CN109672021B - Back cavity gap coupling patch antenna - Google Patents
Back cavity gap coupling patch antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109672021B CN109672021B CN201910144403.6A CN201910144403A CN109672021B CN 109672021 B CN109672021 B CN 109672021B CN 201910144403 A CN201910144403 A CN 201910144403A CN 109672021 B CN109672021 B CN 109672021B
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a back cavity gap coupling patch antenna, and relates to the technical fields of communication, measurement and control and radar. The device comprises a radiation layer, a feed network layer, a back cavity layer and a radio frequency connector; the upper surface of the radiation layer is coated with two circular coupling patches, a metal copper-clad layer of the feed network layer is provided with a rectangular gap and two crescent gaps, the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip feed line, one end of the microstrip feed line is connected with an inner conductor of the radio frequency connector, and the other end of the microstrip feed line passes through a projection area of the rectangular gap on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate to form a non-consumption open-ended line; two elliptic table-shaped cavities are arranged in the back cavity layer, the upper bottom surface of each elliptic table-shaped cavity is larger than the lower bottom surface, and a groove for shielding radio frequency signals on the microstrip feeder is arranged between the two elliptic table-shaped cavities. The invention has the characteristics of wide standing wave bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth, and can be used for high-performance low-profile circularly polarized antennas of aircraft carriers in communication, measurement and control systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of communication, measurement and control and radar, in particular to a back cavity gap coupling patch antenna.
Background
Currently, circular polarized antennas are widely applied to ocean communication and measurement and control systems, and have the characteristics of resisting interference and inhibiting electromagnetic wave multipath effects. The circularly polarized antenna mainly has the following structural forms, and although the circularly polarized antenna has various characteristics in performance, certain defects exist:
1. the angle-cut circularly polarized microstrip antenna has the advantages of simple structure and low profile, but the antenna axial ratio and the standing wave bandwidth are less than 2%.
2. The circular polarization microstrip antenna form of the external circular polarization bridge has wider axial ratio and standing wave bandwidth, the axial ratio bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is usually smaller than 3dB and is larger than 15%, the standing wave bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is smaller than 2 and is larger than 20%, but the external circular polarization bridge occupies larger space, has long feeder lines and larger difference loss, and is not beneficial to the integrated design of the antenna and the network.
3. The circularly polarized antenna with the waveguide structure has high radiation efficiency and an axial ratio of less than 3dB, and has a bandwidth of more than 20%, but the feed network occupies a larger space, has a heavy structure and is not beneficial to the low-profile design of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to avoid the defects in the background art and provide the back cavity slot coupling patch antenna which adopts a network integrated design and has the characteristics of wide axial ratio bandwidth, compact structure and high radiation efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a back cavity gap coupling patch antenna comprises a radiation layer 1, a feed network layer 2, a back cavity layer 3 and a radio frequency connector 4 which are arranged from top to bottom; the radiation layer 1 is a microwave printed board without a copper coating layer on the lower surface, the upper surface of the microwave printed board is coated with two circular coupling patches 5; the feed network layer 2 comprises a microwave dielectric plate 6 and a metal copper-clad layer 7 arranged on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate, wherein a rectangular gap 8 and two crescent gaps 9 corresponding to the two circular coupling patches 5 are arranged on the metal copper-clad layer 7, the two crescent gaps 9 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the feed network layer 2 in a central mode, the outline of each crescent gap 9 is formed by two circular arcs with the same protruding size, the center of the rectangular gap 8 coincides with the center of the feed network layer 2, one end of each rectangular gap 8 is exactly communicated with one tip of one crescent gap, and the other end of each rectangular gap is exactly communicated with one tip of the other crescent gap; the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6 is provided with a microstrip feeder 10, the extending direction of the microstrip feeder 10 is orthogonal to the extending direction of the rectangular slot 8, one end of the microstrip feeder 10 is connected with the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector 4, and the other end of the microstrip feeder passes through the projection area of the rectangular slot 8 on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6 to form a non-consumption open-ended line; two elliptical table-shaped cavities 11 corresponding to the two circular coupling patches 5 are arranged in the back cavity layer 3, the upper bottom surface of each elliptical table-shaped cavity 11 is larger than the lower bottom surface, and a groove 12 for shielding radio frequency signals on the microstrip feeder 10 is arranged between the two elliptical table-shaped cavities.
