CN107238771B - Device and method for measuring residual electric energy of direct-current high-voltage bus of electric automobile - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring residual electric energy of direct-current high-voltage bus of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN107238771B CN107238771B CN201710453635.0A CN201710453635A CN107238771B CN 107238771 B CN107238771 B CN 107238771B CN 201710453635 A CN201710453635 A CN 201710453635A CN 107238771 B CN107238771 B CN 107238771B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring residual electric energy of a direct-current high-voltage bus of an electric automobile, wherein the device comprises an electronic load module, an electric isolation module, a main control module and a display module; the electronic load module is connected with the main control module and is used for adjusting the load resistance according to the input voltage and feeding back the resistance value to the main control module; the electric isolation module is connected with the main control module and used for converting input high voltage electricity into low voltage signals, and is also connected with the high voltage bus; the main control module is connected with the display module and used for outputting and displaying results; the main control module is also connected with a control panel. The invention provides safety test equipment for an electric automobile with automatic power-off after test, which is used for accurately measuring residual electric energy at a load end of a direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile; the discharge resistor used in the invention adopts a dynamic variable resistor controlled by safety isolation, so that the measurement result of the residual electric energy is more in line with the actual situation, and the measurement result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passive safety test of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring residual electric energy of a direct-current high-voltage bus of an electric automobile.
Background
After the electric automobile completes the collision test, an electric safety test is required to be carried out on the high-voltage bus of the electric automobile. The measurement of the residual electric energy of the load end of the whole vehicle is an important assessment index. To measure this value, it can be achieved by the following method:
under the condition that the nominal voltage of the whole vehicle and the equivalent capacitance of the load end are known, the residual electric energy of the whole vehicle is calculated by using a formula (1).
Wherein: u (U) 1 For the nominal voltage of the whole vehicle, U 2 And C is the equivalent capacitance of the load end of the whole vehicle.
U in the formula 1 And U 2 For a known quantity, the load side equivalent capacitance C needs to be determined. Because the capacitor is an equivalent capacitance value in the whole vehicle circuit, the capacitor is difficult to determine in the actual operation process. Therefore, this calculation method is difficult to realize in practice.
At present, no relevant literature is available in China on the device for testing the residual electric energy of the direct-current high-voltage bus after the collision of the electric automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a device for measuring residual electric energy of a direct-current high-voltage bus of an electric automobile so as to realize accurate calculation of residual electric energy of a load end of the direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the device for measuring the residual electric energy of the direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a control panel, and the device also comprises a circuit board arranged in the shell, and an electronic load module, an electrical isolation module, a main control module and a display module are integrated on the circuit board;
the electronic load module is connected with the main control module and is used for adjusting the load resistance according to the input voltage and feeding back the resistance value to the main control module;
the electric isolation module is connected with the main control module and used for converting input high-voltage electricity into low-voltage signals, and the electric isolation module is also connected with the high-voltage bus;
the main control module is connected with the display module and used for outputting and displaying results;
the main control module is also connected with a control panel.
Further, the shell is also provided with
A first cable: connecting the positive end of a REESS high-voltage bus of the electric automobile;
and a second cable: the negative end of a REESS high-voltage bus of the electric automobile is connected;
and a third cable: connecting an electric chassis of the electric automobile;
data acquisition interface: the data acquisition device is connected with the data acquisition device and is used for recording three values VB, V1 and V2 after collision;
5 volt charging interface: the device is used for charging equipment and is used for an internal circuit and a display screen;
power-off indicator lamp: the method is used for judging whether the high-voltage electric system is powered off after the test;
triggering an interface: the residual power test triggers a switch, i.e., a crash 0 time signal.
Further, the master control module adopts a singlechip master control module, the singlechip master control module adopts a 16-bit singlechip, and comprises an AD analog-to-digital conversion module, an input and output control module, a data communication module and an operation processing module.
Furthermore, the electronic load module adopts a MOSFET device which is used for controlling the short circuit test current and automatically adjusting the short circuit resistance according to the short circuit voltage.
Furthermore, the isolation module adopts an optical isolation amplifier device or an electromagnetic isolation amplifier device to realize physical isolation between the electronic load and a singlechip for controlling the electronic load.
