CN114696795A - Composite feed circuit of ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator - Google Patents
Composite feed circuit of ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005658 nuclear physics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M11/00—Power conversion systems not covered by the preceding groups
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite feed circuit of an ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, which comprises an energy storage capacitor group, a gas spark switch group, a charging/isolating assembly and a feed power supply, wherein the feed power supply is a constant-current power supply, the charging/isolating assembly comprises a charging/isolating unit formed by connecting a plurality of resistance inductors in series, the first end of the constant-current power supply is connected with a first charging/isolating branch, the second end of the constant-current power supply is connected with a second charging/isolating branch, and the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch respectively comprise a plurality of charging/isolating units connected in series; the energy storage capacitor bank and the gas spark switch bank are respectively connected between the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch. Compared with an LRC composite feed method based on damping inductance, the composite feed circuit of the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator provided by the invention has the advantages that the charging efficiency is greatly improved, and the oscillating counter-peak voltage of a parasitic loop of LC feed is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage pulse, in particular to a composite feed circuit of an ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator.
Background
The ultrahigh voltage Marx generator is a high-voltage pulse generating device, can generate high-voltage pulses with the amplitude of hundreds of kilovolts or even megavolts and the pulse width of hundreds of nanoseconds, and can drive a particle accelerator to generate high-energy particle beams for nuclear physics scientific experiments; or drive high-power microwave source devices such as a magnetron, a backward wave oscillator and the like to generate microwave signals of GW magnitude, and can generate the effects of disturbance and damage on sensitive components in the existing electronic equipment.
The ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator usually adopts a high-voltage high-frequency capacitor as an energy storage element, the dielectric medium of the capacitor can be high-dielectric-constant ceramic or high-molecular film material, the rated working voltage can reach about 100kV, and the conducting switch is generally a gas spark electrode switch. At present, the circuits mainly have two modes of RC feeding adopting resistance isolation and LC feeding adopting inductance isolation, and have respective advantages and disadvantages in practical application.
(1) RC feeding mode:
as shown in the circuit of fig. 1, energy storage capacitors C0-C12, gas spark switches S1-S13, charging/isolating resistors R0-R24, diodes D1 and D2, a load RL and a power supply +/-Vcc are constant voltage power supplies. In the charging process, a power supply charges energy storage capacitors C0 to Cn through R0 to R2n, and according to the RC circuit principle, the voltage at two ends of each capacitor is as follows:
u＝U(1-e-t/RC)
charging current:
i＝Ue-t/RC/R
charging efficiency:
η＝∫0 Ti2Rdt/∫0 Tuidt＝50％
after a time T (T >5RC) the charging is complete and the theoretical charging efficiency is only 50%. The charging resistor has large power consumption during the repeated frequency operation, and is easy to damage due to overheating.
When the capacitor voltage reaches the rated working voltage U, the spark switches S1-S13 are sequentially switched on through overvoltage breakdown, the C0-C12 are connected in series to discharge to the load RL, and the output pulse voltage VOUT of n times Vcc is obtained on the RL. In the discharging process, the resistors R0-R2 n play an isolation role between stages, the reverse channeling of output voltage is also avoided, the power supply is prevented from being damaged, the resistance value cannot be too small, and the magnitude of 10k omega-1M omega is usually required. Each stage of resistor needs to withstand a pulse voltage up to 2 times Vcc, and the resistor is easily damaged by high voltage breakdown.
(2) LC feeding mode:
the circuit IS shown in fig. 2, the operation principle IS similar to that of the RC feeding mode, except that the charging/isolating resistors R0-R24 in fig. 1 are replaced by charging/isolating inductors L0-L24, the feeding power supply IS a constant current power supply, and because the direct current impedance of the charging inductor IS low, the generated heat consumption IS also low, and the charging efficiency IS high. The inductance of the inductor plays an isolation role in the discharging process, in order to guarantee good high-frequency isolation characteristics, a hollow inductor is generally adopted, the inductance is 10-100 uH magnitude, and the winding of the inductor needs to adopt a high-voltage wire with an insulating layer to avoid turn-to-turn breakdown. Note that there are several parasitic resonant tanks in the circuit of FIG. 2, as shown by C2-S2-L3 and C3-S2-L4 in the dashed boxes. Due to the fact that the gas spark switch is conducted randomly, when the Marx circuit is not well established, for example, the switches S1 and S2 are conducted, but S3-S13 are not conducted; or the cathode of the load microwave tube does not emit normally, namely S1-S13 are conducted, when RL is disconnected, the parasitic loop can form LC oscillation, energy can be exchanged between the capacitor and the inductor due to the lack of damping of the charging/isolating inductor, and the inverse peak voltage and the inverse peak current can appear on the capacitor. There are studies showing that the capacitor lifetime decreases exponentially as the voltage coefficient of the capacitor increases. The LC feed mode storage capacitor is easily damaged in advance.
Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved how to provide a feeding circuit capable of effectively reducing the voltage inverse peak coefficient of the energy storage capacitor while ensuring the withstand voltage, isolation and charging efficiency of the feeding circuit.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a composite feed circuit of an ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, and aims to solve the technical problems that indexes such as voltage resistance, isolation and charging efficiency of an RC feed circuit in the conventional ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator are not ideal, and the service life of the RC feed circuit is shortened due to the increase of the peak-off coefficient of the LC feed circuit.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a composite feed circuit of an ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, which comprises an energy storage capacitor group, a gas spark switch group, a charging/isolating assembly and a feed power supply, wherein the feed power supply is a constant-current power supply, and the charging/isolating assembly comprises a charging/isolating unit formed by connecting a plurality of resistance inductors in series; wherein:
the first end of the constant current power supply is connected with a first charging/isolating branch, the second end of the constant current power supply is connected with a second charging/isolating branch, and the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch respectively comprise a plurality of charging/isolating units which are connected in series;
the energy storage capacitor group comprises a first energy storage capacitor and a plurality of second energy storage capacitors which are arranged between a first charging/isolating branch and a second charging isolating branch in parallel, the first end of the first energy storage capacitor is grounded, the second end of the first energy storage capacitor is connected between two charging/isolating units at the head end of the second charging isolating branch, and two ends of the second energy storage capacitor are connected between two adjacent charging/isolating units on the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch in a staggered manner;
the gas spark switch group comprises a first gas spark switch and a plurality of second gas spark switches which are arranged between a first charging/isolating branch and a second charging isolating branch in parallel, the first end of the first gas spark switch is connected with a voltage output end, the second end of the first gas spark switch is connected with the tail end of the second charging isolating branch, and the two ends of each second gas spark switch are correspondingly connected between two adjacent charging/isolating units on the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch.
Optionally, the staggered connection specifically includes:
the first ends of the plurality of second energy storage capacitors are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the first charging/isolating branch;
second ends of the second energy storage capacitors are respectively arranged between the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit and the (n + 2) th charging/isolating unit on the second charging/isolating branch.
Optionally, the corresponding connection specifically includes:
the first ends of the plurality of second gas spark switches are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the first charging/isolating branch;
second ends of the second gas spark switches are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the second charging/isolating branch.
Optionally, the charging/isolating unit employs a damping inductor.
Optionally, the damping inductor includes a skeleton, an upper end cover, a lower end cover and a spiral resistance wire; the spiral resistance wire is densely wound on the framework in a single layer to form the hollow inductor with the damping characteristic, and the spiral resistance wire is connected with the upper end cover and the lower end cover in a welding mode respectively.
Optionally, the spiral resistance wire comprises a constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire, a glass fiber wire and a silica gel insulating layer; the constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire is spirally wound on a plurality of strands of glass fiber wires, and the silica gel insulating layer covers the constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire.
Optionally, the framework is in threaded connection with the upper end cover and the lower end cover.
