CN113303107B - Circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in granary and control method - Google Patents
Circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in granary and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113303107B CN113303107B CN202110563256.3A CN202110563256A CN113303107B CN 113303107 B CN113303107 B CN 113303107B CN 202110563256 A CN202110563256 A CN 202110563256A CN 113303107 B CN113303107 B CN 113303107B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
Abstract
The invention discloses a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a granary and a control method, wherein the ventilation system comprises: a plurality of groups of ventilation ground grooves which are paved at the bottom of the granary at intervals; wherein each set of the ventilation slots comprises: a plurality of ventilation ground grooves and air gathering pipes; the plurality of ventilation ground grooves are uniformly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the granary; the air collecting pipe is communicated with the plurality of ventilation geosynclines simultaneously; the air outlet ends of the shunting ventilation pipes are simultaneously communicated with the two adjacent air collecting pipes; the air outlets of the first fans are communicated with the air inlet end of the shunting ventilation pipe; the second fans are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air collecting pipes and are arranged above the grain surface in the granary; the vertical ventilation pipes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second fans; and one end of the vertical ventilation pipe is communicated with the air inlet of the second fan, and the other end of the vertical ventilation pipe is communicated with the air collecting pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ventilation in a grain storage system, and particularly relates to a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a grain bin and a control method.
Background
Improving grain yield and reducing grain loss in various circulation links are also important. How to reduce the grain loss in the grain storage stage and ensure the grain quality is the important factor in the grain storage work. The ventilation is reasonably utilized, the temperature of the grains in the granary is reduced, and the occurrence of heat, mildew, insect pests and the like of the grain pile can be effectively reduced by maintaining the temperature at a lower state. Generally, low-temperature air in a natural environment is utilized to cool grains in the whole granary in autumn and winter, the temperature of the top of a grain layer is raised firstly in summer and then gradually spreads downwards, but the granary at the bottom of the granary is always in a low-temperature state, and the low temperature at the bottom of the granary can be conveyed to a high-temperature area in the granary by adopting an internal circulation system, so that the temperature of the grains in the whole granary can be controlled within a safety range, and local overheating is avoided. The adoption of the inner circulation cooling has low cost and is beneficial to keeping the moisture of the grains. Particularly in northeast China, the internal circulation system is scientifically and reasonably utilized to maintain the average temperature of grains at a low temperature (the average grain temperature per year is lower than 15 ℃) or a quasi-low temperature (the average grain temperature per year is lower than 20 ℃) without using refrigeration equipment such as a grain cooler, a grain bin air conditioner and the like, so that the safety of the grains is guaranteed to be over summer.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a granary, which can realize continuous and smooth cooling of the granary and reduce the possibility of water loss of grains.
The invention also aims to provide a control method of the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary, which can maintain the temperature of the granary within a reasonable range by utilizing the cold energy in the granary according to the grain temperature condition in the granary and prevent a high-temperature area from occurring.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a granary comprises:
a plurality of groups of ventilation ground grooves which are paved at the bottom of the granary at intervals;
wherein each set of the ventilation slots comprises: a plurality of ventilation ground grooves and air gathering pipes;
the plurality of ventilation grooves are uniformly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the granary; the air collecting pipe is communicated with the plurality of ventilation grooves simultaneously;
the air outlet ends of the shunting ventilation pipes are simultaneously communicated with the two adjacent air collecting pipes;
the air outlets of the first fans are communicated with the air inlet end of the shunting ventilation pipe;
the second fans are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air collecting pipes and are arranged above the grain surface in the granary;
the vertical ventilation pipes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second fans; one end of the vertical ventilation pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the second fan, and the other end of the vertical ventilation pipe is communicated with the air collecting pipe.
Preferably, the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary is characterized by further comprising:
the first electric valves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first fans, and the first electric valves are arranged at air inlets of the first fans;
the second electric valves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second fans, and the second electric valves are arranged between the second fans and the vertical ventilating pipes;
an electric cabinet electrically coupled to the first electric valve, the second electric valve, the first fan, and the second fan, respectively.
Preferably, the first fan is an axial flow fan, and the second fan is a centrifugal fan.
Preferably, the vertical ventilation pipe is arranged on the north side in the granary.
