CN107241085B - Large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator - Google Patents
Large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107241085B CN107241085B CN201710418993.8A CN201710418993A CN107241085B CN 107241085 B CN107241085 B CN 107241085B CN 201710418993 A CN201710418993 A CN 201710418993A CN 107241085 B CN107241085 B CN 107241085B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator, which comprises: the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit comprises a triode pulse generating circuit which is formed by triodes with avalanche effect and designed in a two-stage serial-parallel cascade connection and is used for generating a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal by being triggered by an input bipolar trigger pulse signal; the front end of the balance pulse generating circuit is electrically connected to the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit and is used for converting the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative polarity pulse signal into a balance pulse signal to generate a large-amplitude nanosecond balance pulse signal. The advantages are that: the design is novel, the circuit structure is simple, the generated nanosecond-level balanced pulse signal has good waveform symmetry, low ringing level, large amplitude and high repetition frequency, and can be applied to a pulse ultra-wideband radar system to ensure a larger detection distance and good detection performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic components in the electronic industry, and particularly relates to a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator.
Background
The ultra-wideband technology adopts nanosecond or picosecond impulse as a carrier to transmit information, has the advantages of high bandwidth, low power consumption, strong multipath fading resistance, good concealment performance and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of radio communication, ultra-wideband radar system detection, positioning, tracking and the like. In order to realize large-distance detection, the transmitted pulse signals are required to have large instantaneous power, namely, the pulse amplitude is required to be large, and meanwhile, in order to meet the ultra-wideband detection requirement, the pulse width is required to be narrow and the repetition frequency is required to be high, so that how to generate the narrow pulse signals with large amplitude and high repetition frequency is a key technology for designing an ultra-wideband radar system.
In the prior art, a pulse signal is generated by adopting a conventional cmos device design, and the pulse signal output method has the following defects: the output pulse amplitude is low, and the repetition frequency of the output pulse signal is not limited by devices, so that the actual detection application requirement of the ultra-wideband radar system is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to break through the performance constraint of the conventional pulse generation signal, the invention provides a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator, which comprises:
the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit comprises a triode pulse generating circuit which is formed by triodes with avalanche effect and designed in a two-stage serial-parallel cascade connection and is used for generating a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal by being triggered by an input bipolar trigger pulse signal;
the front end of the balance pulse generating circuit is electrically connected to the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit and is used for converting the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative polarity pulse signal into a balance pulse signal to generate a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit is used for generating a positive trigger pulse signal;
the front end of the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is electrically connected to the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit and is used for shaping and processing the positive trigger pulse signal to generate the bipolar trigger pulse signal; the rear end of the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is connected with the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit and is used for inputting bipolar trigger pulse signals to the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit.
Preferably, the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit is a square wave pulse signal generator.
Preferably, the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is a transformer coupling circuit, and includes: a first transformer (T1), a first coupling capacitor (C1) and a first resistor (R1);
the same-name end of the primary coil of the first transformer (T1) is connected to the output end of the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit after passing through a first coupling capacitor (C1) and a first resistor (R1) which are connected in series in sequence; the first resistor (R1) and the first coupling capacitor (C1) perform current-limiting differential shaping transformation on the positive-polarity trigger pulse signal generated by the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit to generate a narrow-pulse trigger signal; the first transformer (T1) is used for coupling and converting the narrow pulse trigger signal, and a secondary coil of the first transformer (T1) outputs the bipolar trigger pulse signal; wherein, the homonymous terminal of the secondary coil outputs a positive trigger pulse signal; the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil outputs a negative trigger pulse signal.
