CN110676568A - Double-circular-polarization microstrip antenna unit - Google Patents
Double-circular-polarization microstrip antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110676568A CN110676568A CN201911063783.7A CN201911063783A CN110676568A CN 110676568 A CN110676568 A CN 110676568A CN 201911063783 A CN201911063783 A CN 201911063783A CN 110676568 A CN110676568 A CN 110676568A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-circular-polarization microstrip antenna unit, and belongs to the technical field of circular-polarization array antennas. The microwave dielectric plate comprises a circular patch, a foam interlayer, a microwave dielectric plate and a back cavity, wherein four arc-shaped gaps are formed in a front copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate, two dual-polarized microstrip feeders are arranged in a back copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate, the dual-polarized microstrip feeders are folding lines with three subsections, the first subsection uses the middle point of one side of the microwave dielectric plate as a starting point and extends to the inside of a circle where the arc-shaped gaps are located along the central axis of the side, the extending direction of the second subsection is parallel to the diagonal line, the end point of the second subsection is located on the extending line of the first subsection of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder, and the third subsection extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped gaps are located along the extending line. The antenna unit of the invention has simple and compact structure, is dual circularly polarized radiation, can be used as a small-sized radiation unit of a digital multi-beam antenna, and realizes the control and scanning of beams.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, microwave communication and circularly polarized array antennas, in particular to a double circularly polarized microstrip antenna unit.
Background
At present, a digital multi-beam scanning antenna is widely applied to a microwave communication system, the antenna of the system realizes the functions of beam forming, beam scanning, anti-interference and the like of an antenna array in a digital domain, and for the antenna array, the key technology is concentrated on a radiation unit forming the antenna array. Generally, in order to satisfy high-performance operation of an antenna array, antenna elements are often required to satisfy characteristics of an electrically small size, high isolation, multi-polarization, wide beam, and the like.
The existing antenna units generally have the following forms:
1. horn mouth antenna: the horn antenna is usually in a pyramid horn antenna form, and has the characteristics of high gain and simple structure, but needs to feed by means of waveguide, has larger overall dimension, is difficult to realize electrically small dimension, and has higher design cost.
2. Microstrip patch antenna: the antenna has the advantages of low profile, capability of integrating active devices, capability of realizing integrated design of a radiation unit and a network, larger dielectric loss of the antenna, parasitic effect, port isolation and poor multi-polarization performance.
3. Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA): the antenna can realize the electrically small-size design, has a simple structure, has poor directional diagram quality and uneven radiation, and is not suitable for scanning array antenna units.
4. Surface Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antenna: the antenna structure can realize small electric design and high integration level, has obvious advantages especially when working at a higher frequency band, but is difficult to realize multi-polarization design due to the limitation of an electromagnetic structure, has large coupling due to surface wave effect, and is not suitable for being used as a phased array antenna unit.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna unit, which has the characteristics of dual circularly polarized radiation, high isolation, compact structure, and the like.
Based on the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a dual-circular-polarization microstrip antenna unit comprises a circular patch, a square foam interlayer, a square microwave dielectric plate and a square back cavity which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and have collinear geometric centers, wherein the microwave dielectric plate is provided with a double-sided copper-clad structure, the front side copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate is provided with four common arc-shaped slots which have the same size and are uniformly distributed and take the geometric center of the microwave dielectric plate as the center of a circle, the back side copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate is provided with two dual-polarization microstrip feeder lines which are in mirror symmetry relative to a diagonal line of the microwave dielectric plate, the four arc-shaped slots are simultaneously divided into two groups in mirror symmetry by the diagonal line, the dual-polarization microstrip feeder lines are broken lines with three subsections, wherein the first subsection takes the middle point of one side of the microwave dielectric plate as the starting point and extends to the inside, the extension direction of the second segment is parallel to the diagonal line, the end point of the second segment is positioned on the extension line of the first segment of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder line, and the third segment extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped slot is positioned along the extension line of the first segment of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder line.
