CN107234985B

CN107234985B - Automatic deicing device and deicing method for railway tunnel

Info

Publication number: CN107234985B
Application number: CN201710462085.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴文海; 郭通; 于兰英; 孙磊
Original assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2017-06-19
Filing date: 2017-06-19
Publication date: 2023-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-19
Also published as: CN107234985A

Abstract

An automatic deicing device for a railway tunnel and a deicing method thereof are used for installing two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24) in the vertical direction on a platform of a base support assembly (23) at the front end of the top of a train, and the left end and the right end of a suspension bracket (5) in the horizontal direction are correspondingly fixed on the tops of two piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24); the deicing actuating mechanism (25) is fixed on the suspension bracket, and the deicing actuating mechanism (25) is as follows: the shaft of the servo motor (12) in the vertical direction is connected with the shaft 2 (15) through a coupler (13), the shaft 2 (15) serves as a transmission main shaft and is connected with the driving end of an electromagnetic clutch (17), the lower end of the shaft 1 (3) is connected with the driven end of the electromagnetic clutch (17), and the middle of a deicing rod (2) is fixed at the top end of the shaft 1 (3). The device has the characteristics of simple structure, capability of utilizing train kinetic energy to carry out tunnel deicing, labor and financial resources conservation, particular suitability for automatic control and the like.

Description

Automatic deicing device and deicing method for railway tunnel

Technical Field

The invention relates to mechanical deicing equipment for maintaining an electrified railway, in particular to a deicing device for the top of a tunnel of the electrified railway.

Background

Since the first electrified railway line is built in 1958, through the rapid development of decades in China, the total mileage of the electrified railways in China breaks through 4.8 kilometers in 2012, surpasses the second Russia, and ranks the first in the world. A large number of tunnels are generated in the process of building the electrified railway, and along with the increase of railway operation time and the change of external geological conditions, the tunnels inevitably generate water seepage and water leakage phenomena. In areas with lower latitudes or summer, the influence of the water leakage and water seepage of the tunnel on the running of the railway train is not large, but in cold seasons, particularly in high-latitude areas, the water leakage problem of the tunnel causes great potential safety hazards in the running of the train.

The contact line height when the icicles suspended from the top of the tunnel extend to the overhead line system can cause great damage to the pantograph of the running train. If the icing in the range of the pantograph and the railway contact network of the train exceeds the insulation length of air, the condition that the icicle discharges to the contact network and the pantograph can occur, if the maintenance is not found in time, the contact network or the catenary can be seriously blown, and the normal operation of a railway system is greatly influenced. For example, in 1988, at 24.4.1.1.17 min, a section of a catenary cable in a fort ditch tunnel governed by a contact network work area in FengZhou is burnt out due to ice damage, and the power supply is interrupted for nearly three hours, so that the power supply interruption causes the late time of one passenger train and 7 freight trains. In 2008, when the southern area of China encounters a freezing weather disaster which is not met for hundreds of years, ice is hung in a plurality of tunnels and invades a contact network, so that a plurality of electrified railway lines in the southern area are in a paralyzed state once, and only a dispatched diesel locomotive is required to rescue, thereby causing serious economic loss and social harm. The icing problem of the railway tunnel is more serious in northeast China, and the phenomenon that the tunnel is iced appears greatly in winter and spring thawing season. More seriously, if the ice columns on the top of the tunnel are not cleaned for a long time, the ice columns can be connected into one piece over time, and the situation that the tunnel is forced to be abandoned even in the northern area can happen.