Preferably, the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit includes: a first triode (Q1), a second triode (Q2), a third triode (Q3), a fourth triode (Q4), a second coupling capacitor (C2), a third coupling capacitor (C3), a fourth coupling capacitor (C4), a fifth coupling capacitor (C5), a sixth coupling capacitor (C6), a seventh coupling capacitor (C7), a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3), a fourth resistor (R4), a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6), a seventh resistor (R7), an eighth resistor (R8), a ninth resistor (R9), a tenth resistor (R10), an eleventh resistor (R11), and a twelfth resistor (R12);
the base electrode of the first triode (Q1) is connected to the homonymous end of the secondary coil of the first transformer (T1); the emitter of the first resistor is connected to the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil of the first transformer (T1) and is connected to the ground through a fifth resistor (R5); the collector electrode is connected to the emitter electrode of the second triode (Q2) through a fourth resistor (R4) and is connected to the ground through a fifth coupling capacitor (C5);
a second transistor (Q2) having a collector connected to the high voltage supply voltage (HV) and connected to ground through a fourth coupling capacitor (C4); the base of which is connected to the high-voltage supply voltage (HV) via a second resistor (R2) and to ground via a third resistor (R3);
a second coupling capacitor (C2) having a first end connected to the emitter of the first transistor (Q1) and a second end connected to the first end of the sixth resistor (R6); the second end of the sixth resistor (R6) is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor (R7), and the second end of the seventh resistor (R7) is connected to ground; on the line of the sixth resistor (R6) to the seventh resistor (R7), a line is led out to be connected to the first end of the eighth resistor (R8); the second end of the second coupling capacitor (C2) is used as a positive pulse output end of a first-stage cascade circuit of the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit;
a third triode (Q3) with its base connected to the second end of the eighth resistor (R8); the emitter of which is connected to ground; the collector of the capacitor is connected to the emitter of the fourth triode (Q4) through an eleventh resistor (R11) and to the ground through a seventh coupling capacitor (C7);
a fourth transistor (Q4) having a collector connected to the high-voltage supply voltage (HV); the base electrode of the power supply is connected to a high-voltage power supply voltage (HV) through a ninth resistor (R9), and is connected to the ground in parallel through a tenth resistor (R10) and a sixth coupling capacitor (C6);
and the first end of the third coupling capacitor (C3) is connected to the collector electrode of the third triode (Q3) through a twelfth resistor (R12), and the second end of the third coupling capacitor (C3) is used as a nanosecond negative pulse output end of a unipolar pulse signal generating circuit of the large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator.
Preferably, the balance pulse generating circuit includes: a second transformer (T2), a thirteenth resistor (R13) and a fourteenth resistor (R14);
the second transformer (T2) is characterized in that the homonymous end of the primary coil of the second transformer is connected to the nanosecond negative pulse output end of the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator, and the non-homonymous end of the second transformer is connected to the ground; the same-name end of the secondary coil is connected to the first end of the thirteenth resistor (R13), the non-same-name end of the secondary coil is connected to the first end of the fourteenth resistor (R14), and the middle tap of the secondary coil is connected to the ground; the second end of the thirteenth resistor (R13) is used as a negative pulse output end of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator; the second end of the fourteenth resistor (R14) is used as a positive pulse output end of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator.
The large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The pulse signal generating circuit is constructed by taking the triode with the avalanche effect, which is designed by two stages of serial and parallel cascade connection, as a basic unit circuit, compared with the pulse generating circuit formed by the triode with the avalanche effect, the pulse signal generated by the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator has large amplitude, steep pulse front edge and high circuit reliability;
(2) In the balance pulse generating circuit, a broadband transformer design is adopted, a single pulse signal can be converted into balance pulses which are synchronously output, amplitude and phase differences of the output balance pulses are avoided, and trailing and absorption oscillation are effectively restrained through series matching resistors;
(3) The advantages of avalanche characteristics and the like of the triode are comprehensively utilized, and the amplitude, pulse width and repetition frequency of output pulses can be adjusted by adjusting the power supply voltage of a high-voltage power supply, the cascade stage number of the triode and the size of a charge-discharge capacitor, so that pulse signals with different requirements are generated.
The large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator provided by the invention has the advantages of novel design, simple circuit structure, good waveform symmetry, low ringing level, large amplitude, high repetition frequency and small tailing oscillation of the generated nanosecond balanced pulse signal, can be applied to a pulse ultra-wideband radar system, improves the detection quality and ensures a larger detection distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. Implementations not shown or described in the drawings are forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, although examples of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it should be appreciated that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the corresponding values, but may be approximated to the corresponding values within acceptable error margins or design constraints. Directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. mentioned in the embodiments are merely directions referring to the drawings. Therefore, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention adopts the triode cascading circuit with avalanche effect to obtain large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulse signals so as to overcome the defect that the existing pulse generating circuit is complex in structure and cannot simultaneously take voltage amplitude and repetition frequency into consideration.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a high-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator is provided. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator provided in the present embodiment includes:
the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit is used for generating a positive trigger pulse signal;
the front end of the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is electrically connected to the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit and is used for shaping and polarity converting the positive trigger pulse signal to generate a bipolar trigger pulse signal;
a unipolar pulse signal generation circuit: the trigger pulse generating circuit comprises a triode pulse generating circuit consisting of triodes with avalanche effect, which are designed in a two-stage serial and cascade manner, wherein the front end of the triode pulse generating circuit is electrically connected to the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit and is used for generating a large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal under the excitation of the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit;
the front end of the balance pulse generating circuit is electrically connected to the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit and is used for converting the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative polarity pulse signal into a balance pulse signal to generate a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the high-amplitude high-repetition nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator of the embodiment shown in fig. 1. The components of the high-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator according to this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 2.