Further, the circular patch is a copper foil and is adhered to the upper surface of the foam interlayer through conductive adhesive.
Furthermore, the front copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate is also provided with an isolation gap extending along the diagonal line, and the isolation gap is positioned in the middle of the diagonal line and separates two groups of arc-shaped gaps.
Furthermore, a second section of the dual-polarized microstrip feed line is also connected with a phase adjustment branch, and the phase adjustment branch extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped slot is located along the other diagonal of the microwave dielectric slab by taking the midpoint of the second section as a starting point.
Further, the diameter of the circular patch is 0.35 lambda0The thickness of the foam interlayer is 0.08 lambda0The length of the arc-shaped gap is 0.27 lambda0A width of 0.012 lambda0The depth of the inner cavity of the back cavity is 0.13 lambda0The length of the bottom edge of the inner cavity is 0.47 lambda0(ii) a Said lambda0The corresponding wavelength of the antenna center frequency.
Further, the length of the isolation gap is 0.485 lambda0Width of 0.012 lambda0。
As can be seen from the above description, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the antenna unit of the invention has simple and compact structure, is dual circularly polarized radiation, can be used as a small-sized radiation unit of a digital multi-beam antenna, and realizes the control and scanning of beams.
2. The invention has good performance, the bandwidth of the antenna impedance can be more than 20%, the gain in the bandwidth can be more than 5.5dB, the port isolation can be more than 22dB, the axial ratio bandwidth which is less than 3dB can be more than 15%, and the bandwidth of the port isolation which is more than 22dB can be more than 25%.
Drawings
To more clearly describe this patent, one or more drawings are provided below to assist in explaining the background, technical principles and/or certain embodiments of this patent.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the circular patch of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the microwave dielectric plate of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the back cavity of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the present patent by those skilled in the art, and to make the technical objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present patent more apparent and fully support the scope of the claims, the technical solutions of the present patent are described in detail in the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a dual circular polarization microstrip antenna unit comprises a circular patch 1, a square foam interlayer 2, a square microwave dielectric plate 3 and a square back cavity 4 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and have collinear geometric centers, wherein the microwave dielectric plate has a double-sided copper-clad structure, four co-circular arc-shaped slots 7 which have the same size and are uniformly distributed and take the geometric center of the microwave dielectric plate as the center are arranged in the front-sided copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate 3, two dual polarization microstrip feeder lines 5 which are in mirror symmetry relative to a diagonal line of the microwave dielectric plate are arranged in the back-sided copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate 3, the four arc-shaped slots 7 are simultaneously divided into two groups in mirror symmetry by the diagonal line, the dual polarization microstrip feeder lines 5 are folding lines with three sections, wherein the first section takes the midpoint a of one side of the microwave dielectric plate as the starting point and extends to the point B inside the circle of the arc-shaped slot, the extension direction of the second segment is parallel to the diagonal line, the terminal point C of the second segment is positioned on the extension line of the first segment of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder line, and the third segment extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped slot is positioned along the extension line of the first segment of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder line.
In addition, the front copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate can also be provided with an isolation gap 8 extending along the diagonal line, and the isolation gap is positioned in the middle of the diagonal line and separates two groups of arc-shaped gaps. The second section of the dual-polarized microstrip feeder line can be further connected with a phase adjusting branch 6, and the phase adjusting branch 6 extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped slot is located along the other diagonal of the microwave dielectric slab by taking the midpoint of the second section as a starting point.
The antenna unit mainly comprises a circular patch 1, a foam interlayer 2, a microwave dielectric plate 3 and a square back cavity 4, wherein the circular patch 1 is positioned on the uppermost layer of the antenna, the lower surface of the circular patch 1 is fixed on the upper surface of foam, the foam interlayer 2 and the circular patch 1 are fixed on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate 3 as a whole, and a feed structure is arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate; wherein the upper surface is a slot layer, and the lower surface is a microstrip feed network; the gap layer is provided with four arc-shaped gaps 7 which are symmetrical about the geometric center O of the microwave dielectric plate 3; the isolation slot 8 plays a role in improving isolation of the dual-polarized port, is arranged in an inner area surrounded by the four arc-shaped slots 7, and the microstrip feeder line network is a pair of dual-polarized microstrip feeder lines 5 to realize dual-circular polarized wave electromagnetic excitation; the back cavity 4 is arranged at the lowest layer of the antenna and plays the roles of reflecting electromagnetic waves and supporting.