Specifically, the diameter of the circle where the large arc of the crescent slit 9 is located isThe diameter of the circle where the small circular arc is located isThe connecting line of the centers of the large arcs of the two crescent-shaped gaps 9 is parallel to the extending direction of the rectangular gaps 8, an included angle formed by sequentially connecting the centers of the feed network layers, the centers of the large arcs and the centers of the small arcs is an acute angle, and the distance between the centers of the large arcs of the two crescent-shaped gaps 9 is ∈ ->，/>Is the corresponding wavelength of the antenna center frequency.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of, the height of the elliptic platform-shaped cavity 11 isThe long axis of the upper bottom surface is->The minor axis is->The long axis of the lower bottom surface is->The minor axis is->The long axis of the bottom surface of the oval table-shaped cavity 11 is parallel to the extending direction of the rectangular gap 8, the central axis of the oval table-shaped cavity 11 passes through the center of the large arc corresponding to the crescent-shaped gap 9 and the center of the circle corresponding to the circular coupling patch 5, and the groove depth of the groove 12 is smaller than or equal to 3mm and larger than or equal to 2mm.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the antenna comprises a radiation layer, a feed network layer, a back cavity layer and a radio frequency connector, wherein a rectangular gap and a crescent gap are formed in a metal copper-clad layer of the feed network layer, and an elliptical table-shaped cavity is arranged in the back cavity layer. The antenna has novel, simple and compact structure and can meet the requirement of broadband circular polarization radiation.
2. The antenna of the invention adopts an antenna and network integrated design, can be used as a subarray of an array antenna, and is suitable for a communication system requiring a circularly polarized antenna.
3. The antenna is in the form of a circularly polarized antenna, and can generate high-quality circularly polarized directional beams in a wide frequency band. By specially setting the antenna structure parameters, the bandwidth of the antenna with the axial ratio smaller than 3dB is larger than 27.5%, and the bandwidth of the resident wave smaller than 2dB is larger than 30%.
In a word, the antenna realizes the technical problems of high efficiency, widening the circular polarization radiation bandwidth and the like, is a novel antenna form, and is suitable for being applied to ocean communication and measurement and control systems requiring circular polarization radiation antennas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layered structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed network layer of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the back cavity layer of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the crescent slit of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a back cavity gap coupling patch antenna comprises a radiation layer 1, a feed network layer 2, a back cavity layer 3 and a radio frequency connector 4 which are arranged from top to bottom; the radiation layer 1 is a microwave printed board with a lower surface without a copper coating layer, and two circular coupling patches 5 are coated on the upper surface of the microwave printed board; the feed network layer 2 comprises a microwave dielectric plate 6 and a metal copper-clad layer 7 arranged on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate, wherein a rectangular gap 8 and two crescent gaps 9 corresponding to the two circular coupling patches 5 are arranged on the metal copper-clad layer 7, the two crescent gaps 9 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the feed network layer 2 in a central mode, the outline of each crescent gap 9 is formed by two circular arcs with the same protruding direction (the structure is as shown in fig. 4, the large circular arc is a part of a large circle 13, the small circular arc is a part of a small circle 14), the center of each rectangular gap 8 coincides with the center of the feed network layer 2, one end of each rectangular gap 8 is exactly communicated with one tip of one crescent gap, and the other end of each rectangular gap 8 is exactly communicated with one tip of the other crescent gap; the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6 is provided with a microstrip feeder 10, the extending direction of the microstrip feeder 10 is orthogonal to the extending direction of the rectangular slot 8, one end of the microstrip feeder 10 is connected with the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector 4, and the other end of the microstrip feeder passes through the projection area of the rectangular slot 8 on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6 to form a non-consumption open-ended line; two elliptical table-shaped cavities 11 corresponding to the two circular coupling patches 5 are arranged in the back cavity layer 3, the upper bottom surface of each elliptical table-shaped cavity 11 is larger than the lower bottom surface, and a groove 12 for shielding radio frequency signals on the microstrip feeder 10 is arranged between the two elliptical table-shaped cavities.
Specifically, the diameter of the circle where the large arc of the crescent slit 9 is located isThe diameter of the circle where the small circular arc is located isThe connecting line of the centers of the large circular arcs of the two crescent-shaped gaps 9 is parallel to the extending direction of the rectangular gaps 8, and an included angle formed by sequentially connecting the centers of the feed network layers, the centers of the large circular arcs and the centers of the small circular arcs is an acute angle theta #As shown in fig. 4), the distance between the centers of the large arcs of the two crescent-shaped slits 9 is +.>，/>Is the corresponding wavelength of the antenna center frequency.
