CN107240766B - A kind of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit - Google Patents
A kind of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN107240766B CN107240766B CN201710434220.9A CN201710434220A CN107240766B CN 107240766 B CN107240766 B CN 107240766B CN 201710434220 A CN201710434220 A CN 201710434220A CN 107240766 B CN107240766 B CN 107240766B
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- dipole
- cylinder
- antenna
- fishbone
- wide band
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
It is the herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element by stereochemical structure, coaxial feed and metal reflection cavity composition the invention discloses a kind of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit；Herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element bottom is provided with metal reflection cavity, coaxial feed passes through metal reflection cavity and cylinder resonator is connected with herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element, wherein herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element is radiation area, cylinder resonator is transmission range, coaxial feed is feed area, to realize sending and receiving for energy.The present invention is able to satisfy Modern wireless communication technology to index requests such as the beamwidth of antenna and anti-interference abilities, so that antenna be made to have faster transmission rate and stronger ability of anti-multipath.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Modern wireless communication technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Novel ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna
Unit.
Background technique
With the extensive use of wireless communication, since circularly polarised wave is incident on symmetric targets (such as plane or spherical surface) Shi Xuan
To reverse, circular polarized antenna is enabled to inhibit misty rain interference and anti-multipath reflection.Wherein ultra wide band circular polarized antenna is as wireless
It is used to emit and receive the critical component of electromagnetic wave in electric equipment, it is receive more and more attention.Ultra wide band entelechy at this stage
Changing antenna has following several structure types, though respectively there is feature in performance, it is insufficient to there is certain.
1, micro-strip paster antenna.It is low to requirement on machining accuracy as possessed by antenna itself, the photoetching skill of available standards
Art is produced on applying copper circuit board, the advantages that especially frequency band is wider, be widely used in aerospace flight vehicle,
In the high frequencies array antenna such as direct satellite broadcasting TV.The antenna has small in size, light-weight, the advantages such as low section.But usual single layer
Microstrip antenna, bandwidth only have 1-2%, even if folded using plurality of layers micro-strip sheetpile, can broaden finite bandwidth, can reach a frequency multiplication
Journey, but destroy the low section characteristic of microstrip antenna.
2, helical antenna is a kind of form of circular polarisation, it is the helical structure made of metal wire (or pipe) coiling
Travelling-wave aerial, be usually used in coaxial feeding, coaxial inner conductor and helix one end connect, and outer conductor and metal plate connect
Floor is connected.The antenna has many advantages, such as ultra-wide band, high-gain and good time domain specification, but the antenna helical antenna
Beam angle it is relatively narrow, low elevation angle performance is bad, occupy that volume is larger, and complex manufacturing technology, processing cost is high, and be unfavorable for be
System is integrated, is generally only used for the transmission of narrow beam phasing signal.
3, slot antenna, a kind of antenna to be formed, also referred to as slot antenna of cracking on conductor surface.Typical seam shape
It is strip, length is about half wavelength.Due to its with it is light-weight, can it is conformal with carrier, easily with active device it is integrated etc.
Advantage obtains the extensive concern of people；In addition microstrip antenna is compared, also there is broader bandwidth, low to requirement on machining accuracy.
But the type aerial capacity is not high and frequency band is relatively narrow, should not realize ultra-wide band.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of with ultra wide band, wide axis ratio band in place of overcoming shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology
Wide, circular polarisation ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit, to be able to satisfy Modern wireless communication technology to the beamwidth of antenna and
The index requests such as anti-interference ability, to make antenna that there is faster transmission rate and stronger ability of anti-multipath.