Specifically, the circular patch 1 made of copper foil is positioned at the uppermost layer of the antenna and used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals, the optimal design of a radiation pattern is realized according to certain space power beam coverage requirements, and the diameter of the circular patch 1 is 0.35 lambda0（λ0Which is the corresponding wavelength of the central frequency of the antenna), is adhered to the foam interlayer 2 by means of conductive adhesive, and the geometric center of the circular patch 1 is collinear with the geometric centers of the foam interlayer 2, the microwave dielectric plate 3 and the square back cavity 4.
The foam interlayer 2 has dielectric constant close to that of air, light weight, equivalent to air medium, and thickness of 0.08 lambda0。
The copper-clad layer on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate 3 is provided with four arc-shaped gaps 7 which are symmetrical about the geometric center O of the microwave dielectric plate 3, and the length of each arc-shaped gap 7 is 0.27 lambda0The width of the gap is about 0.012 lambda0The arc-shaped gap 7 is formed by cutting a part of a regular circular ring, and the circle center of the regular circular ring is superposed with the geometric center O of the microwave dielectric plate 3.
The geometric center of the isolation gap 8 is coincident with the geometric center O of the microwave dielectric plate 3, the extending direction is parallel to the second section, and the length of the gap is 0.485 lambda0The width of the gap is 0.012 lambda0。
A pair of dual-polarized microstrip feed lines 5 are arranged on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 3 to realize dual-circularly polarized wave electromagnetic excitation, the dual-polarized microstrip feed lines are in mirror symmetry with respect to the isolation slot 8, the starting point of the dual-polarized microstrip feed line 5 is the central position of one edge of the microwave dielectric plate 3, and the dual-polarized microstrip feed line is formed by three subsections L1、L2、L3The composition is as follows:
L1a section feeder path: the path of the microwave dielectric plate 3 points to the geometric center O of the microwave dielectric plate 3 from the starting point A, passes through the projection area of the arc-shaped gap 7 on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric plate 3, and the end point is a point B;
L2a section feeder path: taking the point B as a starting point, wherein the routing direction of the point B is 45 degrees to the direction of the segment L1, and the end point C of the point B is perpendicular to a connecting line of the geometric centers of the adjacent arc-shaped gaps 7 and one edge of the microwave dielectric plate 3;
l3 section feeder path: starting from point C, the path passes through the projected area of an arc-shaped slot 7 on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric slab 3 along the direction of the vector OC.
The back cavity 4 is arranged at the bottom layer of the antenna and plays roles of reflecting electromagnetic waves and supporting, and the length of the bottom side of the inner cavity is 0.47 lambda0Cavity depth 0.13 lambda0。
The working principle of the antenna is as follows:
when a signal is transmitted, the transmitter transmits the signal through a coaxial connector, the feeder line respectively excites a pair of adjacent arc-shaped slots 7, two polarized waves with equal orthogonality and amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are formed on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate 3 through excitation, the energy synthesis is carried out by the dual-polarized microstrip feeder line 5, the directional radiation is realized under the reflection action of the back cavity 4, the two polarized waves are coupled to the circular patch 1 through the foam medium to generate resonance, and the resonance is radiated to a self-using space. Similarly, reception by the antenna is a reciprocal process of the transmitted signal.
The inventor of the present invention finds, through research, that according to the above antenna structure size configuration, the bandwidth of the antenna axial ratio less than 3dB is 15%, and the antenna polarization port isolation is greater than 25 dB.
