CN107221259A - A kind of spherical display and display methods - Google Patents

A kind of spherical display and display methods Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107221259A
CN107221259A CN201710523106.3A CN201710523106A CN107221259A CN 107221259 A CN107221259 A CN 107221259A CN 201710523106 A CN201710523106 A CN 201710523106A CN 107221259 A CN107221259 A CN 107221259A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
display
parallelogram
spherical
display unit
pixel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201710523106.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王继岷
解军
蒋向东
曾雄
曾一雄
严亮
高升旭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHENGDU CHENGDIAN GUANGXIN TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CHENGDU CHENGDIAN GUANGXIN TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHENGDU CHENGDIAN GUANGXIN TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical CHENGDU CHENGDIAN GUANGXIN TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to CN201710523106.3A priority Critical patent/CN107221259A/en
Publication of CN107221259A publication Critical patent/CN107221259A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of spherical display and display methods, the display includes multiple identical parallelogram display units and a polygon top cover, the multiple identical parallelogram display unit is spliced and combined to be formed above and below perforate and inner hollow chondritic, the polygon top cover be located at chondritic top tapping;The display methods is:If parallelogram display unit physically shifts n pixel position per a line, vision signal is shifted to the opposite direction of parallelogram display unit physical slant by n pixel by shift register, then the vision signal after processing is shown.Spherical display is combined using identical parallelogram display unit and constituted, and disclosure satisfy that easy to manufacture in technique, and single display unit replaceability is high.