To realize above-mentioned technical indicator, the technical solution of use are as follows:
A kind of the characteristics of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit of the invention, is intersected occasionally by the herring-bone form of stereochemical structure
Extremely sub- radiating element, coaxial feed and metal reflection cavity composition；The metal reflection cavity is the hollow metal cylinder of top uncovered
Body；
The herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element includes: shapes and sizes upper dipole all the same and lower dipole
Son；The upper dipole and the lower dipole are located at different planes, and the distribution that is centrosymmetric；
The upper dipole and the lower dipole respectively include two dipole arms, any one dipole arm is by vertical
Body sector, the curved cylinder of long fishbone, the curved cylinder of short fishbone and vertebra cylinder are constituted；
The curved cylinder of the long fishbone and the short fishbone are successively arranged in parallel in the three-dimensional fan-shaped outside arc length
Curved cylinder, and described stand is connected to by the vertebra cylinder at the curved cylinder of the long fishbone and the curved cylindrical center of short fishbone
At the arc length center of body sector；The end of the vertebra cylinder is open circuit；
It is connected between the fan-shaped top curve of the solid of described two dipole arms by the annulus of 3/4ths perimeters, it is in office
The fan-shaped top of the solid of dipole arm of anticipating, and towards being connected with square by short cylindrical at the center of the annulus；
The center position of the square of the lower dipole is only provided with cylinder resonator；
The coaxial feed includes: inner conductor and outer conductor；The bottom of the inner conductor and outer conductor passes through the metal
At the center of reflection cavity；The top of the inner conductor pass through the lower dipole on cylinder resonator, and with the upper dipole
The square of son is connected, and the outer conductor is connected with the square of the lower dipole；
The ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit is with the herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element for radiation
Area, using the cylinder resonator as transmission range, using the coaxial feed as feed area, to utilize radiation area, transmission range and feedback
Realize sending and receiving for energy in electric area.
The characteristics of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit of the present invention, lies also in, the three-dimensional fan-shaped outside
Arc length is chamfering structure.
The diameter of the curved cylinder of short fishbone is identical with the diameter of the vertebra cylinder, and the thickness with the three-dimensional sector
It is identical.
The radius of the metal reflection cavity is a quarter operation wavelength, and height and the lower dipole are from the ground
Apart from identical.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, the volume of antenna is reduced by reducing the diameter of metal reflection cavity in inventive antenna.The radiation knot of antenna
Structure is herring-bone form crossed dipoles, connects dipole arm by 3/4ths circumferential phase delay lines, realizes any two idol
90 ° of phase differences of extremely sub- arm, the three-dimensional sector in the dipole arm of fish bone structure will generate a resonance frequency point, and fish bone structure
Another resonance frequency point is generated, while three-dimensional fan-shaped outside arc length has an impact to the height of resonance frequency point, by being rationally arranged,
So that the coincidence of two resonance frequency point working frequency range has been achieved the effect that band spread, realizes and draw because reducing metal reflection cavity diameter
The reduced compensation of the working efficiency of the antenna risen, ensure that the axial ratio bandwidth of ideal circular polarized antenna.
2, when antenna element of the invention is placed on above flat ground level, most of radiated wave by antenna excitation can
It is reflected by ground level, since the diffraction effect of wave causes so that sizable radiated wave still can pass through ground level and propagate
Biggish back lobe.By ground level back wave principle, cylinder resonator is arranged in inventive antenna unit, and vertical wall can stop
Part diffracted wave is propagated outward, reduces diffusion effect.
3, inventive antenna unit placed a metal reflection cavity apart from antenna a quarter operating wave strong point.By
In the characteristic of the two-sided antenna of crossed dipoles, it is right-handed circular polarization backward that the forward direction of the antenna element, which is left-hand circular polarization wave,
Wave, reflection cavity are superimposed before returning the wave reflection of retroreflection to forward radiation generation, optimize entelechy in entire bandwidth of operation
Change radiance, while improving antenna element in the impedance matching of entire radiation space.
4, inventive antenna unit is by way of being used only the material of all-metal, rather than it is traditional by dielectric-slab and
The mode of printed antenna improves antenna service life, and easily manufactured and installed, good physical performance, realizes antenna and exists
Stability in wireless communication system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is three dimensional structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is lower dipole top view of the invention；
Fig. 3 is standing-wave ratio figure of the invention；
Fig. 4 is axis of the invention than figure；
Figure label: 1 is three-dimensional fan-shaped；The 2 long curved cylinders of fishbone；The 3 short curved cylinders of fishbone；4 vertebra cylinders；5 annulus；6 is square
Body；7 cylinder resonators；8 coaxial feed inner conductors；9 coaxial feed outer conductors；10 metal reflection cavities；11 short cylindricals.