A control method of a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a granary is used, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring grain temperature data in a granary through a temperature measuring cable;
secondly, calculating the residual cold quantity of each grain area at the top layer of the granary according to the grain temperature data;
Qijh＝mijh·c·(Ttop-Tijh)；
in the formula, the lower corner mark ijh represents a temperature measuring point with coordinates (i, j, h) at the top of the granary, and QijhIs the residual cold quantity m of the grain region corresponding to the temperature measurement point with coordinates (i, j, h)ijhGrain mass, T, of the grain region corresponding to the temperature measurement point with coordinates (i, j, h)topFor presetting a safety temperature, TijhThe real-time grain temperature is measured by a temperature measuring point with coordinates (i, j, h);
step three, counting the number of the QijhThe number s of grain regions smaller than sigma;
when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
When the granary is cooled, the second fan is started to perform inner circulation cooling on the granary;
when in use
When the granary is in operation, the second fan is turned off, and the circulation in the granary is stopped;
wherein, σ is critical value, and the range of σ is 5 × 104～5×105(ii) a m x n is the total number of the temperature measuring points at the top layer of the granary; omega1，ω2Are respectively critical values, omega1Has a value range of 30 to 50, omega2The value range of (A) is 3-5.
Preferably, the control method of the circulating-current temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary further comprises the following steps:
calculating the remaining use days of the cold quantity in the current granary:
in the formula etaaIs the percentage of the cold quantity remained in the current granary,
the average value of the percentage reduction of the cold quantity in the t daily granary before the current day; wherein:
in the formula, TtopFor presetting a safety temperature, T1Is the average grain temperature value of the temperature measuring plane at the bottom layer of the granary cave-1Shows that the grain temperature is T1Specific heat of hour, T of grain0Is the initial grain temperature average value of the grain temperature plane of the bottom layer of the grain layer, caveShows that the grain temperature is T0Specific heat of grains;
wherein when t isa＜teAnd taWhen the temperature is less than or equal to epsilon, a cold source supplement early warning is sent out;
wherein ε is critical value of the number of remaining days, teThe number of days from the end of summer.
Preferably, the control method of the circulating-current temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary further comprises the following steps:
calculating residual cold quantity Q of middle layer of grain layermid(ii) a When Q ismidWhen the delta is less than the threshold value, a cold source supplement early warning is sent out;
wherein delta is the critical value of cold quantity,
when the number h of the horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granary is odd, QmidIs a first
The residual cold quantity of the grain layer corresponding to each horizontal temperature measuring plane;
when the number h of horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granary is even, Q ismidIs a first
A horizontal temperature measuring plane and
average value of residual cold of grain layer corresponding to each horizontal temperature measuring plane;
wherein, the calculation formula of the residual cold of the grain layer corresponding to a certain horizontal temperature measurement plane is as follows:
Qk＝mk·cave-k·(Ttop-Tk)；
in the formula, QkIs the residual cold quantity m of the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring planekGrain quality of grain layer corresponding to kth horizontal temperature measurement plane, cave-kIs the average specific heat, T, of the grains in the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring planetopFor presetting a safety temperature, TkIs the grain temperature mean value of the kth horizontal temperature measurement plane.
Preferably, the average specific heat of the grains in the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measurement plane is as follows:
cave-k＝c0+aTk+bTk 2
in the formula, c0Is a constant, a and b are coefficients of a primary term and a secondary term, respectively.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary provided by the invention can realize continuous and smooth cooling of the granary and reduce the possibility of water loss of grains.
The control method of the circulation temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary provided by the invention can maintain the temperature of the granary within a reasonable range by utilizing the cold energy in the granary according to the grain temperature condition in the granary, and prevent a high-temperature area from occurring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structural schematic diagram of the circulating-current temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the first fan on the outside shadow side of the granary.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a remote data processing device.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic elevation view of the temperature cable arrangement within the grain bin.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the temperature cable arrangement within the grain bin.
Fig. 8 is a schematic left side view of the temperature cable arrangement within the grain bin.