Specifically, the height of the oval-shaped table-shaped cavity 11 isThe long axis of the upper bottom surface is->The minor axis is->The long axis of the lower bottom surface is->The minor axis is->The long axis of the bottom surface of the oval table-shaped cavity 11 is parallel to the extending direction of the rectangular gap 8, the central axis of the oval table-shaped cavity 11 passes through the center of the major arc corresponding to the crescent-shaped gap 9 and the center of the circle corresponding to the circular coupling patch 5, and the groove depth of the groove 12 is less than or equal to 3mm and greater than or equal to 2mm, for example, the groove depth of the groove 12 can be 2mm, 2.5mm or 3mm.
In the above embodiment, the radiation layer 1 is a single-layer microwave dielectric plate structure, and the single-layer microwave dielectric plate structure is supported by a supporting dielectric pillar between the feed network layer 2 and the radiation layer 1 (the supporting structure is common knowledge in the art and is not shown in fig. 1), the space between the radiation layer 1 and the feed network layer 2 is filled with air medium, and the circular coupling patch 5 couples the energy of the gap through the air medium, so as to broaden the impedance bandwidth of the antenna and radiate electromagnetic signals into free space. The crescent slit 9 has the function of exciting circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in a slit structure, and the central symmetry arrangement mode can lead the phase difference of orthogonal components of a rotating field in the cavity to be constant in a quite wide frequency band, thereby realizing a wider axial ratio bandwidth and achieving better circularly polarized radiation characteristics. The lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6 is provided with a microstrip feeder 10, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip feeder is 50Ω, the extending direction of the feeder 10 is orthogonal to the extending direction of the rectangular slot 8, the microstrip feeder and the microstrip feeder are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6, the microstrip feeder has the functions of exciting electromagnetic signals on the rectangular slot 8 and transmitting electromagnetic energy and other power to the two crescent slots 9, one end of the feeder is in electric contact with an inner conductor of the radio frequency connector in a welding mode, the other end of the feeder always extends through a projection area of the rectangular slot 8 on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 6 to form a terminal opening line, and the resonant position of a frequency point of the electromagnetic signals can be adjusted by optimizing the electric length of the microstrip feeder, so that the antenna achieves the optimal impedance matching design. The lower part of the feed network layer 2 is provided with a back cavity layer 3, the back cavity layer can adopt an aluminum cuboid structure, two elliptical table-shaped cavity structures are arranged on the back cavity layer, a groove 12 is arranged between the two elliptical table-shaped cavities, and the groove 12 is positioned under the microstrip feed line 10 and plays a role of electromagnetic shielding. The back cavity layer 3 has the functions of realizing high-performance directional radiation of the antenna, widening the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, inhibiting the backward radiation of the antenna, ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna and realizing embedded installation on a special carrier. The lower surface of the back cavity layer is fixed with a radio frequency connector 4, an inner conductor of the radio frequency connector is connected with a feeder line 10, and an outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is grounded with the back cavity layer.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the antenna emits a signal, the transmitter emits a signal, inputs the radio frequency connector 4, excites an electromagnetic signal on the rectangular slot 8 via the microstrip feed line 10, and delivers electromagnetic energy isopower to the two "crescent" slots 9, excites a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave in the slot structure by the "crescent" slots 9, which electromagnetic wave is coupled to the coupling patch 5 by air and radiated by it into free space.
When the antenna receives signals, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves resonate at the coupling patch 5, are coupled to the two crescent slots 9 through air, energy power synthesis is achieved through the rectangular slots 8, and finally energy is converged on the microstrip feeder 10 and is transmitted to the receiver through the radio frequency connector 4.
In a word, the invention is a circular polarized antenna structure, which is specially designed according to the requirements of the communication and measurement and control fields on polarization purity and installation space, has the characteristics of wide standing wave bandwidth, wide axial ratio bandwidth, low profile, small size and easy conformal, and can be used for high-performance low-profile circular polarized antennas of aircraft carriers in communication and measurement and control systems.