Specific embodiment
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, designing one to the index requests such as bandwidth, anti-interference according to Modern wireless communication
Kind ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit, the antenna element have the performances such as ultra wide band, wide axial ratio bandwidth, circular polarisation, together
When have the advantages that miniaturization, feed are simple, loss is low, be able to achieve all standing in Band38, Band41 and Beidou frequency range, make
Obtaining antenna has faster transmission rate and stronger ability of anti-multipath.Specifically, which is by stereochemical structure
Herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element, coaxial feed and metal reflection cavity 10 form；Antenna all uses metal material, can be with
Reinforce the physical strength of entire antenna, it is more lasting using the time under severe conditions.All-metal structure is selected on the one hand to guarantee
Under support strength necessary to structure material is saved, reduces cost, on the other hand single rapidoprint reduces antenna
The complexity of processing.
Metal reflection cavity 10 is the hollow metal cylinder body of top uncovered；Due to the spy of the two-sided antenna of crossed dipoles
Property, it is right-handed circular polarization wave backward that the forward direction of this antenna, which is left-hand circular polarization wave, and metal reflection cavity 10 keeps the wave of retroreflection anti-
It is superimposed before being emitted back towards to forward radiation generation, optimizes circular polarization radiation performance in entire bandwidth of operation, while improving antenna
In the impedance matching of entire radiation space.In this example, the radius of metal reflection cavity 10 is about a quarter operation wavelength,
Height with the lower dipole from the ground at a distance from it is identical；The radius of metal reflection cavity 10 cannot be too small, too small to will affect oscillator
The distribution of electric current on arm causes axis than serious mutation；The height of metal reflection cavity 10 can not be excessively high, although excessively high can increase wave
Valve width.
As shown in Figure 1, herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element includes: shapes and sizes upper dipole all the same under
Dipole；Upper dipole and lower dipole are located at different planes, and the distribution that is centrosymmetric；Upper dipole and lower dipole point
Not Bao Kuo two dipole arms, any one dipole arm is by three-dimensional fan-shaped 1, the curved cylinder 2 of long fishbone, the curved cylinder 3 of short fishbone
It is constituted with vertebra cylinder 4；The curved cylinder 2 of long fishbone and the curved circle of short fishbone are successively arranged in parallel in the outside arc length of three-dimensional sector 1
Column 3, and be connected in the arc length of three-dimensional sector 1 at the curved cylinder 2 of long fishbone and curved 3 center of cylinder of short fishbone by vertebra cylinder 4
At the heart；Three-dimensional sector 1 generates a resonance frequency point, and is made of the curved cylinder 2 of long fishbone, the curved cylinder 3 of short fishbone and vertebra cylinder 4
Fish bone structure generate another resonance frequency point, by being rationally arranged, reach the coincidence of two resonance frequency point working frequency range
The effect of band spread；Meanwhile the subtended angle size of three-dimensional sector 1 has an impact to the size of resonance frequency point, with subtended angle radian
Increase, due to the increase of antenna radiation unit area, the path of radiation current is elongated, forms the electric current road of two different lengths
Degeneracy phenomenon occurs for diameter, and the resonance frequency of antenna will reduce, and axis will increase than relative bandwidth, and when subtended angle radian continues to increase
Greatly, the current path of two different lengths is constantly mutually drawn close, and can reduce the bandwidth of antenna.It is opened in the optimal case of this antenna
Angle is 72 °, and axis reaches 43.39% than relative bandwidth, realizes the work because of antenna caused by reducing 10 diameter of metal reflection cavity
The reduced compensation of efficiency, ensure that the axial ratio bandwidth of ideal circular polarized antenna.The end of vertebra cylinder 4 is open circuit；Therefore
End current is zero.
