CN112152592B - High repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation - Google Patents
High repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112152592B CN112152592B CN202011010540.XA CN202011010540A CN112152592B CN 112152592 B CN112152592 B CN 112152592B CN 202011010540 A CN202011010540 A CN 202011010540A CN 112152592 B CN112152592 B CN 112152592B
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation, which is characterized in that a Marx circuit is combined with a magnetic bead equivalent circuit, and a trigger circuit for generating a narrow pulse width trigger signal is used for triggering an isolating switch, so that the integral heating power of the Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation is obviously reduced under the high repetition frequency condition, and particularly the heating power of magnetic beads of an isolating device is extremely low, the repetition frequency of nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulses is effectively improved, and the working time of the circuit when outputting the high repetition frequency pulses is prolonged. The trigger signal shaping circuit is adopted to effectively compress the pulse width of the trigger signal, and the trigger signal is converted into the differential signal and then used for triggering of the Marx circuit, so that the trigger end switch is prevented from being damaged due to long-time conduction under the action of the high-repetition frequency trigger signal, the repetition frequency of nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulses is effectively improved, and the stability of the Marx circuit is also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pulse generation circuits, and particularly relates to a high repetition frequency fast pulse generation circuit based on magnetic bead isolation.
Background
The high repetition frequency nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulse is widely applied to the fields of ultra-wideband radar, biological electromagnetic, laser physics, discharge plasma and the like, the pulse with sub-nanosecond rise time has extremely wide frequency band range, the pulse with high repetition frequency has larger average power, and the high repetition frequency characteristic can generate better application effect through accumulation effect.
The nanosecond/sub-nanosecond pulse generating circuit commonly used at present mainly adopts a gas switch or a semiconductor switch, and has the characteristics that: nanosecond/sub-nanosecond pulse generation circuits employing gas switching can produce high amplitude fast pulses, but due to the excessive switching recovery time, the pulse repetition frequency is typically within 1 kHz. The fast pulse generating circuit adopting the semiconductor switch has the characteristics of high pulse repetition frequency, convenient use, easy control, good waveform stability and the like, and a fast ionization switch, a delay breakdown diode, an avalanche triode and the like are generally selected as switching devices.
The Marx circuit, also called a Marx generator, is a pulse generating circuit commonly used in pulse power technology, and can generate electric pulses with fast front edges and high amplitude. The basic working principle is as follows: firstly, a high-voltage direct current source charges all stages of capacitors connected in parallel through an isolation circuit network formed by resistors or inductors; then, the switch between the capacitors is quickly closed by triggering instruction control, the capacitors of each stage are quickly connected in series, and the load is discharged to form high-amplitude pulses. The fast switching device such as an avalanche transistor is adopted in the Marx circuit and can be used for generating high-amplitude nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulses. The resistor is generally adopted as an isolation device in the traditional Marx circuit design, and the isolation device is characterized in that the isolation degree of nanosecond/subnanosecond fast pulses can be effectively improved by increasing the resistance of the resistor; however, when the pulse repetition frequency is increased, the thermal power of the isolation resistor is large, and the circuit is liable to be broken down due to the circuit overheat problem, which becomes one of the main limiting factors of the maximum pulse repetition frequency of the circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects, and provides a high-repetition-frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation, which can generate high-repetition-frequency nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulses and effectively avoid the overheating problem of isolation devices in the pulse generating circuit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention comprises a Marx circuit composed of a plurality of stages of charging capacitors, each stage of charging capacitor is connected with two groups of magnetic bead equivalent circuits in parallel, an isolating switch is arranged between each stage of charging capacitor and each magnetic bead equivalent circuit, the isolating switch is controlled by a trigger circuit, and the trigger circuit is used for generating narrow pulse width triggerThe signal and magnetic bead equivalent circuit comprises an inductor L, and the inductor L is connected with a frequency-dependent resistor R in parallel ac And capacitor C par Inductance L and frequency variable resistance R ac And capacitor C par Common series resistor R dc 。
The same group of magnetic bead equivalent circuits with the charging capacitors connected in parallel are arranged in series.
The same group of magnetic bead equivalent circuits with the charging capacitors connected in parallel are connected in parallel.