In a word, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, excellent performance, double circular polarization radiation, high isolation, compact structure and the like, and can be used as a small-size radiation unit of a digital multi-beam antenna to realize the control and scanning of beams.
It should be understood that the above description of the embodiments of the present patent is only an exemplary description for facilitating the understanding of the patent scheme by the person skilled in the art, and does not imply that the scope of protection of the patent is only limited to these examples, and that the person skilled in the art can obtain more embodiments by combining technical features, replacing some technical features, adding more technical features, and the like to the various embodiments listed in the patent without any inventive effort on the premise of fully understanding the patent scheme, and therefore, the new embodiments are also within the scope of protection of the patent.
Furthermore, for the purpose of simplifying this description, this patent may not list some common embodiments, which will occur to those skilled in the art after understanding the present patent, and obviously, these embodiments should be included in the scope of the patent protection.
For the purpose of simplifying the description, the foregoing embodiments may be disclosed with technical details only to the extent that a person skilled in the art can make a decision at his or her discretion, that is, technical details not disclosed for the foregoing embodiments, and the person skilled in the art can be completely completed with the help of published documents such as textbooks, tool books, papers, patents, audio-visual products, etc., without any inventive work, at the full suggestion of the technical solution of this patent, or the details can be decided by himself or herself according to the actual situation, as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art. It is obvious that the technical details are not disclosed, and the full disclosure of the patent technical scheme is not influenced.
In general, any embodiment falling within the scope of the claims of this patent is intended to be within the scope of this patent, in combination with the interpretation of the patent specification and the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A dual-circular-polarization microstrip antenna unit is characterized by comprising a circular patch, a square foam interlayer, a square microwave dielectric plate and a square back cavity which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and have collinear geometric centers, wherein the microwave dielectric plate is provided with a double-sided copper-clad structure, the front side copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate is provided with four common arc-shaped slots which have the same size and are uniformly distributed and take the geometric center of the microwave dielectric plate as the center of a circle, the back side copper-clad structure of the microwave dielectric plate is provided with two dual-polarization microstrip feed lines which are in mirror symmetry relative to a diagonal line of the microwave dielectric plate, the four arc-shaped slots are simultaneously divided into two groups in mirror symmetry by the diagonal line, each dual-polarization microstrip feed line is a folding line with three sections, the middle point of one side of the microwave dielectric plate is taken as a starting point of the first section and extends to the, the extension direction of the second segment is parallel to the diagonal line, the end point of the second segment is positioned on the extension line of the first segment of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder line, and the third segment extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped slot is positioned along the extension line of the first segment of the other dual-polarized microstrip feeder line.
2. The dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna unit of claim 1 wherein the circular patch is a copper foil and is adhered to the upper surface of the foam spacer by a conductive adhesive.
3. The dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna element of claim 1 wherein the front copper clad structure of the microwave dielectric slab further comprises an isolation slot extending along the diagonal, the isolation slot being centered on the diagonal and separating the two sets of slots.
4. The dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the second segment of the dual polarized microstrip feed line is further connected with a phase adjustment branch, and the phase adjustment branch extends to the outside of the circle where the arc-shaped slot is located along another diagonal of the microwave dielectric plate with a midpoint of the second segment as a starting point.
5. The dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna element of claim 1 wherein the circular shape is defined byThe patch has a diameter of 0.35 lambda0The thickness of the foam interlayer is 0.08 lambda0The length of the arc-shaped gap is 0.27 lambda0A width of 0.012 lambda0The depth of the inner cavity of the back cavity is 0.13 lambda0The length of the bottom edge of the inner cavity is 0.47 lambda0(ii) a Said lambda0The corresponding wavelength of the antenna center frequency.
6. The dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna element of claim 3 wherein the isolation slot has a length of 0.485 λ0Width of 0.012 lambda0。
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| CN201911063783.7A CN110676568A (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2019-11-04 | Double-circular-polarization microstrip antenna unit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112134013A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2020-12-25 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna based on medium integration cavity |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112134013A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2020-12-25 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband dual-polarization phased array antenna based on medium integration cavity |
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