It is connected between fan-shaped 1 top curve of the solid of two dipole arms by the annulus 5 of 3/4ths perimeters, passes through tune
Save the radius size of the annulus 5, when the perimeter of as annulus 5 is equal to or approximately equal to a quarter of aerial radiation wavelength
Radius, annulus 5 have reformed into one 90 ° of phase extended line, so that there are 90 ° of phase differences between two dipole arms,
Then circular polarization radiation is generated.Meanwhile adjusting the width of the annulus 5, thus it is possible to vary the impedance of antenna, when setting suitable width
When annulus 5, the impedance bandwidth of antenna can be broadened.
At the top of the solid sector 1 of any one dipole arm, and connected towards at the center of annulus 5 by short cylindrical 11
It is connected to square 6；The center position of the square 6 of lower dipole is only provided with cylinder resonator 7；Antenna is placed on flat
When above smooth ground level, most of radiated wave by antenna excitation can be reflected by ground level, due to the diffraction effect of wave, so that
Sizable radiated wave still can pass through ground level and propagate, and lead to biggish back lobe.Pass through ground level back wave principle, setting
Cylinder resonator 7, vertical wall can be propagated outward with stop portions diffracted wave, reduce diffusion effect.
The impedance of antenna can be improved using the theory of sawtooth design in a length of chamfering structure of lateral arcs of three-dimensional sector 1
Match.The diameter of the short curved cylinder 3 of fishbone is identical with the diameter of vertebra cylinder 4, and identical as the thickness of three-dimensional sector 1.Three-dimensional sector 1
Thickness, the thickness of as upper dipole and lower dipole, size can the axis ratio to antenna have an impact, according to half-wave dipole
Aerial radiation is theoretical, and the radius of overstriking oscillator can effectively broaden the passband of dipole antenna:
Wherein: RARadiation resistance when resonance, W occur for antennaaFor the average impedance of lossless symmetrical dipole, a is oscillator
Radius, l is oscillator length when resonance occurs for antenna, and c is the light velocity, and dz is the average length of antenna oscillator.WaIt is smaller, antenna
Passband it is wider.Therefore increase the available broadband of thickness of dipole, however when frequency band is wider, under corresponding axis ratio
Drop, circular polarisation degradation, therefore suitable thickness is selected, with a thickness of 2mm in the optimal case of this antenna.
As shown in Fig. 2, coaxial feed includes: inner conductor 8 and outer conductor 9；It is fed by the way of apex drive, in this way may be used
Keep directional diagram more symmetrical, while coaxial feed mode is simple, it is compact-sized, Sidelobe may be implemented, it is easy to process, subtract simultaneously
The phenomenon that characteristic impedance is easy the variation with frequency and changes in the feed structures such as microstrip line or strip line is lacked, has improved
The matching of feed and antenna, reduces the dispersion phenomenon of generation, reduces parasitic radiation.The bottom of inner conductor 8 and outer conductor 9
At the center of metal reflection cavity 10；The top of inner conductor 8 pass through lower dipole on cylinder resonator 7, and with upper dipole
The square 6 of son is connected, and outer conductor 9 is connected with the square 6 of lower dipole；Therefore, coaxial line can use half steel coaxial line,
It can play the role of supporting antenna.
All-metal circular polarized antenna unit is using herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element as radiation area, with cylinder resonator
7 be transmission range, using coaxial feed as feed area, to realize reception and the hair of energy using radiation area, transmission range and feed area
It send.
