, and finally achieving the purpose of reducing the grain temperature of the whole granary. The natural low-temperature ventilation is finished in 1 month in the next year, so that the average grain temperature of the whole barn is reduced to below 15 ℃. Because the natural low-temperature ventilation of dry and cold air is mainly used in the ventilation process, the external cold source is fully utilized, the electric energy consumption of ventilation equipment is effectively saved, and the cost is greatly reduced.
2. The low-temperature grain storage effect is solidified in a closed manner in spring;
in order to consolidate the low-temperature grain storage environment created by natural low temperature in winter and prevent the temperature of the granary and the grain temperature from increasing too fast along with the temperature rise in spring, the sealing work of the ventilation openings and the doors and the windows needs to be done intensively, all the doors and the ventilation openings need to be closed tightly before the temperature rise, and the heat insulation work needs to be done so as to keep the temperature in the granary at a low temperature state.
3. Natural ventilation in summer keeps the low-temperature grain storage result;
in the grain storage process, the change condition in summer in the storehouse is compared, and the grain pile stored at low temperature in winter forms a relatively stable core area in the middle and lower layers, and the temperature change amplitude is relatively small. The sensitive part of the grain bulk temperature change is the surface layer which is 30-50 cm away from the grain surface and is directly influenced by the temperature of the bin, so the key point of realizing low-temperature or quasi-low-temperature grain storage in high-temperature seasons in summer is to effectively control the temperature of the bin, thereby effectively controlling the temperature of the grain. The specific method for realizing low-temperature grain storage in summer comprises the following steps: closing all doors and windows, opening the ventilation opening, starting the circulating fan, pumping up cold air at the bottom of grains, automatically pressing down air at the upper part, penetrating through the grain pile to form internal circulation, and balancing the grain temperature in the whole granary. When the temperature in the granary is higher than the low-temperature grain storage safety value, the air conditioner is started, the air at the bottom is pumped out through the circulating fan, the pressure at the upper part in the granary is higher than that at the bottom, cold air can be automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain pile, and therefore internal circulation is formed, and the purpose of cooling is achieved.
4. The anti-condensation in autumn improves the low-temperature grain storage result;
in autumn, the change of the outside air temperature is large, so that the phenomenon of dewing caused by too fast temperature drop is prevented, people in a warehouse need to turn over the grain surface in time, and meanwhile, the doors and the windows are opened for ventilation and air dissipation, so that the temperature difference is reduced, and the dewing is prevented. The ventilation time in autumn is generally 17-21 days, and the external temperature and humidity and the bin temperature and the bin humidity are checked every 2h during ventilation, so that new condensation caused by poor ventilation is prevented. On the basis of the work, the pest control work is done actively, and the use of chemical agents is reduced.
The natural low-temperature grain storage technology utilizes the external natural low temperature to realize that the annual average temperature in the barn is kept below 15 ℃, the average grain temperature is 15-17 ℃ in the high-temperature season in summer, condensation is effectively prevented, the requirements of low-temperature and quasi-low-temperature grain storage are met, and the requirements of low energy consumption, low cost, low manpower, material resources and environmental protection grain storage are finally met. In the whole grain storage process, the moisture change of the grains is very small, so that the quality of the grains is maintained.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an inner loop flows low temperature and stores up grain system which characterized in that includes:
the grain bin comprises a grain bin, wherein the bottom of one wall of the grain bin is provided with at least one ventilation opening, the other wall opposite to the one wall is provided with an electric window, the ventilation opening is provided with an electric valve, one ventilation opening is communicated with the bottom of a heat insulation pipe, the top of the heat insulation pipe is provided with a bent part, the bent part extends into the grain bin and is positioned above grains, the ground of the grain bin is provided with a ventilation ground cage, and the ventilation ground cage is communicated with the at least one ventilation opening;
the ventilation equipment comprises at least one centrifugal fan, at least one circulating fan and at least one air conditioner, wherein one ventilation opening corresponds to the centrifugal fan and the circulating fan, the ventilation opening is communicated with an air outlet of the centrifugal fan, the circulating fan is arranged at the top of the heat preservation pipe, and the air conditioner is arranged at the upper part of the grain surface in the granary;
the grain condition detection unit comprises a plurality of grain stack temperature sensors arranged in a grain stack and an in-bin temperature and humidity sensor arranged above the grain stack, and the grain condition detection unit outputs data of the temperature of the grain stack and the temperature and humidity in the bin;
the intelligent ventilation unit comprises a first server and an intelligent control cabinet, wherein the first server receives grain bulk temperature and humidity data in a granary through a grain condition extension machine, the intelligent control cabinet is connected with the ventilation equipment and the electric valve, the first server is in communication connection with a small weather station outside the granary and receives real-time temperature and humidity of the small weather station, the first server compares the acquired real-time temperature and humidity of the small weather station with the grain bulk temperature and the temperature and humidity in the granary, and the intelligent control cabinet controls the operation of the ventilation equipment in the granary and the opening and closing of the electric valve;
the first server calculates the dew point temperature through the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by the small weather station;
the intelligent control cabinet is used for controlling the operation of ventilation equipment in the granary and the opening and closing of the electric valve and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. external cold air refrigeration:
the starting conditions are that the humidity measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the warehouse is greater than the real-time humidity obtained by the small meteorological station, the average value of the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors of all grain piles in the grain piles is higher than the dew point temperature calculated by the first server, and the real-time temperature obtained by the small meteorological station is 6-8 ℃ lower than the average value of the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors of all grain piles in the grain piles;
the ending condition is that the temperature of the grain is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range;
the method comprises the steps that starting conditions correspond to the opening of an electric valve, an electric window and a centrifugal fan, and finishing conditions correspond to the closing of the centrifugal fan, the electric window and the electric valve;
B. inner circulation flow refrigeration:
the starting condition is that the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the surface layer of the grain pile is 2 ℃ higher than the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the bottom layer of the grain pile, and the external temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃;
the ending condition is that the temperature gradient of the grain pile is less than 1 ℃/m;
the starting condition corresponds to the opening of the circulation fan, the closing of the electric valve and the electric window, and the ending condition corresponds to the closing of the circulation fan;
C. air-conditioning refrigeration:
the starting condition is that the temperature value measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the bin is greater than the low-temperature grain storage safety value;
the ending condition is that the temperature in the barn is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range;
the start condition corresponds to the turning on of the air conditioner and the circulation fan, and the end condition corresponds to the turning off of the air conditioner and the circulation fan.