FIG. 9 is a spatial diagram of the distribution of the temperature measuring cable according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of the annual temperature change of the inner circulation bin and the reference bin of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a comparison of the annual temperature standard deviation of the inner annular flow chamber and the reference chamber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
The invention provides a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a granary, which mainly comprises: the device comprises a plurality of groups of ventilation ground grooves, a plurality of air gathering pipes, a plurality of shunting ventilation pipes, a plurality of first fans, a plurality of second fans, a plurality of vertical ventilation pipes, a plurality of first electric valves and a plurality of second electric valves.
As shown in fig. 1-5, in the present embodiment, multiple sets of ventilation grooves 4 are laid at intervals on the bottom of the granary 1 along the width direction of the granary; wherein, every group's ventilation geosyncline includes: three ventilation grooves 4 and a wind gathering pipe 5; the three ventilation ground grooves 4 in each group are uniformly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the granary 1; the air collecting pipe 5 is vertical to the ventilation grooves 4, and the air collecting pipe 5 is simultaneously communicated with the ventilation grooves 4. The air outlet end of the shunting ventilation pipe 7 is simultaneously communicated with the two adjacent air collecting pipes 5; a plurality of first fans 9 are arranged outside the granary 1, the air outlets of the first fans 9 are communicated with the air inlet ends of the shunting ventilation pipes 7, namely, the shunting ventilation pipes 7 divide the air volume (cold air) sent by the first fans 9 into two parts and send the two parts (six) into the two groups of ventilation ground slots 4 through the two air collecting pipes 5.
The first fan 9 is a built-in axial flow fan and is fixed on the outer side of a wall body of the negative surface of the granary 1, the lower end of the first fan is connected with a fan fixing support 10, a first electric valve 11 is installed on the outer side in a ventilation mode, and the first electric valve 11 is opened or closed through an electric actuator according to command signals. The first fan 9 is a built-in axial flow fan and is fixed on the outer side of the north wall of the barn, and compared with the traditional centrifugal fan for ventilation and cooling of the granary, the first fan has the advantages of low wind pressure, low power consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection.
The plurality of second fans 3 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air converging pipes 5, and the second fans 3 are arranged above the grain surface in the granary. In this embodiment, the second fan 3 is disposed above the grain surface, and the height from the grain surface is about 1 m. The second fan 3 is connected with the vertical ventilating pipe 8 through the second electric valve 2, and the second electric valve 2 adopts an electric butterfly valve. Wherein, vertical ventilation pipe 8 sets up in the inside north side of granary 1, sets up the asbestos heat preservation in vertical ventilation pipe 8 outside simultaneously to prevent to receive external environment temperature influence and make the interior circulating gas temperature of granary rise.
Wherein, the second fan 3 adopts a small centrifugal fan with low power model; the internal circulation ventilation is realized in a mode of combining a plurality of small centrifugal fans. The small centrifugal fan has low air supply speed, can reduce the possibility of grain moisture loss caused by ventilation, and is beneficial to keeping the moisture of the grain; meanwhile, a plurality of small centrifugal fans are combined to ventilate, so that the uniformity of cooling is facilitated, and ventilation dead angles in the granary are avoided.
The electric cabinet 6 is respectively electrically connected with the first electric valve 11, the second electric valve 2, the first fan 9 and the second fan 3. Wherein, electric cabinet 6 includes: the system comprises an embedded control host, a wireless data transmission module, a motor controller module, an air switch and a color touch display screen; and the control of the internal circulation system and the granary ventilation system is realized by inputting set parameters through the color touch display screen.
As shown in fig. 6-9, a plurality of temperature measuring cables 15 are arranged in the granary 1, the temperature measuring cables 15 are arranged in the granary 1 along the vertical direction, and a plurality of temperature measuring points 14 are arranged on each temperature measuring cable 15 at equal intervals. Temperature measuring points 14 on a plurality of temperature measuring cables 15 positioned on the same horizontal plane form a horizontal temperature measuring plane; each horizontal temperature measuring plane corresponds to one grain layer.