The invention provides a composite feed circuit of an ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, which comprises an energy storage capacitor group, a gas spark switch group, a charging/isolating assembly and a feed power supply, wherein the feed power supply is a constant-current power supply, the charging/isolating assembly comprises a charging/isolating unit formed by connecting a plurality of resistance inductors in series, the first end of the constant-current power supply is connected with a first charging/isolating branch, the second end of the constant-current power supply is connected with a second charging/isolating branch, and the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch respectively comprise a plurality of charging/isolating units connected in series; the energy storage capacitor bank and the gas spark switch bank are respectively connected between the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch. According to the invention, an LRC composite feed mode is adopted to replace an RC or LC feed mode in the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, so that the amplitude of LC resonance of a parasitic loop in the discharging process is greatly reduced, the peak-reversal voltage and the peak-reversal current on the energy storage capacitor C are reduced, the resistance value is far smaller than that of a charging resistor in the RC feed mode, and the charging efficiency is higher. Compared with an LRC composite feed method based on damping inductance, the composite feed circuit of the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator provided by the invention has the advantages that the charging efficiency is greatly improved, and the oscillating counter-peak voltage of a parasitic loop of LC feed is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RC fed ultra high voltage Marx generator circuit;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an LC fed ultra high voltage Marx generator circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-high voltage Marx generator circuit with LRC composite feeding according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a damping inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a damping inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of LC feed mode parasitic loop resonance voltage simulation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of resonant voltage of a parasitic loop in LRC feeding mode.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 1 | |
5 | Constantan/nickel- |
| 2 | |
6 | |
| 3 | Upper end cap | 7 | Silica gel |
| 4 | Lower end cap |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the protection scope of the invention.
The ultrahigh voltage Marx generator is a high-voltage pulse generating device, can generate high-voltage pulses with the amplitude of hundreds of kilovolts or even megavolts and the pulse width of hundreds of nanoseconds, and can drive a particle accelerator to generate high-energy particle beams for nuclear physics scientific experiments; or drive high-power microwave source devices such as a magnetron, a backward wave oscillator and the like to generate microwave signals of GW magnitude, and can generate the effects of disturbing and damaging sensitive components in the existing electronic equipment.
The ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator usually adopts a high-voltage high-frequency capacitor as an energy storage element, the dielectric medium of the capacitor can be high-dielectric-constant ceramic or high-molecular film material, the rated working voltage can reach about 100kV, and the conducting switch is generally a gas spark electrode switch. At present, the circuits mainly have two modes of RC feeding adopting resistance isolation and LC feeding adopting inductance isolation, and have respective advantages and disadvantages in practical application.
(1) RC feeding mode:
as shown in the circuit of fig. 1, energy storage capacitors C0-C12, gas spark switches S1-S13, charging/isolating resistors R0-R24, diodes D1 and D2, a load RL and a power supply +/-Vcc are constant voltage power supplies. In the charging process, a power supply charges energy storage capacitors C0 to Cn through R0 to R2n, and according to the RC circuit principle, the voltage at two ends of each capacitor is as follows:
u＝U(1-e-t/RC)
charging current:
i＝Ue-t/RC/R
charging efficiency:
η＝∫0 Ti2Rdt/∫0 Tuidt＝50％
after a time T (T >5RC) the charging is complete and the theoretical charging efficiency is only 50%. The charging resistor has large power consumption during the repeated frequency operation, and is easy to damage due to overheating.
When the capacitor voltage reaches the rated working voltage U, the spark switches S1-S13 are sequentially switched on through overvoltage breakdown, the C0-C12 are connected in series to discharge to the load RL, and the output pulse voltage VOUT of n times Vcc is obtained on the RL. In the discharging process, the resistors R0-R2 n play an isolation role between stages, the reverse channeling of output voltage is also avoided, the power supply is prevented from being damaged, the resistance value cannot be too small, and the magnitude of 10k omega-1M omega is usually required. Each stage of resistor needs to withstand a pulse voltage up to 2 times Vcc, and the resistor is easily damaged by high voltage breakdown.
(2) LC feeding mode:
the circuit IS shown in fig. 2, the operation principle IS similar to that of the RC feeding mode, except that the charging/isolating resistors R0-R24 in fig. 1 are replaced by charging/isolating inductors L0-L24, the feeding power supply IS a constant current power supply, and because the direct current impedance of the charging inductor IS low, the generated heat consumption IS also low, and the charging efficiency IS high. The inductance of the inductor plays an isolation role in the discharging process, in order to guarantee good high-frequency isolation characteristics, a hollow inductor is generally adopted, the inductance is 10-100 uH magnitude, and the winding of the inductor needs to adopt a high-voltage wire with an insulating layer to avoid turn-to-turn breakdown. Note that there are several parasitic resonant tanks in the circuit of FIG. 2, as shown by C2-S2-L3 and C3-S2-L4 in the dashed boxes. Due to the fact that the gas spark switch is conducted randomly, when the Marx circuit is not well established, for example, the switches S1 and S2 are conducted, but S3-S13 are not conducted; or the cathode of the load microwave tube does not emit normally, namely S1-S13 are conducted, when RL is disconnected, the parasitic loop can form LC oscillation, and energy can be exchanged between the capacitor and the inductor due to the lack of damping of the charging/isolating inductor, so that the capacitor generates an inverse peak voltage and an inverse peak current. There are studies showing that the capacitor lifetime decreases exponentially as the voltage coefficient of the capacitor increases. The LC feed mode storage capacitor is easily damaged in advance.
Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to provide a feeder circuit that can effectively reduce the voltage peak-to-peak coefficient of the energy storage capacitor while ensuring the withstand voltage, isolation, and charging efficiency of the feeder circuit.
In order to solve this problem, various embodiments of the composite feed circuit of the ultra-high voltage Marx generator of the present invention are proposed. According to the composite feed circuit of the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, an RC or LC feed mode in the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator is replaced by an LRC composite feed mode, the LC resonance amplitude of a parasitic loop in the discharging process is greatly reduced, the peak-to-peak voltage and the peak-to-peak current on the energy storage capacitor C are reduced, the resistance value is far smaller than that of a charging resistor in the RC feed mode, and the charging efficiency is high. Compared with an LRC composite feed method based on damping inductance, the composite feed circuit of the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator provided by the invention has the advantages that the charging efficiency is greatly improved, and the oscillating counter-peak voltage of a parasitic loop of LC feed is greatly reduced.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite feed circuit of an ultra-high voltage Marx generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a composite feed circuit of an ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator, which comprises an energy storage capacitor bank, a gas spark switch bank, a charging/isolating assembly and a feed power supply, wherein the feed power supply is a constant-current power supply, and the charging/isolating assembly comprises a charging/isolating unit formed by connecting a plurality of resistance inductors in series.
Specifically, a first end of the constant current power supply is connected with a first charging/isolating branch, a second end of the constant current power supply is connected with a second charging/isolating branch, and the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch respectively comprise a plurality of charging/isolating units which are connected in series. In this embodiment, the first terminal of the constant current source is a positive terminal of the constant current source, and the second terminal of the constant current source is a negative terminal of the constant current source.
It should be noted that, the energy storage capacitor bank includes a first energy storage capacitor and a plurality of second energy storage capacitors arranged in parallel between the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch, a first end of the first energy storage capacitor is grounded, a second end of the first energy storage capacitor is connected between two charging/isolating units at the head end of the second charging isolating branch, and two ends of the second energy storage capacitor are connected between two adjacent charging/isolating units on the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch in a staggered manner.
The gas spark switch group comprises a first gas spark switch and a plurality of second gas spark switches which are arranged between the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch in parallel, the first end of the first gas spark switch is connected with the voltage output end, the second end of the first gas spark switch is connected with the tail end of the second charging isolating branch, and the two ends of the second gas spark switch are correspondingly connected between two adjacent charging/isolating units on the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch.
In practical applications, the staggered connection may specifically be:
the first ends of the plurality of second energy storage capacitors are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the first charging/isolating branch; second ends of the second energy storage capacitors are respectively arranged between the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit and the (n + 2) th charging/isolating unit on the second charging/isolating branch.
The corresponding connection can be specifically as follows:
the first ends of the plurality of second gas spark switches are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the first charging/isolating branch; second ends of the second gas spark switches are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the second charging/isolating branch.
In this embodiment, a resistor or an inductor in the charging loop is replaced with a resistor-inductor combination device, which is equivalent to Rn + Ln in fig. 3, and a proper resistance value Rn (50 Ω -100 Ω) is selected, so that the amplitude of LC resonance of the parasitic loop in the discharging process is greatly reduced, the inverse peak voltage and the inverse peak current on the energy storage capacitor C are reduced, the resistance value Rn is far smaller than the charging resistor in the RC feeding mode, and the charging efficiency is high.
In another embodiment, the charging/isolating unit adopts a damping inductor, and the damping inductor comprises a framework 1, an upper end cover 3, a lower end cover 4 and a spiral resistance wire 2; the spiral resistance wire 2 is densely wound on the framework 1 in a single layer to form a hollow inductor with damping characteristics, and the spiral resistance wire 2 is connected with the upper end cover 3 and the lower end cover 4 in a welding mode respectively.