The ice damage of the tunnel is always a hot topic in the engineering world, and the conventional method for removing the ice on the tunnel mainly adopts a manual periodic inspection ice-removing method, needs a large amount of manpower, has severe working environment and high danger for maintenance workers, and has potential harm to the life safety of the workers. And partial railway bureaus adopt a method of modifying tunnels and melting ice by using electric energy to eliminate the influence of ice damage, but the method has the disadvantages of remarkable investment, long construction period and huge resource consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic deicing device for a railway tunnel, which aims to automatically and mechanically remove ice in the tunnel at the front end of a pantograph.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: an automatic deicing device for a railway tunnel is used for mounting two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24) in the vertical direction on a platform of a base support assembly (23) arranged at the front end of the top of a train, and the left end and the right end of a suspension bracket (5) in the horizontal direction are correspondingly fixed on the tops of two piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24); the deicing actuating mechanism (25) is fixed on the suspension bracket, and the deicing actuating mechanism (25) is as follows: the shaft of the servo motor (12) in the vertical direction is connected with the shaft 2 (15) through a coupler (13), the shaft 2 (15) serves as a transmission main shaft and is connected with the driving end of an electromagnetic clutch (17), the lower end of the shaft 1 (3) is connected with the driven end of the electromagnetic clutch (17), and the middle of a deicing rod (2) is fixed at the top end of the shaft 1 (3).

The middle part of the No. 2 shaft (15) is arranged on a bottom plate of a No. 4 cylinder body (9) in a cylindrical shape through a bearing, and the upper part of the No. 1 shaft (3) is arranged on a top plate of a No. 1 cylinder body (7) in a cylindrical shape through a thrust ball bearing (4); the cylinder is also provided with a No. 3 cylinder body (10) in a cylindrical shape and a No. 2 cylinder body (8) in a plate shape; the lower part of the No. 3 cylinder body (10) is fixed on a servo motor (12) through a bolt, the lower part of the No. 1 cylinder body (7) and the upper part of the No. 4 cylinder body (9) are respectively fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of a plate of the No. 2 cylinder body (8) through bolts, and the No. 4 cylinder body (9) is positioned in the inner cavity of the No. 3 cylinder body (10).

The deicing rod (2) is formed by welding two rod pieces on the left side and the right side of a cylinder; also has a large nut (1); the large nut (1) extends into the cylinder of the deicing rod (2) from top to bottom and is screwed on the top end of the shaft No. 1 (3).

The suspension bracket (5) consists of a circular disc and two horizontal rods fixed at the left end and the right end of the circular disc; a disc of the suspension bracket (5) is fixed on a top plate of the No. 1 cylinder body (7) through a plurality of bolts; the hanging bracket is also provided with two connecting bodies (26), and the two connecting bodies (26) are respectively fixed at the outer ends of the two horizontal rod pieces of the hanging bracket; the upper parts of two piston rods of two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24) respectively extend into holes on the two connecting bodies (26) and are fixed by locking screws.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic deicing method using the deicing device described above.

Another object of the invention is achieved by: a deicing method of a deicing device comprises the following steps:

when the train runs outside the tunnel, the deicing rods are driven by the servo motor to rotate to the direction which is the same as the running direction of the train, namely the initial position, the piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders are recovered, and the deicing rods are positioned below the contact lines of the overhead contact system;

when a train runs to a place to enter a tunnel, a train driver presses a button or is automatically controlled by a sensor arranged at the front end of the train, two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders of a hydraulic lifting mechanism start to work, piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders simultaneously extend upwards until a deicing rod is sent to a position above a catenary carrier cable of a contact network, and meanwhile, a servo motor, an electromagnetic clutch and an electromagnetic brake are electrified; after the electromagnetic brake is electrified, the original clamped shaft No. 1 is loosened; after the electromagnetic clutch is electrified, the No. 2 shaft is used as a driving shaft to transmit power to the No. 1 shaft; the servo motor is electrified, the motor shaft starts to rotate, and the deicing rod rotates to a working position under the power provided by the servo motor, namely the position vertical to the running direction of the train, so that the deicing rod can achieve the aim of deicing;

when a sensor positioned at the front end of the train detects that a suspension line for suspending the catenary appears in the front edge, two piston rods of two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic lifting mechanism are recovered, so that the deicing rod is positioned below the suspension line, meanwhile, the servo motor, the electromagnetic clutch and the electromagnetic brake are electrified again, the motor rotates, the electromagnetic clutch is combined, the electromagnetic brake releases a shaft 1 where the deicing rod is positioned, and the deicing rod rotates to the initial position to avoid the catenary suspension line.