Description

A kind of spherical display and display methods
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoelectric display field, more particularly, to a kind of spherical display and display methods.
Background technology
With the development of LED display, because its service life is long, energy-conserving and environment-protective and the low advantage of integrated cost, it It is widely used in various public places.Most LED display is made into rectangle or just due to the limitation of production technology Square, large-scale display screen is also to be spliced by multiple small rectangle display modules.And in fact, we need sometimes The display screen of some distinctive appearances-abnormity screen, such as spherical, parallelogram and other polygons.Wherein with spherical the most multiple Miscellaneous, spherical other polygons of needs of construction, which are spliced and combined, to be formed.In fact, spherical screen has been an aggregation popularity of doing things creatively Product.
And existing spherical display screen mainly uses two schemes, these current schemes have the defect of oneself, Yi Zhongshi Watermelon peel formula display screen, it is divided by a plurality of longitude and latitude spoke lines, the similar watermelon decorative pattern of shape or earth latitude and longitude.This type Screen be spliced by multiple display units, the cell configuration on any warp is all different.This in manufacturing process to adding Difficulty is, it is necessary to which the mould of multiple different sizes completes the display of the specification of the same race on unit burst, only same parallel Unit can be replaced.Once some unit of spherical screen is damaged, it is necessary to which getting the component of matching same specification ready could replace.Also, it is flat Plane video image is in this kind of watermelon screen display, it may appear that edge lines are distorted, distortion, more to north and south the two poles of the earth, pixel Distribution it is more uneven, to the north of 45 ° of north latitude, on the south 45 ° of south latitude, it is impossible to play image, picture utilization rate is very low.In order to alleviate this The problem of kind, snap shot can only be carried out using complicated algorithm or point is mended at present.And because different per module unit, in segmentation Edge be not always uniformly distributed, in order to make up the vacancy on area, often add pixel in some rows, this again cause This line compared with other rows more crypto set some, cause segmentation portion image edge detailss deform.
Another scheme is that pentagon adds the football formula spherical screen that hexagon is put together, and a general spheroid is by 12 Pentagon and 26 hexagon splicing compositions.And each pentagon and hexagon be spliced by smaller triangle and Into as described in patent CN201510060005, each pentagon or hexagon are by the different angle isosceles triangles of two kinds of specifications It is put together.The spherical screen of this football formula also has the difficulty on realizing, because each small triangle can be regarded as one piece Separate display screens, individually controlled by the driving of oneself, and rank scanning shows image, for the polygon of structural belt hypotenuse, two Individual triangle can be spliced and combined, and their driving scanning is exactly reverse, be shown jointly to combine more triangle screens Show that the image opened greatly has to decompose image information, polylith triangle screen coordinates rank scanning to control the image of various pieces to believe Breath, this is in drive control, and software algorithm, which is realized, has great difficulty, and technical threshold is too high.
In fact, many plane special-shaped screens, are all by equilateral triangle, base angle as described in patent CN201210082470 Be 45 ° or base angle is that 67.5 ° of isosceles triangle is formed with various connecting methods, these abnormity screens when image information is presented, Adjacent triangle is different because of scanning direction, picture is showed jointly, data transfer and type of drive are still a problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to:The problem of existing for prior art there is provided a kind of spherical display and display methods, The problem of display unit block for solving existing spherical display changes constant.
The goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of spherical display, the display includes multiple identical parallelogram display units and a polygon top Lid, the multiple identical parallelogram display unit is spliced and combined to be formed above and below perforate and inner hollow chondritic, The polygon top cover is located at the top tapping of chondritic.
Further, the display also includes support, and one end of the support is located inside spherical display, and the other end is spherical Tapping is passed below display.
Further, the profile of parallelogram display unit is rhombus.
Further, the profile of parallelogram display unit is the rhombus that an angle is 60 °.
Further, polygon top cover is combined by trapezoidal screen and parallelogram screen.
If a kind of display methods parallelogram display unit of spherical display physically shifts n pixel per a line Position, then shift n pixel by vision signal by shift register to the opposite direction of parallelogram display unit physical slant, Then the vision signal after processing is shown.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below:
1st, spherical display is combined using identical parallelogram display unit and constituted, and be disclosure satisfy that to manufacture in technique and is held Easily, and single display unit replaceability is high.
2nd, spherical display in actual use, display screen is driven with better simply rank scanning type of drive, Uniform with display, beautiful in colour, install convenient, it is easy to safeguard is lightweight, and wind resistance is good, perfect heat-dissipating, water resistance The advantages of good, anti-seismic performance is good, auxiliary installation frame cost is low, fan-free is Jing Yin.
3rd, spherical display is widely used in museum, planetarium, science and technology center, children's palace, exhibition center, gymnasium, waited Other places such as the Room, star hotel, large-scale open space, railway station, harbour, market, bar.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 top view;
Fig. 3 is the scan mode figure of parallelogram display unit;
Fig. 4 is displaying principle figure of the invention;
Fig. 5 is display renderings of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of spherical display, as shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 2, and the display includes multiple identicals parallel four Side shape display unit and a polygon top cover.Multiple identical parallelogram display units are spliced and combined to be formed above and below perforate And the chondritic of inner hollow, top tapping of the polygon top cover located at chondritic.The display also includes support, should One end of support is located inside spherical display, and tapping is passed below other end spherical display.Polygon top cover is by trapezoidal Screen and parallelogram screen are combined.
In order to reduce splicing gap, the profile of parallelogram display unit is rhombus.In order to further reduce splicing seams Gap, the profile of parallelogram display unit is the rhombus that an angle is 60 °.
This spherical display is described in detail below:
