CN107230730A - 太阳能电池单元 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及太阳能电池单元,其具有:构造为太阳能电池的半导体本体,半导体本体具有前侧和背侧,前侧具有带第一极性的第一连接触点,背侧具有带第二极性的第二连接触点;载体,载体具有由至少四个边沿围绕的上侧、下侧、构造在上侧上的与第一连接触点连接的第一接触面以及与第二连接触点连接的与所述第一接触面隔开间距的第二接触面;和具有下侧的次级光学元件,其中,半导体本体的背侧与载体的上侧的一部分力锁合地连接,其中,次级光学元件将光线引导到半导体本体的前侧上,其中,次级光学元件的下侧的至少部分与半导体本体的前侧和/或与载体的上侧仅仅借助于聚合物粘接层力锁合地连接,其中,第一接触面和第二接触面沿着第一边沿布置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池单元。
背景技术
如同例如由WO 2014/019652 A1或EP 2 073 279 A1公知的太阳能电池接收器典型地具有布置在载体上的半导体本体。在半导体本体上方布置有初级和次级光学元件,以便将太阳光引导到半导体本体的表面上。为了电接触,半导体本体具有第一和第二连接触点,其中,每个连接触点与布置在载体上的接触面、例如印制导线区域电连接。上述的太阳能电池接收器的主要成本问题是载体的尺寸。
发明内容
在这种背景下,本发明的任务在于,提出一种装置,该装置进一步改进现有技术并且实现了尽可能成本低廉地制造。
该任务通过具有权利要求1特征的太阳能电池单元解决。本发明的有利构型是从属权利要求的内容。
根据本发明的内容提供一种太阳能电池单元,其具有构造为太阳能电池的半导体本体、载体和次级光学元件。
半导体本体具有前侧和背侧,前侧具有带第一极性的第一连接触点,背侧具有带第二极性的第二连接触点。
载体具有由四个边沿围绕的上侧、下侧以及构造在所述上侧上的第一和第二接触面。接触面沿着载体的第一边沿布置,其中,第一接触面与第二接触面隔开间距并且与半导体本体的第一电连接触点导电连接,并且第二接触面与半导体本体的第二电连接触点导电连接。半导体本体的背侧与载体的上侧的一部分力锁合地连接。
次级光学元件具有下侧,其中,次级光学元件将光引导到半导体本体的前侧上,其中,次级光学元件的下侧的至少部分与半导体本体的前侧和/或与载体的上侧仅仅借助于聚合物粘接层力锁合地连接。
补充说明的是,接触面仅仅沿着第一侧布置。特别是在接触面上布置金属凸起部。金属凸起部优选地是折出角度的。
此外补充说明的是,太阳能电池优选地是GaAs或Ge基的III-V半导体太阳能电池,并且太阳能电池最多优选地设计为堆叠状地布置的多重太阳能电池并且此外借助于使用UV光份额而具有高于30%的效率。
这种太阳能电池单元此外由于比硅太阳能电池高的制造成本而优选地使用在所谓的CPV系统中。在CPV系统中,太阳光被以大于100直至大于1000的倍数聚焦。在此,借助于初级光学聚焦器或元件聚焦的光线被引导到太阳能电池单元的次级光学元件上。
初级元件、例如环带透镜(Fresnel-Linse)布置在次级光学元件的上方。由次级光学元件将光线沿着光轴引导至聚合物粘接层,以便穿过聚合物粘接层并且射到半导体本体的、太阳能电池的前侧。
太阳能电池单元与另一太阳能电池单元的电接触通过各自的接触面建立。在此,多个太阳能电池单元的接触面例如通过电阻点焊与金属连接元件电连接。优选,金属连接元件构造为线材形或构造为线材。在另一实施方式中,接触凸起部(Kontaktfahne)与接触面电连接。为了连接多个太阳能电池单元,太阳能电池单元的接触凸起部借助于金属连接元件连接。
根据本发明的装置的一个优点在于,与布置在载体的对置的边沿上相比,通过触点的单侧布置可以明显地减小载体的尺寸。以完全意想不到的方式证实了,新式的非常小的载体面也足够用于导出在太阳光集中射入时产生的热量。也完全意想不到地证实了,特别是当接触面构造为特别大的或者构造为具有接触凸起部时,连接触点紧邻太阳能电池或者光学元件的下侧单侧地布置甚至恰好排出大量的热。特别是在完成布线的状态中,即在形成阵列时,由此可借助于电连接金属线再次提高热导出。总之证实了,对于载体的尺寸,太阳能电池的尺寸和光学元件的尺寸可以是确定的。一个另外的优点在于比传统的至少3.0mm乘以3.5mm大小的载体节省了至少15%直到至少30%的面积。通过载体的材料节省由此实现了大大爱护资源并且成本低廉的制造可能性。
实验表明,接触面的单侧布置相对于第一设想不使布线变得困难。虽然在二维观察中对于多个太阳能电池单元的典型的蜿蜒曲折状的布置和串联的布线存在短路的风险。但是在三维观察中能够例如通过使用导线桥避免这种情况。