The device is arranged at the front end of a pantograph of a train and is connected with the top of the train through a base, two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the left side and the right side of the front end of the base, and a deicing action mechanism is hung on each group of hydraulic cylinders. The deicing device is mainly used for deicing and has the function of directly hanging ice on a tunnel during working. The position direction of the deicing rod in the non-working time is the same as the running direction of the train. The deicing rod is mechanically connected to a servo motor and can be driven by the servo motor to rotate. When meeting some non-ice obstacles, the utility model can avoid the obstacle smoothly.

The deicing actuating mechanism of the automatic railway deicing device comprises relevant parts important from top to bottom, namely a deicing rod, an electromagnetic brake, an electromagnetic clutch and a servo motor, wherein the four parts are connected through shafts. When the current is switched on, the four parts can rotate together, when the power is off, the deicing rod and the electromagnetic brake are guaranteed by generating static moment by depending on the internal structure of the electromagnetic brake, and when the deicing rod is subjected to transverse force, the deicing rod and the electromagnetic brake cannot rotate, so that the aim of smoothly deicing can be fulfilled. When the power is off, the electromagnetic clutch below can also ensure that the shaft of the upper part is separated from the motor shaft connected below, so that the impact force borne by the main shaft in the deicing process can not be transmitted to the motor shaft of the servo motor, and the motor is prevented from being damaged after long-time work.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. in the deicing process, no working personnel are exposed in the natural environment, so that the requirement on workers is low, and the safety is high. In addition, the deicing process mainly depends on the kinetic energy of train operation, and compared with the conventional resistance heating mode, the energy consumption is greatly reduced.

2. The mechanical deicing device has a simple structure, is specially designed for removing the suspended icicles in the tunnel, is particularly suitable for an automatic control system (consisting of a position sensor connected with a microcomputer and a power supply circuit of a servo motor, an electromagnetic clutch and an electromagnetic brake controlled by the microcomputer), and forms the automatic tunnel deicing device of the automatic railway system.

3. The device is arranged at the front end of the pantograph to carry out mechanical deicing, protects the safety of a contact network and the pantograph in real time, realizes deicing when ice exists, reduces manual inspection and ice beating, saves labor cost and energy, can ensure the running safety of a train, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and has important contribution to the operation and maintenance of an electrified railway.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an automatic deicing device for railway tunnels.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the deicing mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the external structure of the deicing actuator shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a deicing rod.

In FIG. 2, 1-large nut; 2-deicing rods; shaft number 3-1; 4-thrust ball bearing; 5, a suspension bracket; 6-screw; no. 7-1 cylinder body; no. 8-2 cylinder body; no. 9-4 cylinder body; no. 10-3 cylinder body; 11-bond 10 x 8 x 35; 12-a servo motor; 13-a coupler; 14-bond 8 x 7 x 25;15-2 shaft; 16-bond 8 x 7 x 25; 17-an electromagnetic clutch; 18-bond 8 x 7 x 36; 19-a screw; 20-bond 14 x 9 x 36; 21-an electromagnetic brake; 22-bond 14 x 9 x 36.

Detailed Description

Fig. 2 shows the automatic deicing device for railway tunnels, wherein two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders 24 in the vertical direction are mounted on a platform of a base support assembly 23 mounted at the front end of the top of a train, and the left end and the right end of a suspension bracket 5 in the horizontal direction are correspondingly fixed at the tops of two piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders 24; the deicing actuator 25 is fixed to the suspension bracket, and the deicing actuator 25 is: the shaft of the servo motor 12 in the vertical direction is connected with a shaft 2 through a coupling 13, the shaft 2 is used as a transmission main shaft and is connected with the driving end of an electromagnetic clutch 17, the lower end of the shaft 1 is connected with the driven end of the electromagnetic clutch 17, and the middle part of a deicing rod 2 is fixed at the top end of the shaft 1 (see fig. 1 and 3). The middle part of the No. 2 shaft 15 is arranged on a bottom plate of a cylindrical No. 4 cylinder body 9 through a bearing, and the upper part of the No. 1 shaft 3 is arranged on a top plate of a cylindrical No. 1 cylinder body 7 through a thrust ball bearing 4; the cylinder is also provided with a No. 3 cylinder body 10 in a cylindrical shape and a No. 2 cylinder body 8 in a plate shape; the lower part of the No. 3 cylinder body 10 is fixed on a servo motor 12 through bolts, the lower part of the No. 1 cylinder body 7 and the upper part of the No. 4 cylinder body 9 are respectively fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the No. 2 cylinder body 8 plate through bolts, and the No. 4 cylinder body 9 is positioned in the inner cavity of the No. 3 cylinder body 10.