In this embodiment, each temperature measuring cable 15 is spaced about 5m apart, the distance between the temperature measuring cable and the wall surfaces on both sides is about 0.5m, and the uppermost temperature measuring point 14 is buried under the grain surface and is about 0.3m away from the grain surface. The temperature measuring cable accurately measures the grain temperature at the temperature measuring point and sends the temperature information to the remote control center through the wireless data transmission module 12 in the electric cabinet 6, a processor 13 of the remote control center generates a grain condition cloud picture, the processor 13 analyzes the grain storage state according to the grain condition cloud picture, the residual cold quantity in the bin is calculated, the internal circulation system is controlled to operate, and early warning is provided for emergency situations such as heating of the grain or insufficient residual cold quantity in the bin.
The invention also provides a control method of the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary, which mainly comprises the following steps:
and (4) in sunny weather in winter, performing low-temperature ventilation on the granary in which the grain storage is finished through the first fan 9, and finishing the low-temperature ventilation after the temperature of the whole granary is uniform. Wherein, low wind speed ventilation is adopted during low temperature ventilation, the ventilation time is properly prolonged, and the cooling of the grains is ensured, not only the air temperature in the granary is reduced. And after the cooling and ventilation operation is finished, closing an electric valve for sealing the built-in axial flow fan and sealing the door and the window.
And starting the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary in the beginning of the sixth month (beginning in summer). Wherein, the process of the internal circulation ventilation is as follows:
firstly, acquiring grain temperature data of 1 in the granary through a temperature measuring cable 15.
And secondly, the grain temperature data is transmitted to the remote control center wireless data transmission module 12 by the wireless transmission module in the electric cabinet 6 and then uploaded to the processor 13.
And thirdly, the remote control center processor 13 preprocesses the grain temperature data.
Wherein, the grain temperature data preprocessing process comprises the following steps: and removing obvious error data, replacing the obvious error data by the average value of the normal temperature measurement point data of the same temperature measurement plane, and completing the boundary value of each temperature measurement plane. The direct measurement value of the grain temperature in the granary is a temperature measurement point of the sensor, the boundary of the granary has no temperature measurement value, and if the grain temperature condition of the whole granary is analyzed, the boundary value needs to be supplemented.
As shown in fig. 9, the granary can establish a coordinate system, and a three-dimensional matrix of temperature measuring points is established by taking the bottom angle of one side of the granary as an origin. Wherein, there are m, n, h number of temperature measurement points respectively along matrix X, Y, Z direction, and each temperature measurement point coordinate (x, y, z) value in the storehouse is (i, j, k), and the value range: m is more than 0 and less than or equal to i, n is more than 0 and less than or equal to j, and h is more than 0 and less than or equal to k (i, j, k are integers). The section where the temperature measuring point in the granary is located can be divided into three types, namely a section parallel to XOY and set as a PXOY plane; a cross section parallel to XOZ, which is set as PXOZ plane; the cross section parallel to YOZ is set as a PYOZ plane. The temperature of the measuring point in the granary is set to be T (i, j, k). The granary plane pxoy (k) has four boundary points to be supplemented, which are T (0,0, k), T (0, b +1, k), T (a +1,0, k), T (a +1, b +1, k). The calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
correspondingly, the grain in the granary can be divided into h layers in the vertical direction, each layer (each horizontal temperature measuring plane) is provided with m multiplied by n detection points, and the temperature of the temperature measuring point in the grain pile is represented as TijkWherein i is 1-m, j is 1-n, and k is 1-h. The average grain temperature value of the k-th layer grain temperature plane is TkThe calculation formula is as follows:
fourthly, controlling the second fan to be turned on or off according to the grain temperature of the top layer
(1) The processor 13 establishes a model according to the processed grain temperature data, and calculates the residual cold quantity of each grain region on the top layer (the uppermost grain layer) of the granary; wherein each temperature measuring point corresponds to a grain region;
Qijh＝mijh*c*(Ttop-Tijh)；
in the formula, the lower corner mark ijh represents a temperature measuring point with coordinates (i, j, h) at the top of the granary, and QijhIs the residual cold quantity m of the grain region corresponding to the temperature measurement point with coordinates (i, j, h)ijhGrain mass, T, of the grain region corresponding to the temperature measurement point with coordinates (i, j, h)topSetting a safety temperature in a range of 24-26 ℃ and TijhThe real-time grain temperature is measured by a temperature measuring point with coordinates (i, j, h). Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
mtotalrepresenting the total mass of the grain in the grain bin.