2. The inner loop low-temperature grain storage system according to claim 1, wherein a grain bulk temperature alarm range threshold value of different grain varieties is preset in the first server, and if the alarm range threshold value is not included, an alarm instruction is output;
the inner loop low temperature stores up grain system still includes:
the grain condition monitoring and alarming unit comprises a display and an alarm which are in communication connection with the first server, wherein the display displays the temperature and the humidity of the grain bulk, the temperature and the humidity in the granary and the real-time temperature and humidity acquired by the small weather station, and displays the distribution of the temperature sensor of the grain bulk and the temperature and humidity sensor in the granary and the operation of ventilation equipment through a three-dimensional model; and the alarm receives the alarm instruction and sends alarm information.
3. The inner loop low temperature grain storage system of claim 2, further comprising:
the PC end is in communication connection with the first server so as to set parameters of intelligent ventilation and an alarm range threshold value;
and the mobile client is in communication connection with the alarm to receive alarm information.
4. The inner loop low temperature grain storage system of claim 2, further comprising:
and the voice broadcasting device is in communication connection with the first server and broadcasts voice by calling a pre-stored voice packet or a character conversion voice interface.
5. The internal circulation cryogenic grain storage system of claim 2, wherein the three-dimensional model employs a B/S architecture to achieve real-time acquisition, a 3d grain bin model is combined with a web browser using webbl technology to display the distribution of bulk temperature sensors, in-bin temperature and humidity sensors, and the operation of ventilation equipment throughout the three-dimensional grain bin.
6. The internal circulation low-temperature grain storage system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of grain pile temperature sensors are specifically arranged as follows:
the grain stack temperature sensors are buried in the grain stack, the grain stack temperature sensors are arranged according to the horizontal line spacing of 3.7-5.0 m, the column spacing of 4.5-5.0 m and the vertical spacing of 0.8-2.0 m, and the distance from the grain stack temperature sensor at the outermost periphery in the grain stack to the upper surface of the grain stack, the bottom of the grain stack and the wall of the grain stack is 0.3-1 m.
7. The internal circulation low temperature grain storage system of claim 1, wherein the air flow direction of the air conditioner is horizontal.
8. The internal circulation low-temperature grain storage method of the internal circulation low-temperature grain storage system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. in 12 months, 1 month after the next year, when the humidity measured by the humidity sensor in the granary is greater than the real-time humidity acquired by the small meteorological station, the average value of the temperatures measured by all the temperature sensors of the grain bulk in the grain bulk is higher than the dew point temperature calculated by the first server, and the real-time temperature acquired by the small meteorological station is 6-8 ℃ lower than the average value of the temperatures measured by all the temperature sensors of the grain bulk in the grain bulk, starting each electric valve, each electric window and each centrifugal fan, enabling the centrifugal fans to convey cold air into the grain granary through the ventilation ground cage, enabling the cold air to pass through the whole grain bulk and then go out through the electric windows, and closing each electric valve, each electric window and each centrifugal fan after the grain temperature is reduced to a safe grain storage temperature range;
b. in spring of the next year, all doors and windows and the electric valves are closed to enable the granary to be in a closed state, and the granary is insulated;
c. in summer of the next year, when the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the surface layer of the grain pile is 2 ℃ higher than the average value of the temperatures measured by all grain pile temperature sensors on the bottom layer of the grain pile, and the external temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, the circulation fan is started, the electric valve and the electric window are closed, the circulation fan pumps up cold air at the bottom of the grains, the air at the upper part is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain pile to form internal circulation, so that the grain temperature in the whole grain bin is balanced, and when the temperature gradient of the grain pile is less than 1 ℃/m, the circulation fan is closed; when the temperature value measured by the temperature and humidity sensor in the granary is larger than the low-temperature grain storage safety value, the air conditioner is started, the circulating fan is started at the same time, the circulating fan pumps air at the bottom of grains, the pressure intensity of the upper part in the granary is higher than that of the bottom, cold air is automatically pressed down to penetrate through the grain bulk to form internal circulation, and the air conditioner and the circulating fan are closed after the temperature in the granary is within the low-temperature grain storage safety range;
d. turning over the grain surface and opening the door and window at the same time in the next autumn and in sunny days at 17-21 days.
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Address after: No. 28 Yingbin Avenue, High tech Zone, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, 448124 Patentee after: HUBEI YEWEI (GROUP) INTELLIGENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Country or region after: China Patentee after: Yewei Equipment Manufacturing Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 28 Yingbin Avenue, High tech Zone, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, 448124 Patentee before: HUBEI YEWEI (GROUP) INTELLIGENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Country or region before: China Patentee before: HUBEI YE WEI GRAIN AND OIL MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. |