Claims (3)
1. A back cavity gap coupling patch antenna comprises a radiation layer (1), a feed network layer (2), a back cavity layer (3) and a radio frequency connector (4) which are arranged from top to bottom; the microwave printed board is characterized in that the radiation layer (1) is a microwave printed board with the lower surface without a copper coating layer, two circular coupling patches (5) are coated on the upper surface of the microwave printed board, the microwave printed board is supported by a supporting medium column between the feed network layer (2) and the radiation layer (1), and an air medium is filled between the radiation layer (1) and the feed network layer (2); the feed network layer (2) comprises a microwave dielectric plate (6) and a metal copper-clad layer (7) arranged on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate, wherein a rectangular gap (8) and two crescent gaps (9) corresponding to the two circular coupling patches (5) are arranged on the metal copper-clad layer (7), the two crescent gaps (9) are centrally symmetrical relative to the center of the feed network layer (2), the outline of each crescent gap (9) is formed by two circular arcs with the same convex size, the center of each rectangular gap (8) coincides with the center of the feed network layer (2), one end of each rectangular gap (8) is exactly communicated with one tip of one crescent gap, and the other end of each rectangular gap is exactly communicated with one tip of the other crescent gap; the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate (6) is provided with a microstrip feeder (10), the extending direction of the microstrip feeder (10) is orthogonal to the extending direction of the rectangular gap (8), one end of the microstrip feeder (10) is connected with the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector (4), and the other end of the microstrip feeder passes through the projection area of the rectangular gap (8) on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate (6) to form a non-consumption open-circuit line with an open terminal; two elliptical table-shaped cavities (11) corresponding to the two circular coupling patches (5) are arranged in the back cavity layer (3), the upper bottom surface of each elliptical table-shaped cavity (11) is larger than the lower bottom surface, and a groove (12) for shielding radio frequency signals on the microstrip feeder line (10) is arranged between the two elliptical table-shaped cavities.
2. The back cavity slot coupled patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the major arc of the crescent slot (9) is of a circle diameter of 0.43λ 0 The diameter of the circle where the small circular arc is positioned is 0.22lambda 0 The connecting line of the large arc centers of the two crescent-shaped gaps (9) is parallel to the extending direction of the rectangular gap (8), an included angle formed by sequentially connecting the center of the feed network layer, the large arc centers and the small arc centers is an acute angle, and the distance between the large arc centers of the two crescent-shaped gaps (9) is 0.866lambda 0 ，λ 0 Is the corresponding wavelength of the antenna center frequency.
3. A back cavity slot coupled patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that said elliptical mesa-shaped cavity (11) has a height of 0.3λ 0 The long axis of the upper bottom surface is 0.42 lambda 0 Short axis of 0.35 lambda 0 The long axis of the lower bottom surface is 0.2lambda 0 Short axis of 0.12λ 0 The long axis of the bottom surface of the oval platform-shaped cavity (11) is parallel to the extending direction of the rectangular gap (8), the central axis of the oval platform-shaped cavity (11) passes through the center of a large arc corresponding to the crescent gap (9) and the center of a circle corresponding to the circular coupling patch (5), and the groove depth of the groove (12) is smaller than or equal to 3mm and larger than or equal to 2mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910144403.6A CN109672021B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Back cavity gap coupling patch antenna |
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| CN201910144403.6A CN109672021B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Back cavity gap coupling patch antenna |
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| CN109672021A CN109672021A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| CN109672021B true CN109672021B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110718748B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-01-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Metamaterial unit for encoding metamaterial antenna and equivalent circuit of feed structure of metamaterial unit |
| EP4139990A1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2023-03-01 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna device, array of antenna devices, and base station |
| CN113437522B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2024-08-16 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with reflecting surface structure |
| CN115020974B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-10-31 | 南京邮电大学 | Low-profile three-mode broadband elliptical patch antenna |
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| US6166692A (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-12-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Planar single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth |
| CN205488569U (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-08-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Spiral slit circular polarization horn antenna |
| CN105914475A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 南京肯微弗通信技术有限公司 | Ka-band single circularly-polarized antenna |
| CN209217204U (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-08-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of back chamber slot-coupled paster antenna |
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2019
- 2019-02-27 CN CN201910144403.6A patent/CN109672021B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6166692A (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-12-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Planar single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth |
| CN205488569U (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-08-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Spiral slit circular polarization horn antenna |
| CN105914475A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 南京肯微弗通信技术有限公司 | Ka-band single circularly-polarized antenna |
| CN209217204U (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-08-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of back chamber slot-coupled paster antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 新型紧凑的宽频带圆极化问号形天线;李晓丹;山西大学学报(自然科学版);20190213;全文 * |
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