Compared with the prior art, the device for measuring the residual electric energy of the direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile has the following advantages:
(1) The invention provides safety test equipment for an electric automobile with automatic power-off after test, which is used for accurately measuring residual electric energy at a load end of a direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile;
(2) The discharge resistor used in the invention adopts a dynamic variable resistor controlled by safety isolation, so that the measurement result of the residual electric energy is more in line with the actual situation, and the measurement result is more accurate.
The invention further provides a method for measuring the residual electric energy by using the direct-current high-voltage bus residual electric energy device of the electric automobile, and the residual electric energy is obtained by measuring the voltages at two ends of a discharge resistor in an electronic load module in the residual electric energy measuring device and calculating.
Further, the calculation formula is as follows
Wherein: u is the voltage of two ends of the discharge resistor, t1 is the connection time of the discharge resistor, t2 is the discharge end time, and R is the discharge resistor.
Further, the discharge resistor is a dynamic variable resistor.
The method for measuring the residual electric energy by using the direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile has the same beneficial effects as the method for measuring the residual electric energy by using the direct-current high-voltage bus of the electric automobile, and is not repeated herein.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a device circuit connection diagram of an electric vehicle direct current high voltage bus residual electric energy measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a control panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit structure diagram of a singlechip master control module according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a core of an electronic load module according to an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic isolation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit block diagram of an optoelectronic isolation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram of a display module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The invention aims to solve the problem that after the electric automobile with the automatic power-off function is subjected to a collision test, the residual electric energy at the load end of the electric automobile can be automatically measured, and whether the tested automobile meets the regulation requirement or not is automatically judged according to the electric energy requirement given in GB/T31498-2015.
The invention provides a device for measuring residual electric energy of a direct-current high-voltage bus of an electric automobile, which mainly utilizes a dynamic electronic load discharge integrating circuit. In addition, the device can display the measured residual electric energy in real time through a liquid crystal display screen. In addition, the control of the starting time point and the ending time point of the integral discharge measurement can be realized according to the requirements of the use.
The device mainly comprises a 5 parts, and comprises a control panel, an interface part, a main control module, an electronic load module, an electrical isolation module and a display module, wherein the panel and the interface provide a safety interface for connecting a high-voltage bus, a reliable interface for connecting a data acquisition system, a control switch, an indicator light, a display screen and other interfaces for man-machine interaction. The user wires, manipulates and views the results on the panel. The electronic load module is responsible for short-circuit operation and current integration calculation operation in the electric energy test. The electric isolation module is used for isolating high-voltage systems and equipment of the test vehicle and guaranteeing safety of operators, instruments and data acquisition systems. The display module is used for man-machine interaction and display of test results. The main control module is the core of the whole equipment and is responsible for the realization of insulation resistance measurement and a current integration algorithm, and in addition, corresponding control strategies are realized by receiving signals of all control switches. The device connection diagram is shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the control panel of the measuring device has the following functions:
a first cable: the positive end of the REESS high-voltage bus of the electric automobile is connected.
And a second cable: the negative end of the REESS high-voltage bus of the electric automobile is connected.
And a third cable: the electric chassis (frame) of the electric automobile is connected.
And (3) a data acquisition interface: is connected with a data acquisition device and is used for recording three values VB, V1 and V2 after collision.
5 volt charging interface: the device is used for charging the device and is used for an internal circuit and a display screen.
Power-off indicator lamp: and the method is used for judging whether the high-voltage electric system is powered off after the test.
Triggering an interface: the residual power test triggers a switch, i.e., a crash 0 time signal.
The operation and display panel is designed to be safe and convenient for design purposes. VB, V1 and V2 values of the high-voltage bus of the electric automobile can be displayed on the panel in real time, so that the electric automobile is convenient for operators to observe and record. The interface design aspect of the cable also aims at safety and convenience. For the interface part of the high-voltage cable, an aviation connector is adopted, and the design of preventing error electric shock and interface reverse connection is provided.
Fig. 3 is a main control module: the singlechip master control module adopts a 16-bit singlechip and comprises an AD analog-to-digital conversion module, an input and output control module, a data communication module and an operation processing module. The module utilizes a singlechip MCU to realize real-time detection of high-voltage bus voltage and short-circuit current, and adjusts the on-resistance of the MOSFET device in real time through an algorithm. In addition, AD conversion of the sampling current and the sampling voltage, and integration operation of the residual electric energy are realized.