(2) Statistics satisfy QijhThe number s of grain regions smaller than sigma;
when in use
When the granary is cooled, the second fan 3 is started to perform inner circulation cooling on the granary;
when in use
When the current is over, the second fan 3 is closed, and the circulation in the granary is stopped;
wherein σ is critical value, and σ has value range of 5 × 104～5×105(ii) a m x n is the total number of the temperature measuring points at the top layer of the granary; omega1，ω2Are respectively critical values, omega1The value range of (a) is 30-50, omega2The value range of (A) is 3-5.
Fifthly, calculating the remaining use days of the cold quantity in the current granary according to the remaining cold quantity at the bottom layer of the granary:
(1) calculating the residual percentage eta of cold quantity at the bottom layer of the granarya：
In the formula, TtopFor presetting a safety temperature, T1The grain temperature mean value of a temperature measuring plane at the bottom layer of the granary; c. Cave-1Shows that the grain temperature is T1Specific heat of hour, T of grain0The average value of the initial grain temperature (grain temperature at the end of low-temperature ventilation) of the grain temperature plane of the bottom layer of the grain layer, caveShows that the grain temperature is T0Specific heat of grain.
T1Value according to formula
And (6) obtaining.
Specific heat of grain at different temperatures by formula C ═ C0+AT+BT2And (3) calculating: in the formula, c0Constant A, B are coefficients of the first and second order terms, respectively, and T is temperature. I.e. cave-1And caveCan be represented by the formula C ═ C0+AT+BT2And (6) obtaining.
Wherein, C0A, B can take values according to the type of grain, taking wheat as an example: the temperature is 0-70 ℃, the water content is 14.6 percent (wet basis), C0＝1.596，A＝0.008，B＝0.0004。
(2) Calculating the remaining use days t of cold quantity in the granarya：
In the formula etaaIs the percentage of the residual cold quantity at the bottom layer of the current granary,
the average value of the percentage reduction of the cold quantity in the t daily granary before the current day;
wherein, when t isa＜tendAnd taWhen the temperature is less than or equal to epsilon, a cold source supplement early warning is sent, and cold source supplement is needed at the moment; in the formulaEpsilon is a critical value of the number of remaining days, and the value range of epsilon is 15-30; t is tendThe number of days from the end of summer. Wherein the summer end date is set to 9 months and 30 days.
Sixthly, calculating residual cold quantity Q of middle layer of grain layermid(ii) a When Q ismidWhen the delta is less than the preset value, a cold source supplement early warning is sent out; wherein, δ is a cold threshold value, and the value range of δ is as follows: 5X 104～5×105。
When the number of the horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granary is odd (namely h is odd), QmidIs a first
The residual cold quantity of the grain layer corresponding to each horizontal temperature measuring plane;
when the number of the horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granary is even (namely h is even), Q is equal to the number of the horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granarymidIs a first
A horizontal temperature measuring plane and
average value of residual cold of grain layer corresponding to each horizontal temperature measuring plane. Wherein, the calculation formula of the residual cold of the grain layer corresponding to a certain horizontal temperature measurement plane is as follows:
Qk＝mk·cae-k·(Ttop-Tk)；
in the formula, QkThe residual cold quantity of the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring plane is measured; m is a unit ofkGrain quality of grain layer corresponding to kth horizontal temperature measurement plane, cave-kIs the average specific heat, T, of the grains in the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring planetopFor presetting a safety temperature, TkIs the grain temperature mean value of the kth horizontal temperature measurement plane. The average specific heat of the grains in the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring plane is as follows:
Cave-k＝C0+ATk+BTk 2；
in the formula, c0Is a constant, a, b are coefficients of a primary term and a secondary term, respectively, TkIs the grain temperature mean value of the kth horizontal temperature measurement plane.
Example 1
Taking a granary in a certain granary in the Changchun region of Jilin as an example, the length of a granary is 42 meters, the width of the granary is 24 meters, and the capacity is 4600 t. The mechanical ventilation system adopts one machine three-way groove type ventilation (the arrangement mode is shown in figure 1), the roof is a broken line type roof truss, and the air path ratio is 1.37: 1. the grain of the technical application barn is corn produced in 2018, the barn is finished in 2019, the barn is loaded in 1 month and 4 days, the quality is 4235t, the grade is two, the moisture is 14.0%, the impurities are 0.5%, the fatty acid value is 32.4mgKOH/100g, and the air tightness index meets the relevant regulations.