1. Single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit
In this embodiment, the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit is a pulse signal generator, which generates a positive pulse signal with an amplitude of 5V, a pulse width of 100ns, and a signal repetition frequency of 200 kHz.
The invention is not limited thereto, the amplitude of the trigger pulse signal may be between 5V and 10V, the pulse width may be between 30ns and 500ns, and the signal repetition frequency may be between 10KHz and 500 KHz.
In addition, the present invention may be realized by directly inputting a trigger pulse signal satisfying the above conditions from the outside without including the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit.
2. Bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit
Referring to fig. 2, the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is a transformer coupling circuit, and includes: the first transformer T1, the first coupling capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1;
the same-name end of the primary coil of the first transformer T1 is connected to the output end of the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit after sequentially passing through a first coupling capacitor C1 and a first resistor R1 which are connected in series; the first resistor R1 and the first coupling capacitor C1 perform current-limiting differential shaping transformation on the positive-polarity trigger pulse signal generated by the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit to generate a narrow-pulse trigger signal; the first transformer T1 carries out coupling conversion on the narrow pulse trigger signal, and a secondary coil of the first transformer T1 outputs a bipolar trigger pulse signal; wherein, the homonymous terminal of the secondary coil outputs a positive trigger pulse signal; the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil outputs a negative trigger pulse signal.
In the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit, a positive trigger pulse signal is subjected to current-limiting differential shaping transformation through a first resistor R1 and a first coupling capacitor C1 which are connected in series, then a narrow pulse trigger signal is generated, the narrow pulse trigger signal is coupled and transformed by a first transformer T1, and a bipolar narrow pulse trigger signal is generated at the secondary side of the first transformer T1.
The invention is not limited thereto, and the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit may be directly replaced by an NPN and PNP radio frequency triode switching circuit, and a pair of bipolar trigger pulse signals with fast edges and opposite phases are generated by the switching characteristics of the radio frequency triode and simultaneously provided to the base and emitter of the first triode Q1.
The potential difference of the trigger pulse signals output by the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit can be between 2 and 12V, the pulse width can be between 5 and 500ns, and the pulse repetition frequency can be between 10 and 500 KHz.
In addition, the present invention may be realized by directly inputting a bipolar trigger pulse signal satisfying the above conditions from the outside without including the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit.
3. Unipolar pulse signal generating circuit
Referring to fig. 2, the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit includes: the first triode Q1, the second triode Q2, the third triode Q3, the fourth triode Q4, the second coupling capacitor C2, the third coupling capacitor C3, the fourth coupling capacitor C4, the fifth coupling capacitor C5, the sixth coupling capacitor C6, the seventh coupling capacitor C7, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, the tenth resistor R10, the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12;
the base electrode of the first triode Q1 is connected to the homonymous end of the secondary coil of the first transformer T1; the emitter of the first resistor is connected to the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil of the first transformer T1 and is connected to the ground through a fifth resistor R5; the collector electrode is connected to the emitter electrode of the second triode Q2 through a fourth resistor R4 and is connected to the ground through a fifth coupling capacitor C5;
a second triode Q2 having its collector connected to the high voltage supply voltage HV and connected to ground through a fourth coupling capacitor C4; the base electrode is connected to the high-voltage power supply voltage HV through a second resistor R2 and is connected to the ground through a third resistor R3;
a first end of the second coupling capacitor C2 is connected to the emitter of the first triode Q1, and a second end thereof is connected to the first end of the sixth resistor R6; the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor R7, and the second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the ground; on the lines of the sixth resistor R6 to the seventh resistor R7, a line is led out to be connected to the first end of the eighth resistor R8; the second end of the second coupling capacitor C2 is used as a positive pulse output end of a first stage cascade circuit of the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit;
a base of the third triode Q3 is connected to the second end of the eighth resistor R8; the emitter of which is connected to ground; the collector electrode is connected to the emitter electrode of the fourth triode Q4 through an eleventh resistor R11 and is connected to the ground through a seventh coupling capacitor C7;
a fourth transistor Q4 having its collector connected to the high supply voltage HV; the base electrode of the capacitor is connected to the high-voltage power supply voltage HV through a ninth resistor R9 and is connected to the ground in parallel through a tenth resistor R10 and a sixth coupling capacitor C6;
and the first end of the third coupling capacitor C3 is connected to the collector electrode of the third triode Q3 through a twelfth resistor R12, and the second end of the third coupling capacitor C3 is used as a nanosecond negative pulse output end of a unipolar pulse signal generating circuit of the large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator.