The electronic load is realized by a high voltage MOSFET with VDS up to 1000V. The voltage between the gate and the source VGS is dynamically controlled in an isolation voltage control mode through the singlechip, so that the on-resistance is adjusted. The electronic load module employs MOSFET devices that are used to control the magnitude of the short circuit test current. And according to the magnitude of the short-circuit voltage, automatically adjusting the magnitude of the short-circuit resistor. And the condition of overlarge or undersize short-circuit current is prevented, so that the accuracy of a test result is improved. The MOSFET device adopts an IRF high-voltage MOS tube IRFPG42, and the maximum working voltage of the device is 1000V. Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a core portion of the electronic load module. VREF is connected with the DA digital-analog unit of the main control module.
The isolation module is very important in the equipment, so that the safety of testers can be ensured, and other modules and equipment can be protected from being damaged by high voltage. The device is provided with an electromagnetic isolation device AD201 and an optoelectronic isolation device AVAGO ACPL-C870, wherein the direct current high voltage is transmitted to other modules of the device through the isolation device after being divided by a resistor divider circuit, and a differential output voltage proportional to the input voltage is generated at the other end of the optical isolation barrier, and the voltage value provides a signal for a data acquisition system. The electromagnetic isolation mode is characterized in that the adjustable input voltage range is wide, and the electromagnetic isolation mode is used for isolating the control end of an electronic load. The photoelectric isolation mode is characterized by small size of the device, strong anti-interference performance and being used for an isolation end of high-voltage partial pressure. Fig. 5 and 6 are block diagrams of an electromagnetic isolation device and an opto-electronic isolation device AVAGO ACPL-C870, respectively.
Fig. 7 shows a display module: the module can realize real-time display of the high-voltage bus voltages Vb, V1 and V2. In addition, the test result of the residual electric energy may also be displayed. The display module consists of 3 blocks of 3-bit half-signed LED red display screens and a 128x64 lattice OLED display screen. The red display screen of the LED is used for displaying VB, V1 and V2 in real time. The OLED display screen is used for displaying the calculation result. The 3-bit half LED display is driven by IO using ICL 7107. The OLED screen of 128x64 dot matrix adopts SPI mode drive.
In the measuring process, the high-voltage bus and the grounding wire of the electric automobile are connected into the equipment through the aviation plug on the panel, and meanwhile, corresponding interfaces are designed on the panel, so that the measurement of the megameter is facilitated. When the electric automobile collides, the trigger switch is connected with the equipment to provide a collision zero time for the calculation of the test equipment. The positive and negative poles of the high-voltage battery pack and the electric chassis are connected to the equipment, and then pass through the following 3 parts.
Firstly, utilizing the voltage division of a precision resistor and the safety isolation of a photoelectric mode to obtain 1/500 of safe voltage components VB, V1 and V2 (VB is the positive and negative voltage of a high-voltage battery, V1 is the negative end of the high-voltage battery to the voltage of an electric chassis, V2 is the positive end of the high-voltage battery to the voltage of the electric chassis, hereinafter referred to as VB, V1 and V2), realizing the real-time monitoring of a high-voltage electric system, and displaying 3 voltage values in real time through a display screen;
secondly, the integrated discharge test device is connected to an electronic load module controlled by the singlechip through an electronic switch, and when the singlechip receives the zero moment after collision, the integrated discharge test device controls a related circuit to carry out the integrated discharge test of residual electric energy;
thirdly, a known resistor R is connected into the circuit through the switching of an electronic switch, the voltage value of the connected resistor R is recorded by a singlechip, and the insulation resistance is calculated by using a meter method.