Referring to fig. 4, the deicing rod 2 is formed by welding two rod pieces on the left and right sides of a cylinder; also provided with a large nut 1; the large nut 1 extends into the cylinder of the deicing rod 2 from top to bottom and is screwed on the top end of the shaft No. 1 3. The suspension bracket 5 consists of a disc and two horizontal rods fixed at the left and right ends of the disc; the disc of the suspension bracket 5 is fixed on the top plate of the No. 1 cylinder body 7 through a plurality of bolts; two connecting bodies 26 are also arranged, and the two connecting bodies 26 are respectively fixed at the outer ends of the two horizontal rod pieces of the suspension bracket; the upper parts of two piston rods of two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders 24 respectively extend into holes on the two connecting bodies 26 and are fixed by locking screws.

The electromagnetic clutch includes a friction plate type, a magnetic powder type, an eddy current type electromagnetic clutch, and the like.

For example, friction plate electromagnetic clutch: after the power is switched on, the driving friction plate and the driven friction plate are pressed tightly, and the driving friction plate and the driven friction plate are driven by friction force to enable the driven gear to rotate along with the driving shaft; when the coil is cut off, the round springs of the driving friction plate and the driven friction plate restore the positions of the driving friction plate and the driven friction plate to keep a certain gap, and torque is not transmitted any more.

For another example, a magnetic powder electromagnetic clutch: after the coil is electrified, the magnetic powder connects the driving rotor and the driven rotor together under the action of electromagnetic force and drives torque.

A deicing method of an automatic deicing device for a railway tunnel comprises the following steps:

when the train runs to a place to enter a tunnel, a train driver presses a button or is automatically controlled by a sensor arranged at the front end of the train, two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic lifting mechanism start to work, piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders simultaneously extend upwards until a deicing rod is sent to a position above a catenary of a contact network, and meanwhile, a servo motor, an electromagnetic clutch and an electromagnetic brake are electrified; after the electromagnetic brake is electrified, the original clamped shaft No. 1 is loosened; after the electromagnetic clutch is electrified, the No. 2 shaft is used as a driving shaft to transmit power to the No. 1 shaft; the servo motor is electrified, the motor shaft starts to rotate, and the deicing rod rotates to a working position under the power provided by the servo motor, namely the position vertical to the running direction of the train, so that the deicing rod can achieve the aim of deicing;

When the train runs outside the tunnel, the deicing device does not work, and is positioned below a contact line of a contact net in order to avoid unknown obstacles which may appear outside the tunnel.

When the train is in the place to enter the tunnel, the train driver presses the button, the hydraulic lifting part starts to work, and the plungers of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders extend out simultaneously until the deicing rod is sent to a position above a catenary of a contact net. At the initial position, the direction of the deicing rod is the same as the running direction of the train, and power is supplied to the servo motor, the electromagnetic clutch and the electromagnetic brake. The internal structure of the electromagnetic brake is changed when electricity is obtained, and the original tightly held main shaft is loosened; the electromagnetic clutch is electrified, the upper and lower sheets are combined, and the upper and lower shafts can mutually transmit power; the servo motor is electrified, and the motor shaft starts to rotate. The deicing rod is turned to the working position, i.e., the position perpendicular to the direction of train travel, under the power provided by the servo motor. At the moment, the servo motor, the electromagnetic clutch and the electromagnetic brake are powered off simultaneously. After the power is cut off, the servo motor stops rotating; the upper and lower pieces of the electromagnetic clutch are separated, so that the upper and lower shafts are separated and power can not be transmitted continuously; the electromagnetic brake tightly holds the main shaft to prevent the main shaft from rotating, so that the deicing rod can keep static around a vertical shaft to achieve the aim of deicing.

