CN107245032B - 一种从Bt发酵液中分离纯化琥珀酸的方法 - Google Patents
一种从Bt发酵液中分离纯化琥珀酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本专利公开了一种从Bt发酵液中分离纯化琥珀酸的方法。该方法包括八个步骤:(1)加入Al2O3絮凝法去除沉淀杂质;(2)加入乙醇去除沉淀杂质;(3)加入石油醚萃取除去上清杂质;(4)使用大孔树脂柱吸附粗制,解吸附;(5)无水乙醇萃取,加水浓缩去乙醇,冷冻干燥;(6)乙醚萃取,加水浓缩去乙醚,冷冻干燥;(7)使用使用Agilent Zorbax SB‑C18(9.4×250mm×5μm)色谱柱;(8)使用Agela Venusil ASB‑C18(4.6×150mm×5μm)色谱柱。两次高效液相半制备,获得较高纯度琥珀酸,纯度在95%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学、有机化学、生物化学领域。具体涉及的是从Bt发酵液中分离纯化琥珀酸的方法。
背景技术
琥珀酸,琥珀酸学名为丁二酸。分子量为118.09,无色结晶体,味酸,可燃。有二种晶形,相对密度1.572(25/4℃)。溶解特性:1g溶于13ml冷水、1ml沸水、18.5ml乙醇、6.3ml甲醇、36ml丙酮、20ml甘油和11ml乙醚,几乎不溶于苯、二硫化碳、四氯化碳和石油醚。分子结构如下所示:
苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)发酵液的上清对草生欧文氏杆菌有明显的抑菌作用,经过分离纯化、核磁和质谱分析确定该抑菌物质为琥珀酸。发酵液的上清对草生欧文氏杆菌抑菌特性表明,与某些Bt菌株发酵所生物合成的Zwittermicin A(简写ZwA)特性相似。
苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)晶体蛋白对害虫具有毒杀性、同时对人类健康不构成危害,这一点已经被世界认可。一方面,Bt菌剂在外源上防治虫害;另一方面,该杀虫蛋白基因已经被广泛地用于转基因植物,从内源上控制虫害。无论哪种形式,由于害虫不断地进化,导致某些害虫对某特定基因型的杀虫蛋白逐渐表现出抗性,杀虫效果逐渐失去意义。解决该问题最好的方法是找到某种物质,提高杀虫蛋白的毒力活性。Bt中的Zwittermicin A(简写ZwA)拥有这个特性。张小朋等(2006)以相同的草生欧文氏杆菌为指示菌,利用来自于蜡状芽胞杆菌(B.cereus Bc)编号UW85的菌株发酵,获得了ZwA,并建立了对ZwA的检测方法和标准曲线。在其随后的研究中发现,ZwA协同晶体蛋白提高了对棉铃虫害虫和甜菜夜蛾害虫的药效。
参考文献:张小朋.2006.对甜菜夜蛾高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌Dl-23菌株的选育及其发酵优化[D].武汉:华中农业大学博士学位毕业论文.