A PVC pipeline is close to a gable wall and perpendicular to a main air duct, three circulating pipes are arranged, four circulating pipes are arranged, the PVC pipeline is wrapped by heat-preservation heat-insulation cotton, 4 centrifugal fans of 0.75kW are respectively fixed on a fan frame near the grain surface of each pipeline, the pipeline is connected with the fans through hoses, and a temperature control box, an electric meter, a time accumulator and the like are arranged.
After the high and large horizontal warehouse is loaded into the warehouse, the grain surface is leveled, the temperature detection cable is laid, and the sanitation in the warehouse is cleaned. Cooling and ventilating the barn by using a built-in axial flow fan, accumulating and ventilating for 82 hours, reducing the average grain temperature in the barn to-12.5 ℃, storing a cold source for grain piles, and sealing doors and windows by using polystyrene boards after the cooling and ventilating are finished.
The method provided by the invention controls the opening or closing of the inner circulation fan, and sets related early warning. And obtaining a grain surface temperature cloud picture according to the grain temperature data for real-time observation. And when the time reaches the end of 9 months, finishing the operation of inner circulation temperature equalization ventilation.
As shown in fig. 10, the grain bin No. 35 is a grain bin which is ventilated by internal circulation by the method provided by the invention, and the grain bin No. 39 is a control bin. Since 5 months in 2020, the temperatures of No. 35 and No. 39 granaries rise along with the rise of the external environment temperature. After 6 months, because the No. 35 storehouse adopts the equal temperature ventilation of inner loop flow, the grain temperature of the upper layer of the granary is obviously lower than that of the No. 39 storehouse, and simultaneously, the grain temperature of the bottom layer of the No. 35 storehouse of the bottom layer is higher than that of the No. 39 storehouse.
As shown in fig. 11, the graph is a graph of standard deviation of grain temperature of the upper layer and the bottom layer of the No. 35 granary, which changes along with time, the standard deviation of the grain temperature of the upper layer of the No. 39 granary is obviously lower than that of the No. 39 granary from 5 months to 2020, and the graph shows that after the No. 35 granary is opened at the internal circulation temperature equalization, the grain temperature change is smaller than that of the No. 39 granary which does not adopt the circulation temperature equalization. The results show that the small and medium-sized centrifugal fan of the No. 35 cabin internal circulation air-ventilation system effectively conveys low-temperature air at the lower layer to the upper layer of the granary and maintains the temperature in the granary below 25 ℃.
By adopting the intra-cabin circulation temperature-equalizing ventilation method provided by the invention, the storage cold source in winter is utilized to carry out circulation ventilation in the whole cabin, the temperature of the cabin can be controlled, the temperature of the grain in the whole cabin can be controlled to be stored at a lower temperature, the average grain temperature in the whole cabin is lower than 15 ℃ all the year round, the surface grain temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the occurrence of pests is effectively avoided, no chemical agent is needed, the harm to the human body is reduced, the frequency of loading the grain into the cabin by a custodian is also reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, and the low-temperature green grain storage is really realized.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A control method of a circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in a granary is characterized in that the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary comprises the following steps:
a plurality of groups of ventilation ground grooves which are paved at the bottom of the granary at intervals;
wherein each set of the ventilation slots comprises: a plurality of ventilation ground grooves and air collecting pipes;
the plurality of ventilation grooves are uniformly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the granary; the air collecting pipe is communicated with the plurality of ventilation grooves simultaneously;
the air outlet ends of the shunting ventilation pipes are simultaneously communicated with the two adjacent air collecting pipes;
the air outlets of the first fans are communicated with the air inlet end of the shunting ventilation pipe;
the second fans are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air collecting pipes and are arranged above the grain surface in the granary;
the vertical ventilation pipes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second fans; one end of the vertical ventilation pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the second fan, and the other end of the vertical ventilation pipe is communicated with the air collecting pipe;
the control method comprises the following steps:
acquiring grain temperature data in a granary through a temperature measuring cable;
step two, calculating the residual cold quantity of each grain area at the top layer of the granary according to the grain temperature data;
Qijh＝mijh·c·(Ttop-Tijh)；
in the formula, the lower corner mark ijh represents the temperature measurement point with coordinates (i, j, h) at the top of the granary, QijhIs the residual cold quantity m of the grain region corresponding to the temperature measurement point with the coordinate of (i, j, h)ijhGrain mass, T, of the grain region corresponding to the temperature measurement point with coordinates (i, j, h)topFor presetting a safety temperature, TijhThe real-time grain temperature is measured by a temperature measuring point with coordinates (i, j, h);
step three, counting the number of the QijhThe number s of grain regions smaller than sigma;
when in use
When the granary is cooled, the second fan is started to perform inner circulation cooling on the granary;
when in use
When the second fan is turned off, the circulation flow in the granary is stopped;
wherein, σ is critical value, and the range of σ is 5 × 104～5×105(ii) a m x n is the total number of the temperature measuring points at the top layer of the granary; omega1，ω2Are respectively critical values, omega1The value range of (a) is 30-50, omega2The value range of (a) is 3-5.