在第一实施方式中,第一接触面和第二接触面布置为与次级光学元件的下侧隔开间距,由此这两个接触面在载体的上侧上布置在次级光学元件的朝向载体的下侧和载体上侧的第一边沿之间。
根据一个扩展方案,次级光学元件的下侧与载体上侧的第一边沿的间距在垂直于载体上侧延伸的投影中为至少1mm、优选至少3mm,其中,次级光学元件的下侧与第二边沿、与第三边沿以及与第四边沿的间距在垂直于载体上侧延伸的投影中为最大4mm、优选最大2mm或更优选最大1mm或者处于0mm和0.2mm之间的范围内。在一个另外的扩展方案中,在所述投影中,光学元件的下侧在载体上侧上的至少一个边沿或者所有第一至第三边沿上突出最多2mm。可以理解的是,与所述边沿的间距分别理解为通过在载体上侧上的投影所产生的虚拟边缘和与这个虚拟边缘紧邻的边沿之间的最短距离。
通过次级光学元件在载体上侧上的不对称布置或者将载体表面单侧地提供给待布置的接触面,减小了载体的尺寸。载体的第一边沿与次级光学元件这样远地隔开间距,使得这两个接触面可以沿着第一边沿布置,而第二、第三和第四边沿仅仅必须具有与第二光学元件的最小间距。
在一个扩展方案中,在垂直于载体上侧延伸的投影中,次级光学元件的投影面积是载体的投影面积的至少30%或者至少40%或者至少45%或者至少50%。
在一个实施方式中,在投影中,次级光学元件的基面突出于载体的两个或三个边沿。一个优点是,由此可以减小载体的面积并且降低成本。
在一个另外的扩展方案中,在垂直于载体上侧延伸的投影中,半导体本体的投影面积是载体的投影面积的至少6%或者至少8%或者至少10%或者至少12%。
在一个实施方式中,沿着第一边沿的长度的至少75%或至少90%邻接第一和/或第二接触面。
在一个另外的实施方式中,太阳能电池单元具有基本上矩形的最大20mm×26mm或优选地最大16mm×22mm边长的基面。
在一个替代的实施方式中,次级光学元件透镜状地构造有背离半导体本体的凸表面或构造为漏斗形。在一个另外的实施方式中,次级光学元件包括玻璃或者特别是石英玻璃化合物或者由其构成并且一体地构造。在一个扩展方案中,聚合物粘接层包括塑料化合物。
在一个替代的实施方式中,所述载体构造为陶瓷印刷电路板或者构造为具有绝缘金属基底的印刷电路板,和/或所述第一接触面和所述第二接触面构造为印制导线。在一个替代的扩展方案中,所述半导体本体具有至少两个上下叠置的光电激活的半导体结。
根据一个扩展方案,一种太阳能电池模块具有至少一个根据前述种类的第一、第二和第三太阳能电池单元和至少一个第一和第二金属连接元件,其中,第一、第二和第三太阳能电池单元分别以下侧布置在基板的表面上,第一金属连接元件使第一太阳能电池单元的第一接触面与第二太阳能电池单元的第二接触面电连接,第二金属连接元件使第一太阳能电池单元的第二接触面与第三太阳能电池单元的第一接触面电连接,并且第一金属连接元件在垂直于载体上侧的第一投影中完全地或者部分地遮盖第一太阳能电池单元的第二接触面。
补充说明的是,金属连接元件、例如金属丝典型地借助于电阻点焊连接与接触面导电连接。接触面典型地构造为纯平面的或者替代地构造为折出角度的接触凸起部。
由于金属连接元件在第一太阳能电池单元的第二接触面的区域中交叉,可能的是,多个太阳能电池单元通过仅仅单侧布置的接触面以简单的方式布置成典型的蜿蜒曲折的链并且串联连接。
在一个扩展方案中,第一金属连接元件在垂直于基板表面延伸的方向上与第一太阳能电池单元的第二接触面隔开间距并且在第一太阳能电池单元的第二接触面的区域中与第二金属连接元件隔开间距,由此阻止短路。间距例如可以通过第一金属连接元件的桥形或弓形的构型实现。在一个替代的实施方式中,基板包括金属。可理解的是,线材或线材形导电体由于各自的金属稳定性而特别适用于作为用于桥形或弓形构造的金属连接元件。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细地说明本发明。在此,相同类型的部件以相同的附图标记标出。所示的实施方式是极其示意性的,也就是说,间距和横向延伸和竖直延伸不是按比例的并且如果未做其他说明也不具有相对彼此可推断的几何关系。附图中示出:
图1示出太阳能电池单元的根据本发明的第一实施方式的示意图,
图2示出太阳能电池单元的根据本发明的第一实施方式的示意性的俯视图,
图3示出太阳能电池模块的根据本发明的第一实施方式的示意性的俯视图,
图4示出太阳能电池模块的根据本发明的第一实施方式的沿着剖面A-A的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1的视图示出太阳能电池单元10的第一实施方式的侧视图,所述太阳能电池单元具有半导体本体20、载体30和次级光学元件50。图2的视图示出图1中所示的太阳能电池单元10的示意性的俯视图。