The trigger circuit comprises a capacitor C t1 Capacitance C t2 And capacitor C t3 Capacitance C t1 Receiving square wave signal, capacitor C t1 Capacitance C t2 And capacitor C t3 Arranged in series, capacitor C t1 And capacitor C t2 A step recovery diode SRD is arranged between 1 Step recovery diode SRD 1 Is connected with the capacitor C by the positive electrode t2 And resistance R t1 Is connected with the capacitor C by the negative electrode t1 And resistance R t2 One end of the resistor R t1 Is connected with the power supply-V cc And resistance R t3 R is one end of t3 Is connected with the step recovery diode SRD at the other end 1 Is a negative pole of a step recovery diode SRD 1 Is grounded, capacitor C t3 And resistance R t2 The other end of the transformer is connected with a transmission line transformer TLT 1 Is connected to the transmission line transformer TLT 1 The other end of which transmits a trigger signal.
The isolating switch is a nanosecond/sub-nanosecond switching device.
The isolating switch adopts magnetic beads with high magnetic loss resistance characteristics or inductance type devices with high magnetic loss resistance characteristics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the Marx circuit is combined with the magnetic bead equivalent circuit, and the trigger circuit for generating the narrow pulse width trigger signal is used for triggering the isolating switch, so that the integral heating power of the Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation is obviously reduced under the high-repetition frequency condition, and particularly the heating power of the magnetic beads of the isolating device is extremely low, the repetition frequency of nanosecond/subnanosecond fast pulses is effectively improved, and the working time of the circuit when the high-repetition frequency pulses are output is prolonged. The trigger signal shaping circuit is adopted to effectively compress the pulse width of the trigger signal, and the trigger signal is converted into the differential signal and then used for triggering of the Marx circuit, so that the trigger end switch is prevented from being damaged due to long-time conduction under the action of the high-repetition frequency trigger signal, the repetition frequency of nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulses is effectively improved, and the stability of the Marx circuit is also improved.
Furthermore, the step recovery diode adopted by the trigger circuit has reverse rapid recovery characteristic, and compresses the square wave signal into a trigger signal with a pulse width of nanosecond level; the adopted transmission line transformer has a working frequency band which can cover the main frequency band of the trigger signal, has the function of converting the output trigger signal into a differential signal without distortion, and realizes the effective triggering of the first-stage fast switch of the Marx circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic bead impedance characteristic curve;
FIG. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of an equivalent magnetic bead circuit according to the present invention; wherein (a) is a magnetic bead equivalent circuit diagram, and (b) is a magnetic bead equivalent simplified circuit diagram;
FIG. 3 shows a serial charged Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a parallel charged Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a trigger signal shaping circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the comparison of pulse waveforms output from a conventional resistor isolation circuit and a bead isolation circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, analyzing the operating characteristics of the magnetic beads, for inductive devices for pulse isolation, it is necessary to focus on analyzing their frequency domain characteristics to accommodate the broadband needs of nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulse isolation. For most inductance devices, due to the metal coil structure in the internal structure, the inductance is formed and the self-resonance frequency exists in a high frequency band due to the inter-turn distributed capacitance effect, and when the working frequency approaches to the frequency, the equivalent impedance of the inductance is rapidly changed from inductance to capacitanceThe corresponding reactance value decreases rapidly, and thus determines that the upper limit of the effective operating frequency of the inductor is typically significantly less than the self-resonant frequency. Compared with the inductor, the magnetic bead has the characteristic of obviously increasing the equivalent resistance when the working frequency reaches the self-resonant frequency. Therefore, the equivalent circuit of the ferrite bead introduces the parallel frequency variable resistor R into the air core inductance equivalent circuit ac Representing the equivalent resistance caused by the magnetic loss inside the magnetic core under high frequency conditions. According to the magnetic bead impedance characteristic curve, ferrite magnetic beads show similar impedance characteristics as air core inductance in low and medium frequency ranges, and gradually transition from a direct current resistance section to a inductance section. Distributed capacitance and magnetic loss equivalent resistance R with increasing frequency ac The effect of (a) starts to increase, which causes a decrease in the equivalent reactance X of the magnetic beads and an increase in the equivalent resistance R. When the working frequency is close to the self-resonant frequency, the magnetic beads enter the magnetic loss resistance region, and the magnetic loss equivalent resistance R ac The generation of resonance peaks is significantly increased and suppressed. When the operating frequency is equal to the self-resonant frequency, R ac Maximum values occur, which can typically be hundreds or thousands of ohms. Therefore, the ferrite magnetic beads can inhibit high-frequency signals of hundreds of MHz and even GHz, and the magnetic beads meeting the requirements of circuit parameters can be applied to Marx circuits to generate nanosecond/sub-nanosecond fast pulses.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the invention comprises a Marx circuit composed of a plurality of stages of charging capacitors, each stage of charging capacitors is connected with two groups of magnetic bead equivalent circuits in parallel, an isolating switch is arranged between each stage of charging capacitors and the magnetic bead equivalent circuits, the isolating switch is controlled by a trigger circuit, the trigger circuit is used for generating a narrow pulse width trigger signal, the magnetic bead equivalent circuits comprise an inductor L, and the inductor L is connected with a frequency variable resistor R in parallel ac And capacitor C par Inductance L and frequency variable resistance R ac And capacitor C par Common series resistor R dc . The same group of magnetic bead equivalent circuits with the charging capacitors connected in parallel are connected in series or in parallel.