2. The method for controlling the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation system further comprises:
the first electric valves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first fans, and the first electric valves are arranged at air inlets of the first fans;
the second electric valves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second fans, and the second electric valves are arranged between the second fans and the vertical ventilating pipes;
an electric cabinet electrically coupled to the first electric valve, the second electric valve, the first fan, and the second fan, respectively.
3. The control method of the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary according to claim 2, wherein the first fan is an axial flow fan, and the second fan is a centrifugal fan.
4. The control method of the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary according to claim 3, wherein the vertical ventilation pipe is arranged on the negative surface side of the granary.
5. The method for controlling the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary according to claim 4, further comprising:
calculating the remaining use days of the cold quantity in the current granary:
in the formula etaaIs the percentage of the cold quantity remained in the current granary,
the average value of the percentage reduction of the cold quantity in the t daily granary before the current day; wherein:
in the formula, TtopFor presetting a safety temperature, T1Is the average grain temperature value of the temperature measuring plane at the bottom layer of the granary cave-1Shows that the grain temperature is T1Specific heat of hour, T of grain0Is the initial grain temperature average value of the grain temperature plane of the bottom layer of the grain layer, caveShows that the grain temperature is T0Specific heat of grains;
wherein, when t isa＜teAnd taWhen the temperature is less than or equal to epsilon, a cold source supplement early warning is sent out;
wherein ε is critical value of the number of remaining days, teThe number of days from the end of summer.
6. The method for controlling the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary according to claim 5, further comprising:
calculating residual cold quantity Q of middle layer of grain layermid(ii) a When Q ismidWhen the delta is less than the threshold value, a cold source supplement early warning is sent out;
wherein delta is the critical value of cold quantity,
when the number h of the horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granary is odd, Q ismidIs as follows
The residual cold quantity of the grain layer corresponding to each horizontal temperature measuring plane;
when the number h of the horizontal temperature measuring planes from the bottom layer to the top layer of the granary is even, QmidIs as follows
A horizontal temperature measuring plane and
average value of residual cold of grain layer corresponding to each horizontal temperature measuring plane;
wherein, the calculation formula of the residual cold of the grain layer corresponding to a certain horizontal temperature measurement plane is as follows:
Qk＝mk·cave-k·(Ttop-Tk)；
in the formula, QkIs the residual cold quantity m of the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring planekGrain quality of grain layer corresponding to kth horizontal temperature measurement plane, cave-kIs the average specific heat, T, of the grains in the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measuring planetopFor presetting a safety temperature, TkIs the grain temperature mean value of the kth horizontal temperature measurement plane.
7. The control method of the circulating temperature-equalizing ventilation system in the granary according to claim 6, wherein the average specific heat of the grains in the grain layer corresponding to the kth horizontal temperature measurement plane is as follows:
cave-k＝c0+aTk+bTk 2
in the formula, c0Is a constant, a and b are coefficients of a primary term and a secondary term, respectively.
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