Such as Fig. 3, shown in Fig. 4, by emulation testing, working band range of the standing-wave ratio of antenna less than 2 be 2.28~
3.53GHz, absolute bandwidth 1.25GHz, relative bandwidth 42.98%, standing-wave ratio are to reflect the ginseng of antenna energy performance
Number, standing wave ratio are lower, then it represents that antenna radiation performance is better；It realizes to Band38, Band41 and Beidou frequency range
(2491MHz) all standing.Axis is 2.29~3.56GHz, absolute bandwidth 1.27GHz than the bandwidth less than 3dB, and relative bandwidth is
43.39%.Compared with conventional circular polarization antenna relative bandwidth does not exceed 3%, realize broadband.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit, it is characterized in that being radiated by the herring-bone form crossed dipoles of stereochemical structure
Unit, coaxial feed and metal reflection cavity (10) composition；The metal reflection cavity (10) is the hollow metal cylinder of top uncovered
Body；
The herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element includes: shapes and sizes upper dipole all the same and lower dipole；Institute
It states dipole and the lower dipole is located at different planes, and the distribution that is centrosymmetric；
The upper dipole and the lower dipole respectively include two dipole arms, any one dipole arm is fanned by solid
Shape (1), the curved cylinder of long fishbone (2), the curved cylinder of short fishbone (3) and vertebra cylinder (4) are constituted；
The curved cylinder of long fishbone (2) and the short fish are successively arranged in parallel in the outside arc length of three-dimensional fan-shaped (1)
It pierces curved cylinder (3), and passes through the vertebra cylinder at the curved cylinder of long fishbone (2) and the curved cylinder of short fishbone (3) center
(4) it is connected at the arc length center of three-dimensional fan-shaped (1)；The end of the vertebra cylinder (4) is open circuit；
It is connected between fan-shaped (1) top curve of the solid of described two dipole arms by the annulus (5) of 3/4ths perimeters, and
The perimeter of annulus (5) is equal to or approximately equal to the radius when a quarter of aerial radiation wavelength；In any one dipole
The top of the solid fan-shaped (1) of arm, and towards being connected with square (6) by short cylindrical (11) at the center of the annulus (5)；
The center position of the square (6) of the lower dipole is only provided with cylinder resonator (7)；
The coaxial feed includes: inner conductor (8) and outer conductor (9)；The bottom of the inner conductor (8) and outer conductor (9) passes through
At the center of the metal reflection cavity (10)；The top of the inner conductor (8) passes through the cylinder resonator on the lower dipole
(7), and with the square (6) of the upper dipole it is connected, square (6) phase of the outer conductor (9) and the lower dipole
Even；
The ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit be using the herring-bone form crossed dipoles radiating element as radiation area, with
The cylinder resonator (7) is transmission range, using the coaxial feed as feed area, to utilize radiation area, transmission range and feed
Realize sending and receiving for energy in area.
2. ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that three-dimensional fan-shaped (1)
The a length of chamfering structure of lateral arcs.
3. ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the short fishbone is curved
The diameter of cylinder (3) is identical with the diameter of the vertebra cylinder (4), and identical as the three-dimensional fan-shaped thickness of (1).
4. ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal reflection cavity
(10) radius is a quarter operation wavelength, height and the lower dipole from the ground at a distance from it is identical.
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| CN201710434220.9A CN107240766B (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | A kind of ultra wide band all-metal circular polarized antenna unit |
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| CN107240766B true CN107240766B (en) | 2019-07-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110050385B (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-01-15 | 东莞理工学院 | Double-arm helical antenna capable of realizing reconfigurable OAM (operation administration and maintenance) mode |
| CN109346830B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-09-18 | 合肥工业大学 | All-metal four-arm equiangular spiral circularly polarized antenna unit |
| CN109449579B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2024-05-14 | 上海煜鹏通讯电子股份有限公司 | Omnidirectional wide-beam panel antenna |
| CN109509972A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 上海鸿洛通信电子有限公司 | Circular polarized antenna and ground based terminal |
| CN111769372B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-10-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna assembly and wireless device |
| CN113078458B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-05-03 | 电子科技大学 | Low-profile low-elevation high-gain circularly polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna for satellite communication |
| CN114944555B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-08 | 南京邮电大学 | Sector dipole circularly polarized antenna |
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| US4459596A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1984-07-10 | General Instrument Corporation | Coaxial antenna configuration with high inter-element isolation |
| CN203192943U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-09-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Novel short backfire antenna |
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