When the sensor at the front end of the train detects that a suspension line for suspending the catenary appears at the front edge, the motor, the electromagnetic clutch and the electromagnetic brake are electrified again, the motor rotates, the electromagnetic clutch is combined, the electromagnetic brake releases the shaft where the deicing rod is located, and the deicing rod rotates to the initial position to avoid the catenary suspension line.

When the train runs out of the tunnel, the deicing rods are firstly rotated to the initial direction which is the same as the running direction of the train under the driving of the servo motor, then the plungers of the two groups of hydraulic cylinders start to retract, the deicing rods return to the position below the contact line of the contact network, and the deicing process in one tunnel is finished.

Claims

1. A railway tunnel automatic deicing method adopts a deicing device, two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24) in the vertical direction are arranged on a platform of a base support assembly (23) arranged at the front end of the top of a train, and the left end and the right end of a suspension bracket (5) in the horizontal direction are correspondingly fixed at the tops of two piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24); the deicing actuating mechanism (25) is fixed on the suspension bracket, and the deicing actuating mechanism (25) is as follows: a shaft of the servo motor (12) in the vertical direction is connected with a shaft 2 (15) through a coupler (13), the shaft 2 (15) is used as a transmission main shaft and is connected with a driving end of an electromagnetic clutch (17), the lower end of the shaft 1 (3) is connected with a driven end of the electromagnetic clutch (17), and the middle part of a deicing rod (2) is fixed at the top end of the shaft 1 (3); the middle part of the No. 2 shaft (15) is arranged on a bottom plate of a No. 4 cylinder body (9) in a cylindrical shape through a bearing, and the upper part of the No. 1 shaft (3) is arranged on a top plate of a No. 1 cylinder body (7) in a cylindrical shape through a thrust ball bearing (4); the cylinder is also provided with a No. 3 cylinder body (10) in a cylindrical shape and a No. 2 cylinder body (8) in a plate shape; the lower part of the No. 3 cylinder body (10) is fixed on a servo motor (12) through a bolt, the lower part of the No. 1 cylinder body (7) and the upper part of the No. 4 cylinder body (9) are respectively fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of a plate of the No. 2 cylinder body (8) through bolts, and the No. 4 cylinder body (9) is positioned in the inner cavity of the No. 3 cylinder body (10); the deicing rod (2) is formed by welding two rod pieces on the left side and the right side of a cylinder; also has a large nut (1); the large nut (1) extends into the cylinder of the deicing rod (2) from top to bottom and is screwed on the top end of the shaft No. 1 (3); the suspension bracket (5) consists of a disc and two horizontal rod pieces fixed at the left end and the right end of the disc; a disc of the suspension bracket (5) is fixed on a top plate of the No. 1 cylinder body (7) through a plurality of bolts; the hanging bracket is also provided with two connecting bodies (26), and the two connecting bodies (26) are respectively fixed at the outer ends of the two horizontal rod pieces of the hanging bracket; the upper parts of two piston rods of two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders (24) respectively extend into holes on the two connecting bodies (26) and are fixed by locking screws; the deicing method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

when the train runs to a place to enter a tunnel, a train driver presses a button or is automatically controlled by a sensor arranged at the front end of the train, two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic lifting mechanism start to work, piston rods of the two groups of synchronous hydraulic cylinders simultaneously extend upwards until a deicing rod is sent to a position above a catenary of a contact network, and meanwhile, a servo motor, an electromagnetic clutch and an electromagnetic brake are electrified; after the electromagnetic brake is electrified, the original shaft No. 1 which is held tightly is loosened; after the electromagnetic clutch is electrified, the No. 2 shaft is used as a driving shaft to transmit power to the No. 1 shaft; the servo motor is electrified, the motor shaft starts to rotate, and the deicing rod rotates to a working position under the power provided by the servo motor, namely the position vertical to the running direction of the train, so that the deicing rod can achieve the aim of deicing;