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种从Bt发酵液中分离纯化琥珀酸的方法。
为了实现上述的目的,本发明的发明人进行了辛勤的研究,将琥珀酸从Bt发酵液中分离纯化出来,整套方法由八个串联步骤组成。这八个步骤有先后次序,且缺一不可。包括(1)Al2O3去絮凝沉淀物;(2)无水乙醇去醇不溶性沉淀物;(3)石油醚去除醚溶性上清物;(4)非极性大孔树脂对琥珀酸吸附;(5)无水乙醇萃取,加水浓缩去乙醇,冷冻干燥;(6)乙醚萃取,加水浓缩去乙醚,冷冻干燥;(7)使用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(9.4×250mm×5μm)高效液相色谱柱半制备;(8)使用Agela Venusil ASB-C18(4.6×150mm×5μm)高效液相色谱柱半制备,琥珀酸纯度在95%以上。
具体步骤为:
(一)去除苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt发酵液中的杂质
(1)去除絮凝沉淀物;取10L初始发酵液,按照1%的浓度加入Al2O3,充分搅拌后置于4℃冰箱静止12小时,取出后8000r/min离心10min,收集上清。用1mol/L的HCl调至pH4.0,50℃真空浓缩,真空度-0.095至-0.088Mpa范围,浓缩至200mL备用;
(2)去除醇不溶性沉淀物;取步骤(1)所制得的备用液体200ml,加入200mL无水乙醇,静置1小时后再次离心,8000r/min离心10min,取上清备用;
(3)去除醚溶性上清物;取步骤(2)所制得的备用液体,用等体积的石油醚萃取,反复3次,收集下层相,即得抗生素粗提液,保存于4℃冰箱备用;
(二)样品的粗制
(4)取非极性大孔树脂,按树脂重量与步骤(3)所制得的备用粗提液体积1:2的比例混合上样,湿法装柱,装入量的高度40cm,室温静态吸附2-3小时,先用去离子水洗脱4-6BV,1BV为1倍柱体积,洗脱液为未吸附相,洗脱流速约0.5mL/min,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩后用去离子水定容至原体积;
(三)样品的精制
(5)取步骤(4)所制得的液体200ml,使用冷冻干燥机,将样品冻干,加入400ml无水乙醇萃取,取上清液使用0.45μm有机系滤膜过滤后,加水并减压蒸馏除去乙醇,体积浓缩至50ml,再次使用冻干机冻干样品;
(6)使用步骤(5)同样的方法,加入乙醚萃取,上清液过滤后减压蒸馏,并加水除去乙醚,得到精制品;
(四)高效液相半制备琥珀酸
(7)第一次半制备;取步骤(6)所制得的液体,使用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(9.4×250mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇、超纯水,柱温35℃,紫外波长为210nm,流速为2ml/min;洗脱方法为:
0-10min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
10-15min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95梯度变为甲醇:超纯水=80:20;
15-25min:甲醇:超纯水=80:20;
25-30min:甲醇:超纯水=80:20梯度变为甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
30-35min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
多次收集6.5-7.5min组分,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,样品冷藏备用;
(8)第二次半制备;取步骤(7)所制得的备用液体,使用Agela Venusil ASB-C18(4.6×150mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇、超纯水,柱温35℃,紫外波长为210nm,流速为1ml/min,洗脱方法为:
0-10min:甲醇:超纯水=0.2:99.8;
多次收集4-5min时间段组分,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,即得到了高纯度琥珀酸;
依据上述方法,能够将琥珀酸从Bt发酵液中分离纯化出来,且纯度高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的样品质谱图。
图2为本发明的红外图谱。
图3为本发明的核磁共振碳谱。
图4为本发明的核磁共振氢谱。
具体实施方式
实施例:
本发明实施例为首次从芽胞Bt中分离纯化琥珀酸。
所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)大孔树脂柱的制备。
制备方法为湿法装柱。一定量的非极性大孔树脂,分别先后用弱酸及弱碱浸泡、清洗,最后用去离子水反复清洗至中性。树脂经过离心脱水,之后在80℃恒温干燥48小时,取出称重备用。取长60cm、直径5cm的玻璃层析柱备用。