Specifically, the charging/isolating resistor and the inductor can be integrated and designed into one device: the damping inductor has a structure as shown in fig. 4, and includes a frame 1, an upper end cap 3, a lower end cap 4, a spiral resistance wire 2, and the like. The spiral resistance wire 2 is densely wound on the framework in a single layer to form a hollow inductor with certain damping characteristics, the inductance is larger than 10uH, and the resistance of the spiral resistance wire 2 ensures the good isolation effect of the damping inductor on the discharge pulse signals. The spiral resistance wire 2 is connected with the upper end cover 3 and the lower end cover 4 in a welding way.
In yet another embodiment, the spiral resistance wire 2 comprises constantan/nichrome resistance wire 5, glass fiber wire 6 and silica gel insulation layer 7; the constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire 5 is spirally wound on a plurality of strands of glass fiber wires 6, and the constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire 5 is covered with the silica gel insulating layer 7.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, in the spiral resistance wire, the constantan/nichrome resistance wire 5 is spirally wound on the glass fiber wires 6, the spiral shape is helpful to increase the inductance of the damping inductance, and the resistance Rn can be adjusted by selecting resistance wires with different thickness specifications. The effect of the glass fibre filaments 6 is to increase the tensile strength of the spiral resistance wire while helping to maintain the spiral shape of the resistance wire during manufacture. The resistance wire is covered with a high-voltage resistant silica gel insulating layer 7, the insulating layer has a certain thickness, the situation that 5-10 kV voltage is borne between the wires and the lines is not broken down is guaranteed, and the damping inductor can completely bear hundreds of kilovolt pulse voltage in the discharging process.
In addition, the framework 1 is in threaded connection with the upper end cover 3 and the lower end cover 4, the interfaces of the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively designed into the shapes of a screw and a screw hole, cascade connection is facilitated, and soldering lugs or metal strips can be used for leading out between the two stages of damping inductors and connecting the two stages of damping inductors to the capacitor.
In this embodiment, the design of integrating the charging resistor and the inductor of the Marx generator into a whole is provided, an LRC composite feed mode is formed, the charging efficiency is greatly improved compared with an RC feed mode, the LC resonance of a parasitic loop is greatly weakened compared with an LC feed mode, and the specific effects are as follows:
in the constant-current charging process, because the resistance and the inductance of the charging loop are far smaller than the low-frequency impedance of the energy storage capacitor C, the charging current I on each stage of capacitor is considered to be equal, R is the resistance value of each stage of damping inductor, T is the charging time when the capacitor reaches the rated voltage U, and N is the stage number of the Marx circuit. The heat loss generated by the two series of damping inductors in the whole charging process is as follows:
total energy charged by the capacitor:
charging efficiency:
the introduction of the resistive device results in slightly lower charging efficiency than that of the pure LC feeding mode, but is much higher than that of the RC feeding mode, and can reach more than 90% in general (see the implementation example). The heat consumption of the damping inductor during working is low, so that the Marx generator can work at a high repetition frequency.
During discharging, a parasitic loop formed by Sn-Cn-L2n-R2n has a resonant frequency
The attenuation coefficient α is R/2L, L is the inductance of each stage of damping inductance, and according to the principle of the LRC circuit, the voltage across the capacitor:
u＝Ue-αt(cosωt+αsinωt/ω)
wherein:
increasing the resistance value R of the damping inductance can suppress the LC resonance of the parasitic loop, but the charging efficiency may decrease. The optimal resistance value should be selected as
Namely a critical damping state, not only can eliminate voltage oscillation on the capacitor, but also can keep the charging efficiency as high as possible. The RLC composite feed mode can reduce the capacitance inverse peak voltage coefficient to be close to 0.
For the convenience of understanding, the embodiment provides a specific example of the composite feed circuit of the ultra-high voltage Marx generator, which is as follows:
the invention adopts LRC composite feed mode to replace RC or LC feed mode in the ultra-high voltage Marx generator, figure 3 is an implementation example of the invention, in which:
the stage number of the Marx circuit IS 12, the capacity Cn of the single-stage energy storage capacitor IS 18nF, the charging power supply IS IS a 1.2A constant current power supply, and the load RL IS 60 omega. Rn + Ln is a charging/isolating damping inductor, and when a charging power supply charges the capacitor voltage to +/-50 kV through the damping inductor, switches S1-S13 are broken down and conducted once, and high-voltage pulses are output to a load RL.