Wherein the magnetic beads are expressed as equivalent inductances L according to a simplified circuit eq And equivalent resistance R eq Is marked as Z. In the circuit charging process, the magnetic beads work in a medium-low frequency range, and the equivalent impedance of the magnetic beadsIs a direct current resistor R dc In series with the inductor L, the charging process is similar to that of an inductor isolated Marx circuit due to the small dc resistance. In order to ensure that the direct current passing through the magnetic beads during charging is smaller than the maximum current value, it is necessary to install a current limiting resistor R C To prevent the magnetic beads or the switching devices from being damaged by overcurrent. In the pulse forming process of the Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation, the type selection of the magnetic beads directly determines the isolation effect of the magnetic beads on pulses. Since the generated pulse is a unipolar pulse with a rise time on the order of nanoseconds or sub-nanoseconds, its frequency band ranges from direct current to high frequencies up to hundreds of MHz and even GHz in the frequency domain. For the low and medium frequency components of the pulse (corresponding to the dc resistive and inductive regions of the magnetic bead), the magnetic bead can isolate the pulse using its equivalent inductance. Therefore, the equivalent inductance value of the magnetic beads in the middle and low frequency ranges should meet the over-damping characteristic of the pulse forming process. For the high frequency component of the pulse (corresponding to the magnetic loss resistive region of the magnetic bead), the pulse can be isolated by using the magnetic loss equivalent resistance of the ferrite magnetic bead at high frequency, so that it is necessary to perform broadband impedance measurement on the magnetic bead to evaluate the isolation capability of the magnetic bead on nanosecond/sub nanosecond fast pulse, and the equivalent impedance at the high frequency band is generally considered to be at least 10 times of the load impedance.
Referring to fig. 5, the trigger circuit includes a capacitor C t1 Capacitance C t2 And capacitor C t3 Capacitance C t1 Receiving square wave signal, capacitor C t1 Capacitance C t2 And capacitor C t3 Arranged in series, capacitor C t1 And capacitor C t2 A step recovery diode SRD is arranged between 1 Step recovery diode SRD 1 Is connected with the capacitor C by the positive electrode t2 And resistance R t1 Is connected with the capacitor C by the negative electrode t1 And resistance R t2 One end of the resistor R t1 Is connected with the power supply-V cc And resistance R t3 R is one end of t3 Is connected with the step recovery diode SRD at the other end 1 Is a negative pole of a step recovery diode SRD 1 Is grounded, capacitor C t3 And resistance R t2 The other end of the transformer is connected with a transmission line transformer TLT 1 Is a transmission lineTransformer TLT 1 The other end of which transmits a trigger signal.
The circuit can compress the width of square wave signals by utilizing the reverse rapid recovery characteristic of the step recovery diode, and can convert the trigger signals into differential signals by adopting the isolation of a broadband transmission line transformer, thereby effectively isolating the trigger signal source and the trigger end of the pulse source and being beneficial to the stable and effective triggering of the pulse generating circuit.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the comparison of the output pulse waveforms of the conventional resistor isolation Marx circuit and the bead isolation Marx circuit according to the present invention. In the embodiment of the invention, the trigger signal shaping circuit can generate a high-repetition-frequency narrow pulse width trigger signal with the amplitude of 5V, the pulse width of 1ns and the highest repetition frequency of 5 MHz. In the embodiment of the invention, a 20-level Marx circuit based on resistance isolation and a 20-level Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation are respectively developed, and the 20-level Marx circuit is started to be an avalanche triode. Comparing the output pulse waveforms, no significant difference was found between the sub-nanosecond pulses generated by the two circuits. Infrared thermal imaging tests show that under the condition of the same pulse repetition frequency, the isolation resistor in the Marx circuit based on resistor isolation generates serious heat and even limits the further improvement of the pulse repetition frequency; under the same condition, the isolation device in the Marx circuit based on magnetic bead isolation hardly has overheat phenomenon, the output pulse amplitude of the circuit is about 1.5kV, and the pulse repetition frequency can reach 300kHz under the condition of no forced cooling measure.