(2)制备发酵液
2.1初始发酵培养基:葡萄糖20.0g;蛋白胨20.0g;CaCl2 0.08g;K2HPO4 1.3g;MgSO4 0.2g;MnSO4 0.08g;pH 7.0-7.2,定容至1L,121℃灭菌30min备用。
2.2扩大生产发酵培养基:牛肉膏5.0g,大豆分离蛋白4.0g;葡萄糖3.0g;氯化钠2.0g;MgSO4·7H2O 0.3g;K2HPO4 0.3g;MnSO4 0.05g;pH7.5,定容至1L,121℃灭菌30min备用。
2.3种子培养基:酵母膏5.0g;蛋白胨10.0g;氯化钠10.0g;pH 7.0-7.2;定容至1L,121℃灭菌30min备用。
2.4苏云金芽胞杆菌:编号Bt菌株。
2.5菌株在种子培养中的扩增:将保存在-20℃冰箱的菌种Bt取出,放到室温复苏,至完全解冻,将其接种到含有种子培养基的斜面上,30℃过夜培养,取出后保存于4℃冰箱备用。
2.6菌株在种子培养中的活化:从保存好的Bt斜面培养基上取0.5㎝×1.0㎝大小的培养物接种于300mL摇瓶内,含有种子培养基100mL,30℃、220r/min摇床培养16-18小时。
2.7初始发酵:将活化好的菌液以2%的接种量接种初始发酵培养基中,培养基不超过容器体积的2/3,30℃摇瓶培养32-36小时,4℃冰箱保存备用。
(3)去除苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt发酵液中的杂质
3.1去除絮凝沉淀物:取10L初始发酵液,按照1%的浓度加入Al2O3,充分搅拌后置于4℃冰箱静止12小时。取出后,8000r/min离心10min、收集上清。用1mol/L的HCl调至pH4.0。50℃真空浓缩,真空度-0.095至-0.088Mpa范围,浓缩至200mL备用。
3.2去除醇不溶性沉淀物:取3.1所制得的备用液体200ml,加入200mL无水乙醇,静置1小时后再次离心,8000r/min离心10min,取上清备用。
3.3去除醚溶性上清物:取3.2所制得的备用液体,用等体积的石油醚萃取,反复3次。收集下层相,即得粗提液,保存于4℃冰箱备用。
(4)样品的粗制
取非极性大孔树脂,按树脂重量与3.3所制得的备用粗提液体积1:2的比例混合上样,湿法装柱,装入量的高度40cm。室温静态吸附2-3小时,先用去离子水洗脱4-6BV。1BV为1倍柱体积。洗脱液为未吸附相,洗脱流速0.5mL/min,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩后用去离子水定容至原体积。
(5)样品的精制
取200ml上述液体,使用冷冻干燥机,将样品冻干,加入400ml无水乙醇萃取,取上清液使用0.45μm有机系滤膜过滤后,加水并减压蒸馏除去乙醇,体积浓缩至50ml。再次使用冻干机冻干样品,使用同样的方法,加入乙醚萃取,上清液过滤后减压蒸馏,并加水除去乙醚,得到精制品。
(6)高效液相半制备琥珀酸
6.1第一次半制备:取步骤(5)所制得的液体,使用Agilent 1260Infinity,Agilent ZorbaxSB-C18(9.4×250mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇、超纯水,柱温35℃,紫外波长210nm,流速2ml/min。洗脱方法为:
0-10min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
10-15min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95梯度变为甲醇:超纯水=80:20;
15-25min:甲醇:超纯水=80:20;
25-30min:甲醇:超纯水=80:20梯度变为甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
30-35min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
多次收集6.5-7.5min组分,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,样品冷藏备用。
6.2第二次半制备:取6.1所制得的备用液体,使用Agilent 1260Infinity,AgelaVenusilASB-C18(4.6×150mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇、超纯水,柱温35℃,紫外波长210nm,流速1ml/min。洗脱方法为:
0-10min:甲醇:超纯水=0.2:99.8;
多次收集4-5min时间段组分,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,即得到了高纯度样品。
质谱、红外线、核磁共振分析如下:
(7)质谱检测
使用Thermo公司的Q-Exactive超高分辨质谱,样品质谱分析,将样品溶于超纯水中,质量体积浓度为万分之一。
使用C18色谱柱,流动相50%水+50%乙腈,进样后得到的谱图数据。质谱为阴离子模式。如图1。从图1可见,该物质的相对分子量为118。