半导体本体20以背侧24与载体30的上侧32力锁合地连接。前侧22完全由次级光学元件50遮盖,其中,次级光学元件50构造为凸透镜并且次级光学元件50的平的下侧52借助于聚合物粘接层(未示出)至少部分地与半导体本体20的前侧22力锁合地连接。在所示的实施例中,次级光学元件50的平的下侧52此外遮盖一布置在载体30上侧32上的保护二极管38。
如同在图2中可看到的那样,载体30具有由四个边沿34.1,34.2,34.3,34.4围绕的矩形的上侧32。在所示的实施例中,第一和第二触面40,45在次级光学元件50旁边并且沿着载体30的第一边沿34.1布置在载体30的上侧32上。在一个替代的实施方式(虚线示出)中,次级光学元件50的下侧距边沿34.2,34.3,34.4的间距处于0mm和0.25mm之间的范围内,也就是说几乎齐平。在一个另外的实施方式(点划线示出)中,次级光学元件50的下侧超过边沿34.2,34.3,34.4,也就是说,次级光学元件50的基础面积在直径上更大。一个优点是,由此可以减小载体的面积并且降低成本。优选地,次级光学元件关于载体的面重心偏心地布置。
在图3的视图中示意性地示出太阳能电池模块100的第一实施方式。图4示出沿着图3中的直线A-A的剖面图。
太阳能电池模块具有三个前述种类的太阳能电池单元10.1,10.2,10.3,其中,太阳能电池单元10.1,10.2,10.3分别以一个下侧36.1,36.2布置在基板110的表面120上。
第一太阳能电池单元10.1的第一接触面40.1借助于第一金属连接元件70与第二太阳能电池单元10.2的第二接触面45.2电连接,其中,第一太阳能电池单元10.1和第二太阳能电池单元10.2这样相互并列地布置,使得在垂直于基板110表面120延伸的投影中,不仅第一太阳能电池单元10.1的第二接触面45.1而且第二太阳能电池单元10.2的第一接触面40.2至少部分地由第一金属连接元件70遮盖。
为了避免短路,如同在图4中所示的剖面图中可看到的那样,第一金属连接元件70在垂直于基板110表面120延伸的的方向上与第二太阳能电池单元10.2的第一接触面40.2具有间距并且与第一太阳能电池单元10.1的第二接触面45.1具有间距。
此外,第一太阳能电池单元10.1的第二接触面45.1与第三太阳能电池单元10.3的第一接触面40.3借助于第二金属连接元件72导电连接。第一金属连接元件70与第一太阳能电池单元10.1的第二接触面45.1的间距这样大地选择,使得第二金属连接元件72也在第一太阳能电池单元10.1的第二接触面45.1的区域中在垂直于基板110表面120延伸的方向上与第一金属连接元件70具有间距。
Claims (17)
1.一种太阳能电池单元(10),其具有
-构造为太阳能电池的半导体本体(20),所述半导体本体具有前侧(22)和背侧(24),所述前侧具有带第一极性的第一连接触点,所述背侧具有带第二极性的第二连接触点,
-载体(30),所述载体具有由至少四个边沿(34.1,34.2,34.3,34.4)围绕的上侧(32)、下侧(36)、构造在所述上侧(32)上的第一接触面(40)以及构造在所述上侧(32)上并且与所述第一接触面(40)隔开间距的第二接触面(45),并且
-其中,所述第一接触面(40)与所述半导体本体(20)的第一电连接触点导电连接,所述第二接触面(45)与所述半导体本体的第二电连接触点导电连接,并且所述半导体本体(20)的背侧(24)与所述载体(30)的上侧(32)的一部分力锁合地连接,和
-具有下侧(52)的次级光学元件(50),其中,所述次级光学元件(50)将光线引导到所述半导体本体(20)的前侧(22)上,其中,所述次级光学元件(50)的下侧(52)的至少部分与所述半导体本体(20)的前侧(22)和/或与所述载体(30)的上侧(32)仅仅借助于聚合物粘接层力锁合地连接,
其特征在于,
所述第一接触面(40)和所述第二接触面(45)沿着所述第一边沿(34.1)布置,并且沿着所述第一边沿(34.1)的长度的至少75%邻接所述第一和/或第二接触面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述第一接触面(40)和所述第二接触面(45)布置为与所述次级光学元件(50)的下侧(52)隔开间距。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述次级光学元件(50)的下侧(52)与所述载体(30)的上侧(32)的第一边沿(34.1)的间距在垂直于所述载体(30)上侧(32)延伸的投影中为至少3mm,其中,所述次级光学元件(50)的下侧(52)与第二边沿(34.2)、与第三边沿(34.3)以及与第四边沿(34.4)的间距在垂直于所述载体(30)上侧(32)延伸的投影中为最大2mm或最大1mm或者处于0mm和0.2mm之间的范围内。