When the toggle switch on the panel is used for measuring the insulation coefficient and the test button is pressed, the device can automatically connect the known resistor R into the positive terminal of the high-voltage battery and the level platform (the yellow indicator light is on) respectively, and the negative terminal of the high-voltage battery and the level platform (the green indicator light is on). At this time, V1 and V2 change to obtain V1 'and V2', respectively. After the corresponding voltage value is obtained, the equipment automatically records, carries the voltage value into formula calculation, and displays the test result of the insulation resistance on a display screen, wherein the unit at the moment is omega/V. When the toggle switch on the panel is used for measuring electric energy, after collision, the equipment can control the electronic load to perform the integral discharge test by the singlechip after reaching the specified time according to the set requirement. Finally, the test results of the residual electrical energy are displayed on a display screen in joules. VB, V1 and V2 are displayed in real time through a display screen in the whole testing and calculating process of the equipment. After the collision is finished, if the high-voltage system of the electric automobile has an automatic power-off function, in order to measure the insulation resistance of the load end of the automobile, the insulation resistance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the high-voltage bus and the level table can be respectively measured by utilizing the megameter through the interface on the panel.
After the collision test is finished, the measuring device is connected with the high-voltage bus of the electric automobile, the voltage and the discharge current at two ends of the discharge resistor are measured, and then the residual electric energy of the whole automobile is calculated by using a formula (1).
Wherein: u is the voltage at two ends of the discharge resistor, I is the discharge current, t1 is the switching-in time of the discharge resistor, and t2 is the discharge ending time.
Through formula conversion, formula (1) can be equivalent to formula (2).
As can be seen from the formula (2), the residual electric energy of the whole vehicle can be calculated by measuring the voltages at both ends of the discharge resistor.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an electric automobile direct current high voltage busbar residual electric energy measuring device, includes the shell, the shell is equipped with control panel, still includes the circuit board of setting in the shell, its characterized in that: the circuit board is integrated with an electronic load module, an electrical isolation module, a main control module and a display module;
the electronic load module is connected with the main control module and is used for adjusting the load resistance according to the input voltage and feeding back the resistance value to the main control module;
the electronic load module adopts a MOSFET device which is used for controlling the magnitude of short circuit test current and automatically adjusting the magnitude of short circuit resistance according to the magnitude of short circuit voltage;
the electric isolation module is connected with the main control module, adopts an optical isolation amplifier device and an electromagnetic isolation amplifier device and is used for converting input high voltage electricity into low voltage signals, and is also connected with a high voltage bus, and meanwhile, physical isolation between the electronic load and a singlechip for controlling the electronic load is realized;
the main control module is connected with the display module and used for outputting and displaying results;
the main control module is also connected with a control panel;
and calculating to obtain the residual electric energy by measuring the voltage at two ends of a discharge resistor in an electronic load module in the residual electric energy measuring device.
2. The electric automobile direct-current high-voltage bus residual electric energy measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the shell is also provided with
A first cable: connecting the positive end of a REESS high-voltage bus of the electric automobile;
and a second cable: the negative end of a REESS high-voltage bus of the electric automobile is connected;
and a third cable: connecting an electric chassis of the electric automobile;
data acquisition interface: the data acquisition device is connected with the data acquisition device and is used for recording three values VB, V1 and V2 after collision;
5 volt charging interface: the device is used for charging equipment and is used for an internal circuit and a display screen;
power-off indicator lamp: the method is used for judging whether the high-voltage electric system is powered off after the test;
triggering an interface: the residual power test triggers a switch, i.e., a crash 0 time signal.
3. The electric automobile direct-current high-voltage bus residual electric energy measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the main control module adopts a singlechip main control module, the singlechip main control module adopts a 16-bit singlechip, and comprises an AD analog-to-digital conversion module, an input and output control module, a data communication module and an operation processing module.
4. The electric automobile direct-current high-voltage bus residual electric energy measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula is as follows
Wherein: u is the voltage of two ends of the discharge resistor, t1 is the connection time of the discharge resistor, t2 is the discharge end time, and R is the discharge resistor.
5. The electric automobile direct-current high-voltage bus residual electric energy measuring device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the discharge resistor is a dynamic variable resistor.
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| CN201710453635.0A CN107238771B (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2017-06-15 | Device and method for measuring residual electric energy of direct-current high-voltage bus of electric automobile |
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| CN109932664B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-12-15 | 深圳市鼎阳科技股份有限公司 | Switching circuit for electronic load short-circuit mode and control method |
| CN113238104A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-08-10 | 江铃汽车股份有限公司 | Method for detecting high-voltage safe power-off signal during automobile collision |
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