In the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit, a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2 which are connected in series up and down are quickly conducted under the action of a bipolar trigger pulse signal to generate an avalanche breakdown effect, and a positive-polarity fast-edge pulse signal is coupled and output through a second coupling capacitor C2 at the emitter of the first triode Q1; under the excitation of the output signals of the triode cascading circuit with the avalanche effect, which is connected in series up and down with the first stage, the third triode Q3 and the fourth triode Q4, which are connected in series up and down with the second stage, are connected in series, so that the avalanche breakdown effect is generated, and the negative polarity fast-edge high-voltage pulse signals are output at the collector electrode of the third triode Q3 through the third coupling capacitor C3.
The emitter of the first transistor Q1 generates a positive polarity pulse signal, and the collector of the third transistor Q3 generates a negative polarity nanosecond pulse signal. The pulse front of the nanosecond pulse signal is mainly determined by the avalanche conduction time of the triode, and the pulse width is mainly determined by the magnitudes of the second coupling capacitor C2, the third coupling capacitor C3, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7. The high-voltage supply voltage HV is selected according to the withstand voltage of the selected triode.
4. Balance pulse generating circuit
Referring to fig. 2, the balance pulse generating circuit includes: a second transformer T2, a thirteenth resistor R13, and a fourteenth resistor R14;
the second transformer T2 is characterized in that the homonymous end of a primary coil of the second transformer T2 is connected to the nanosecond negative pulse output end of the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit of the large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator, and the non-homonymous end of the second transformer T2 is connected to the ground; the homonymous end of the secondary coil is connected to the first end of the thirteenth resistor R13, the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil is connected to the first end of the fourteenth resistor R14, and the middle tap of the secondary coil is connected to the ground; the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is used as a negative pulse output end of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator; the second end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is used as a positive pulse output end of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator.
In the balanced pulse generating circuit, the broadband transformer performs shaping transformation on the generated pulse signal, and the series matching resistor effectively inhibits signal overshoot and absorption oscillation to obtain a balanced Gaussian pulse signal with small tailing and good waveform.
The working method of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator changes the high-voltage power supply voltage, the sizes of the second coupling capacitor C2, the third coupling capacitor C3, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 and the number of cascaded triodes, and can adjust the width and amplitude of output pulses to realize pulse adjustability.
The working process of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator is described as follows:
when the trigger pulse signal is in a low level state, the output signal of the secondary coil of the first transformer T1 is in a low level state, and the first triode Q1, the second triode Q2, the third triode Q3 and the fourth triode Q4 are in a cut-off state;
when the trigger pulse signal is at a high level, a bipolar narrow pulse trigger signal with positive potential difference is coupled between the same-name end and the non-same-name end of the secondary coil of the first transformer T1, the first triode Q1 is rapidly triggered and conducted, the second triode Q2 is subjected to overvoltage avalanche breakdown, and a positive pulse signal with rapid front edge is generated at the emitter of the second triode Q2;
third, after the positive pulse signals output by the first triode Q1 and the second triode Q2 arrive, the third triode Q3 is triggered and conducted rapidly, the fourth triode Q4 generates an overvoltage avalanche breakdown effect to form avalanche current, a negative nanosecond pulse signal is formed at the collector of the third triode Q3, and the negative nanosecond pulse signal is coupled and output through the third coupling capacitor C3;
and step four, the negative nanosecond pulse signal is subjected to shaping, polarity conversion and impedance matching by a balance pulse generating circuit to generate a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency balance nanosecond pulse signal with smaller tailing.