It should be noted that the above description of the present invention with respect to the specific preferred embodiments is not to be construed as limiting the invention to the specific embodiments, but rather as merely enabling those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from its spirit and scope and therefore should be considered as belonging to the claimed invention.
Claims (2)
1. A high-repetition-frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation is characterized by comprising a Marx circuit formed by a plurality of stages of charging capacitors, wherein each stage of charging capacitor is connected with two groups of magnetic bead equivalent circuits in parallel, and each stage of charging capacitor and magnetic beadsAn isolating switch is arranged between the equivalent circuits, the isolating switch is controlled by a trigger circuit, the trigger circuit is used for generating a narrow pulse width trigger signal, the magnetic bead equivalent circuit comprises an inductor L, and the inductor L is connected with a frequency-variable resistor R in parallel ac And capacitor C par Inductance L and frequency variable resistance R ac And capacitor C par Common series resistor R dc ；
The same group of magnetic bead equivalent circuits with the charging capacitors connected in parallel are arranged in series;
the same group of magnetic bead equivalent circuits with the charging capacitors connected in parallel are connected in parallel;
the trigger circuit comprises a capacitor C t1 Capacitance C t2 And capacitor C t3 Capacitance C t1 Receiving square wave signal, capacitor C t1 Capacitance C t2 And capacitor C t3 Arranged in series, capacitor C t1 And capacitor C t2 A step recovery diode SRD is arranged between 1 Step recovery diode SRD 1 Is connected with the capacitor C by the positive electrode t2 And resistance R t1 Is connected with the capacitor C by the negative electrode t1 And resistance R t2 One end of the resistor R t1 Is connected with the power supply-V cc And resistance R t3 R is one end of t3 Is connected with the step recovery diode SRD at the other end 1 Is a negative pole of a step recovery diode SRD 1 Is grounded, capacitor C t3 And resistance R t2 The other end of the transformer is connected with a transmission line transformer TLT 1 Is connected to the transmission line transformer TLT 1 The other end of the (a) transmits a trigger signal;
the isolating switch is a nanosecond/sub-nanosecond switching device.
2. The high-repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation according to claim 1, wherein the isolating switch adopts magnetic beads with high magnetic loss resistance characteristics or inductance type devices with high magnetic loss resistance characteristics.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011010540.XA CN112152592B (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-09-23 | High repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation |
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| CN202011010540.XA CN112152592B (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-09-23 | High repetition frequency fast pulse generating circuit based on magnetic bead isolation |
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| CN112152592B true CN112152592B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| CN113721054B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-06-28 | 宁波市信测检测技术有限公司 | Comb signal generator |
| CN114696795A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Composite feed circuit of ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6087871A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 2000-07-11 | Kardo-Syssoev; Alexei F. | Pulse generating circuits using drift step recovery devices |
| CN103633964A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | High-reliability large-power nanosecond narrow pulse generating circuit |
| WO2015164760A1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | Nch Corporation | A system and method for treating water systems with high voltage discharge and ozone |
| CN107241085A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-10 | 中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心 | Significantly Gao Zhongying nanosecond equalizing pulse signal generator |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10020800B2 (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2018-07-10 | Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. | High voltage nanosecond pulser with variable pulse width and pulse repetition frequency |
| WO2018236883A1 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-27 | Stangenes Industries, Inc. | Systems and method for paralleled identical marx generators |
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- 2020-09-23 CN CN202011010540.XA patent/CN112152592B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6087871A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 2000-07-11 | Kardo-Syssoev; Alexei F. | Pulse generating circuits using drift step recovery devices |
| CN103633964A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | High-reliability large-power nanosecond narrow pulse generating circuit |
| WO2015164760A1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | Nch Corporation | A system and method for treating water systems with high voltage discharge and ozone |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| "Experimental analysis of a solid-state Marx topology utilizing a boost regulator circuit to generate millisecond pulses with low droop";Christopher Yeckel等;《2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)》;第187-190页 * |
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