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,在垂直于所述载体(30)上侧(32)延伸的投影中,所述光学元件(50)的投影面积是所述载体(30)的投影面积的至少30%或者至少40%或者至少45%或者至少50%。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,在垂直于所述载体(30)上侧(32)延伸的投影中,所述半导体本体(20)的投影面积是所述载体(30)的投影面积的至少6%或者至少8%或者至少10%或者至少12%。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述次级光学元件(50)透镜形地构造有背离所述半导体本体(20)的凸表面或构造成漏斗形。
7.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述次级光学元件(50)包括石英玻璃化合物并且一体地构造。
8.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述聚合物粘接层包括塑料化合物。
9.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述载体(30)构造为陶瓷印刷电路板或者具有绝缘金属基底的印刷电路板。
10.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述第一接触面(41)和所述第二接触面(45)构造为印制导线。
11.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述半导体本体(20)具有至少两个上下叠置的光电激活的半导体结。
12.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,沿着所述第一边沿(34.1)的长度的至少90%邻接所述第一和/或第二接触面。
13.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述太阳能电池单元具有基本上矩形的最大22mm×28mm或最大16mm×22mm边长的基面。
14.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的太阳能电池单元(10),其特征在于,所述次级光学元件(50)的基面在所述投影中突出超过所述载体(30)的两个或三个边沿。
15.一种太阳能电池模块(100),其具有至少一个第一、第二和第三太阳能电池单元(10.1,10.2,10.3),所述太阳能电池单元根据前述权利要求中任一项所述,所述太阳能电池模块还具有至少一个第一和第二金属连接元件(70,72),其中,第一、第二和第三太阳能电池单元(10.1,10.2,10.3)分别以下侧(36.1,36.2,36.3)布置在一基板(110)的表面(120)上,
其特征在于,
-所述第一金属连接元件(70)使所述第一太阳能电池单元(10.1)的第一接触面(40.1)与所述第二太阳能电池单元(10.2)的第二接触面(45.2)电连接,
-所述第二金属连接元件(72)使所述第一太阳能电池单元(10.1)的第二接触面(45.1)与所述第三太阳能电池单元(10.3)的第一接触面(40.3)电连接,
-其中,所述第一金属连接元件(70)在垂直于所述载体(30)上侧(32)延伸的第一投影中完全地或者部分地遮盖所述第一太阳能电池单元(10.1)的第二接触面(45.1)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的太阳能电池模块(100),其特征在于,所述第一金属连接元件(70)在垂直于所述基板(11)表面(120)延伸的方向上与所述第一太阳能电池单元(10.1)的第二接触面(45.1)隔开间距并且在所述第一太阳能电池单元(10.1)的第二接触面(45.1)的区域中与所述第二金属连接元件(72)隔开间距。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的太阳能电池模块(100),其特征在于,所述基板(110)包括金属或非金属。
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