The designed inductance value of the single-stage damping inductor is 15uH, and the resistance value is 50 omega. The damping inductor was manufactured schematically according to fig. 4, where the length of the winding was about 80mm, the diameter was 20mm, and the number of turns was 40. The resistance value of the high-voltage resistant spiral resistance wire is 20 omega/m, and the outer diameter of the silica gel insulating layer is about 2mm
Fig. 6 and 7 are simulation diagrams of parasitic loop resonance voltages of the LC feeding mode and the LRC composite feeding mode, respectively. The charging efficiency and the peak-to-peak capacitance coefficient of the feeding mode in comparison 3 are shown in table 1 under the condition that the circuit level number and the energy storage capacitance are the same and the work repetition frequency is 1 Hz.
Table 1 comparison of different feeding modes
Theoretical analysis and simulation calculation prove that compared with an RC feed, the LRC composite feed method based on the damping inductance greatly improves the charging efficiency, and compared with a parasitic loop oscillation inverse peak voltage of an LC feed, the LRC composite feed method based on the damping inductance greatly reduces the charging efficiency.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations that may be applied to the present specification and drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The composite feed circuit of the ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator is characterized by comprising an energy storage capacitor group, a gas spark switch group, a charging/isolating component and a feed power supply, wherein the feed power supply is a constant-current power supply, and the charging/isolating component comprises a charging/isolating unit formed by connecting a plurality of resistance inductors in series; wherein:
the first end of the constant current power supply is connected with a first charging/isolating branch, the second end of the constant current power supply is connected with a second charging/isolating branch, and the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging/isolating branch respectively comprise a plurality of charging/isolating units which are connected in series;
the energy storage capacitor group comprises a first energy storage capacitor and a plurality of second energy storage capacitors which are arranged between a first charging/isolating branch and a second charging isolating branch in parallel, the first end of the first energy storage capacitor is grounded, the second end of the first energy storage capacitor is connected between two charging/isolating units at the head end of the second charging isolating branch, and two ends of the second energy storage capacitor are connected between two adjacent charging/isolating units on the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch in a staggered manner;
the gas spark switch group comprises a first gas spark switch and a plurality of second gas spark switches which are arranged between a first charging/isolating branch and a second charging isolating branch in parallel, the first end of the first gas spark switch is connected with a voltage output end, the second end of the first gas spark switch is connected with the tail end of the second charging isolating branch, and the two ends of each second gas spark switch are correspondingly connected between two adjacent charging/isolating units on the first charging/isolating branch and the second charging isolating branch.
2. The compound feed circuit of an ultra-high voltage Marx generator according to claim 1, wherein the staggered connections are specifically:
the first ends of the plurality of second energy storage capacitors are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the first charging/isolating branch;
second ends of the second energy storage capacitors are respectively arranged between the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit and the (n + 2) th charging/isolating unit on the second charging/isolating branch.
3. The compound feed circuit of an ultra-high voltage Marx generator according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding connections are specifically:
the first ends of the plurality of second gas spark switches are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the first charging/isolating branch;
second ends of the second gas spark switches are respectively arranged between the nth charging/isolating unit and the (n + 1) th charging/isolating unit on the second charging/isolating branch.
4. The ultra-high voltage Marx generator composite feed circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charging/isolating unit employs a damped inductor.
5. The ultra-high voltage Marx generator composite feed circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the damping inductor comprises a framework, an upper end cover, a lower end cover and a spiral resistance wire; the spiral resistance wire is densely wound on the framework in a single-layer mode to form the hollow inductor with the damping characteristic, and the spiral resistance wire is connected with the upper end cover and the lower end cover in a welding mode respectively.
6. The compound feed circuit of the extra-high voltage Marx generator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spiral resistance wire comprises constantan/nichrome resistance wire, glass fiber wire and silica gel insulation layer; the constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire is spirally wound on a plurality of strands of glass fiber wires, and the silica gel insulating layer covers the constantan/nickel-chromium resistance wire.
7. The ultra-high voltage Marx generator composite feed circuit as claimed in claim 6, wherein the framework is in threaded connection with the upper end cap and the lower end cap.
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| CN202210274824.2A CN114696795A (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Composite feed circuit of ultrahigh-voltage Marx generator |
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