(8)红外检测
使用Nicolet iz10傅里叶变换显微红外成像光谱仪,进行红外分析。方法为压片法,如图2。从图2可见,在吸收频率1470cm-1处和1680-1700cm-1处均有明显峰,该样品具有烷基或烯基或炔基和羧基。
(9)核磁检测
使用Bruker 500M,分别进行氢谱和碳谱分析,溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜。碳谱(图3)和氢谱(图4)。从图3碳谱可见,该物质含有甲基或烯基或炔基和羰基;图4氢谱可见,为-CH2-和-OH。质谱和红外及核磁分析表明,确定样品中C归属为CH2和C=O,存在对称结构,结构式为HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH,该物质为琥珀酸,学名丁二酸。
Claims (1)
1.一种从Bt发酵液中分离纯化琥珀酸的方法,其特征在于整套方法由八个串联步骤组成,这八个步骤有先后次序,且缺一不可;包括(1)Al2O3去絮凝沉淀物;(2)无水乙醇去醇不溶性沉淀物;(3)石油醚去除醚溶性上清物;(4)非极性大孔树脂对琥珀酸吸附;(5)无水乙醇萃取,加水浓缩去乙醇,冷冻干燥;(6)乙醚萃取,加水浓缩去乙醚,冷冻干燥;(7)使用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18型号的9.4×250mm×5μm色谱柱半制备;(8)使用Agela VenusilASB-C18型号的4.6×150mm×5μm色谱柱半制备,琥珀酸纯度在95%以上;
具体步骤为:
(一)去除苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt发酵液中的杂质
(1)去除絮凝沉淀物;取10L初始发酵液,按照1%的浓度加入Al2O3,充分搅拌后置于4℃冰箱静止12小时,取出后8000r/min离心10min,收集上清,用1mol/L的HCl调至pH4.0,50℃真空浓缩,真空度-0.095至-0.088Mpa范围,浓缩至200mL备用;
(2)去除醇不溶性沉淀物;取步骤(1)所制得的备用液体200ml,加入200mL无水乙醇,静置1小时后再次离心,8000r/min离心10min,取上清备用;
(3)去除醚溶性上清物;取步骤(2)所制得的备用液体,用等体积的石油醚萃取,反复3次,收集下层相,即得抗生素粗提液,保存于4℃冰箱备用;
(二)样品的粗制
(4)取非极性大孔树脂,按树脂重量与步骤(3)所制得的备用粗提液体积1:2的比例混合上样,湿法装柱,装入量的高度40cm,室温静态吸附2-3小时,先用去离子水洗脱4-6BV,1BV为1倍柱体积,洗脱液为未吸附相,洗脱流速约0.5mL/min,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩后用去离子水定容至原体积;
(三)样品的精制
(5)取步骤(4)所制得的液体200ml,使用冷冻干燥机,将样品冻干,加入400ml无水乙醇萃取,取上清液使用0.45μm有机系滤膜过滤后,加水并减压蒸馏除去乙醇,体积浓缩至50ml,再次使用冻干机冻干样品;
(6)使用步骤(5)同样的方法,加入乙醚萃取,上清液过滤后减压蒸馏,并加水除去乙醚,得到精制品;
(四)高效液相半制备琥珀酸
(7)第一次半制备;取步骤(6)所制得的液体,使用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18型号的9.4×250mm×5μm色谱柱,流动相为甲醇、超纯水,柱温35℃,紫外波长为210nm,流速为2ml/min;洗脱方法为:
0-10min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
10-15min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95梯度变为甲醇:超纯水=80:20;
15-25min:甲醇:超纯水=80:20;
25-30min:甲醇:超纯水=80:20梯度变为甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
30-35min:甲醇:超纯水=5:95;
多次收集6.5-7.5min组分,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,样品冷藏备用;
(8)第二次半制备;取步骤(7)所制得的备用液体,使用Agela VenusilASB-C18型号的4.6×150mm×5μm色谱柱,流动相为甲醇、超纯水,柱温35℃,紫外波长为210nm,流速为1ml/min,洗脱方法为:
0-10min:甲醇:超纯水=0.2:99.8;
多次收集4-5min时间段组分,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,即得到了高纯度琥珀酸;
依据上述方法,能够将琥珀酸从Bt发酵液中分离纯化出来,且纯度高。
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