And fifthly, selecting a proper first triode Q1, a proper second triode Q2, a proper third triode Q3 and a proper fourth triode Q4 with avalanche effect, selecting a proper high-voltage power supply HV according to the withstand voltage of the triodes, adjusting the values of a second coupling capacitor C2, a third coupling capacitor C3, a sixth resistor R6 and a seventh resistor R7, and adjusting the pulse width and the voltage amplitude of the output large-amplitude nanosecond balance pulse signal. The larger the high-voltage power supply HV is, the larger the pulse width is; the larger the values of the second coupling capacitor C2 and the third coupling capacitor C3 are, the larger the pulse width is, and the larger the voltage amplitude is. One skilled in the art can select a suitable resistance value according to the model of the selected triode. The value of the second coupling capacitor C2 is 100 pf-1 nf, the value of the third coupling capacitor C3 is 30 pf-100 pf, the value of the sixth resistor R6 is 100 omega-500 omega, and the resistance of the seventh resistor R7 is 10 omega-100 omega. The fourth coupling capacitor C4 and the sixth coupling capacitor C6 have the same capacitance, and take 100pF to 500pF. The choice of transformer T2 is a wideband transformer that matches the bandwidth of the generated pulse signal. The resistance values of the thirteenth resistor R13 and the fourteenth resistor R14 adjust the ringing level between 10 and 20 ohms.
Practical tests show that the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generated by the embodiment has the advantages of adjustable pulse repetition frequency of 10 KHz-500 KHz, steep front edge, slow back edge, 1-2 ns front edge, 5-15 ns pulse width, 20V to 50V output voltage amplitude, good symmetry of positive and negative polarity waveforms, small tailing and suitability for ultra-wideband systems.
The present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, it should be clear to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is largely directed to a high repetition rate nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator.
Furthermore, the above definitions of the elements and methods are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and may be modified or replaced simply by one skilled in the art, for example:
(1) In this embodiment, the trigger pulse signal generating circuit may also be generated by an FPGA chip, so as to facilitate system integration;
(2) The bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit can be directly replaced by an NPN and PNP radio frequency triode switching circuit, a pair of bipolar trigger pulse signals with fast front edges and opposite phases are generated through the switching characteristics of the radio frequency triode, and the bipolar trigger pulse signals are simultaneously provided for the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the first triode Q1;
(3) In this embodiment, the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, and the fourth transistor Q4 are all transistors with avalanche effect, and may be avalanche transistors directly selected;
(4) And selecting a broadband transformer with matched bandwidths or selecting a magnetic core to wind automatically according to the bandwidth requirement of the generated signal.
In summary, the invention adopts the triode device with avalanche effect, fully utilizes the avalanche breakdown characteristic of the triode, combines the advantages thereof, and designs the large-amplitude nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator with adjustable repetition frequency, amplitude, front edge and bottom width. By adjusting the power supply voltage of the high-voltage power supply, the selection of the triode, the cascade stage number of the triode, the size of the capacitor and other parameters, the output characteristic parameters such as the amplitude, the pulse width and the like of the pulse can be adjusted, and balanced pulse signals with different bandwidths can be generated, so that the method is suitable for the application of pulse ultra-wideband radar systems with different frequency bands.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-amplitude high repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator, comprising:
the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit comprises a triode pulse generating circuit which is formed by triodes with avalanche effect and designed in a two-stage serial-parallel cascade connection and is used for generating a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative pulse signal by being triggered by an input bipolar trigger pulse signal;
the front end of the balance pulse generating circuit is electrically connected to the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit and is used for converting the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond negative polarity pulse signal into a balance pulse signal to generate a large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal;
the balance pulse generating circuit includes: a second transformer (T2), a thirteenth resistor (R13) and a fourteenth resistor (R14);
the second transformer (T2) is characterized in that the homonymous end of the primary coil of the second transformer is connected to the nanosecond negative pulse output end of the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator, and the non-homonymous end of the second transformer is connected to the ground; the same-name end of the secondary coil is connected to the first end of the thirteenth resistor (R13), the non-same-name end of the secondary coil is connected to the first end of the fourteenth resistor (R14), and the middle tap of the secondary coil is connected to the ground; the second end of the thirteenth resistor (R13) is used as a negative pulse output end of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator; the second end of the fourteenth resistor (R14) is used as a positive pulse output end of the large-amplitude high-repetition-frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator.
2. The high-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator of claim 1, further comprising:
the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit is used for generating a positive trigger pulse signal;
the front end of the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is electrically connected to the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit and is used for shaping and processing the positive trigger pulse signal to generate the bipolar trigger pulse signal; the rear end of the bipolar trigger pulse signal generating circuit is connected with the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit and is used for inputting bipolar trigger pulse signals to the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit.
3. The high-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator of claim 2, wherein the single-ended trigger pulse signal generation circuit is a square wave pulse signal generator.
4. The large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator of claim 2, wherein the bipolar trigger pulse signal generation circuit is a transformer coupling circuit, comprising: a first transformer (T1), a first coupling capacitor (C1) and a first resistor (R1);
the same-name end of the primary coil of the first transformer (T1) is connected to the output end of the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit after passing through a first coupling capacitor (C1) and a first resistor (R1) which are connected in series in sequence; the first resistor (R1) and the first coupling capacitor (C1) perform current-limiting differential shaping transformation on the positive-polarity trigger pulse signal generated by the single-ended trigger pulse signal generating circuit to generate a narrow-pulse trigger signal; the first transformer (T1) is used for coupling and converting the narrow pulse trigger signal, and a secondary coil of the first transformer (T1) outputs the bipolar trigger pulse signal; wherein, the homonymous terminal of the secondary coil outputs a positive trigger pulse signal; the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil outputs a negative trigger pulse signal.
5. The large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balance pulse signal generator of claim 4, wherein the unipolar pulse signal generation circuit comprises: a first triode (Q1), a second triode (Q2), a third triode (Q3), a fourth triode (Q4), a second coupling capacitor (C2), a third coupling capacitor (C3), a fourth coupling capacitor (C4), a fifth coupling capacitor (C5), a sixth coupling capacitor (C6), a seventh coupling capacitor (C7), a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3), a fourth resistor (R4), a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6), a seventh resistor (R7), an eighth resistor (R8), a ninth resistor (R9), a tenth resistor (R10), an eleventh resistor (R11), and a twelfth resistor (R12);
the base electrode of the first triode (Q1) is connected to the homonymous end of the secondary coil of the first transformer (T1); the emitter of the first resistor is connected to the non-homonymous end of the secondary coil of the first transformer (T1) and is connected to the ground through a fifth resistor (R5); the collector electrode is connected to the emitter electrode of the second triode (Q2) through a fourth resistor (R4) and is connected to the ground through a fifth coupling capacitor (C5);
a second transistor (Q2) having a collector connected to the high voltage supply voltage (HV) and connected to ground through a fourth coupling capacitor (C4); the base of which is connected to the high-voltage supply voltage (HV) via a second resistor (R2) and to ground via a third resistor (R3);
a second coupling capacitor (C2) having a first end connected to the emitter of the first transistor (Q1) and a second end connected to the first end of the sixth resistor (R6); the second end of the sixth resistor (R6) is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor (R7), and the second end of the seventh resistor (R7) is connected to ground; on the line of the sixth resistor (R6) to the seventh resistor (R7), a line is led out to be connected to the first end of the eighth resistor (R8); the second end of the second coupling capacitor (C2) is used as a positive pulse output end of a first-stage cascade circuit of the unipolar pulse signal generating circuit;
a third triode (Q3) with its base connected to the second end of the eighth resistor (R8); the emitter of which is connected to ground; the collector of the capacitor is connected to the emitter of the fourth triode (Q4) through an eleventh resistor (R11) and to the ground through a seventh coupling capacitor (C7);
a fourth transistor (Q4) having a collector connected to the high-voltage supply voltage (HV); the base electrode of the power supply is connected to a high-voltage power supply voltage (HV) through a ninth resistor (R9), and is connected to the ground in parallel through a tenth resistor (R10) and a sixth coupling capacitor (C6);
and the first end of the third coupling capacitor (C3) is connected to the collector electrode of the third triode (Q3) through a twelfth resistor (R12), and the second end of the third coupling capacitor (C3) is used as a nanosecond negative pulse output end of a unipolar pulse signal generating circuit of the large-amplitude high-repetition frequency nanosecond balanced pulse signal generator.
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| CN112152592B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2024-03-29 | 西安交通大学 | High repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation |
| CN112865759B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-06-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Time domain high-stability ultra-wide spectrum pulse source |
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