The mode that splices and combines for focusing on it of inventive display, the visible angle of display screen is 360 degree, Ke Yiquan Video is played in orientation, and its each display unit is a complete parallelogram, and not two triangles are spliced.As schemed Shown in 3, each parallelogram display unit is from top to bottom by row scanning, and direction is consistent.Represent that row j represents row, Pixel with i (i, j) and Pixel (i+1, j) and Pixel (i, j+1) generally requires same color, by simple to shift register Shifting function is with regard to that can control corresponding pixel points to light.Pixel (I, j) positive that water-proofing treatment is made of silica gel, adopt by internal outlet Use silica gel wire rod, hermetically sealed waterproofing design adapts to different moisture levels environment, can in the case of drenching with rain normal work.At present, using platform The MBI 5124 or MBI 5958 of gulf accumulation company constant-current LED driver can be achieved with, in fact, this is aobvious with traditional rectangular Show the same in the control mode principle of device splicing driving rank scanning.The present invention is shown using parallelogram as main Show unit, realize it is seamless spliced, except the spheroid arctic need build a polygon top cover come in addition to sealing, whole ball is all with same The parallelogram display unit for planting specification is uniformly shown, any to damage, convenient to replace.
The displaying principle of the present invention as shown in figure 4, analog video camera, video recorder, LD video disc players, television set output it is compound The blended data input computer of vision signal (luminance signal, chrominance signal, synchronizing signal) or audio, is converted into computer Recognizable data signal, FPGA image process controllers are shifted to digital signal rows row in computer.If parallel four Side shape display unit is physically tilted to the left, and n pixel is shifted per a line, then by FPGA on software to shift LD Device is operated, and shifting n pixel with the opposite direction of parallelogram display unit physical slant is adjusted.So finally exist Normal video pattern can be presented on parallelogram display unit.The algorithm of segmentation figure picture to each parallelogram is real It is existing, it is to be realized by software, and the pixel shift on each parallelogram can be realized by various ways and (passed through on such as hardware Graphics card goes to complete to shift or gets on to realize by pure software algorithm, that is to say, that complete software algorithm on computers, or Person FPGA get on hardware realization).After being treated through FPGA video image processors, data signal feeding LED parallelogram show Show that scanning monitor is controlled to data signal in display control unit luminescence display in unit, display unit.Parallel four side Shape screen carries Switching Power Supply and individually powered to screen in vivo.That the image process controller in Fig. 4 refers to is exactly FPGA, this FPGA It is not necessarily in computer-internal component, it is also possible to be that outside realizes its function as image processing board.
If for example, as shown in figure 5, spheroid wants multiple units to show alphabetical " CN " jointly, spherical calotte is spread apart to come Analysis, decomposing alphabetical pixel " C " turns into a two-dimensional array matrix, it is determined that use (A~F, 3~8) show the position of " C ", The display unit of covering pixel is gated by master chip, total pel array can be used in calculating, and the display border of each unit is divided Alphabetical " C " pattern pixel distribution of solution, drives pixel from top to bottom, often shows a pixel, and offset increase runs into each list First pixel boundary, gating, which closes on unit and continues to complete the row, to be shown.Often row shows that completion is switched to the first unit of next column correspondence Continue the information of display " C ".The display mode of alphabetical " N " can similarly be derived.Beyond the part built for parallelogram, Top and bottom have cavity, it would be desirable to which support supports whole spheroid, therefore bottom is internal support bracket fastened entrance.Top Vacancy it is of different sizes due to the parallelogram element of selection, can a remaining regular polygon lid.Filled out to seamless This lid is filled, it is necessary to which a small amount of other trapezoidal screen and parallelogram are combined.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is noted that all Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., should be included in the guarantor of the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of spherical display, it is characterised in that the display includes multiple identical parallelogram display units and one Individual polygon top cover, the multiple identical parallelogram display unit is spliced and combined to be formed above and below perforate and inner hollow Chondritic, the polygon top cover is located at the top tapping of chondritic.
2. a kind of spherical display according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the display also includes support, the support One end be located inside spherical display, tapping is passed below other end spherical display.
3. a kind of spherical display according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the profile of parallelogram display unit is Rhombus.
4. a kind of spherical display according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the profile of parallelogram display unit is One angle is 60 ° of rhombus.
5. a kind of spherical display according to claim 1, it is characterised in that polygon top cover is by trapezoidal screen and parallel Quadrangle screen is combined.
6. the display methods of spherical display described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that if parallelogram display unit exists N pixel is physically shifted per a line, then by shift register by vision signal to parallelogram display unit physics Inclined opposite direction shifts n pixel, is then shown the vision signal after processing.
CN201710523106.3A 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 A kind of spherical display and display methods Pending CN107221259A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710523106.3A CN107221259A (en) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 A kind of spherical display and display methods

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710523106.3A CN107221259A (en) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 A kind of spherical display and display methods

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107221259A true CN107221259A (en) 2017-09-29

Family

ID=59951455

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710523106.3A Pending CN107221259A (en) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 A kind of spherical display and display methods

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107221259A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108154838A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-12 威创集团股份有限公司 A kind of triangular module display driver circuit implementation method and driving circuit
CN109559675A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-04-02 东南大学 A kind of warp direction addressing display methods based on panorama spherical surface display
CN113038038A (en) * 2021-03-14 2021-06-25 成都八月工场科技有限公司 Device for splicing screens based on FPGA and self-adaptive display method thereof
CN113838384A (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-24 广州市浩洋电子股份有限公司 Special-shaped display screen, special-shaped pixel lamp and control method of special-shaped pixel lamp
CN115035808A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-09 卡莱特云科技股份有限公司 Playing method, server, system, device and medium for spherical screen display area
TWI824970B (en) * 2023-05-03 2023-12-01 華碩電腦股份有限公司 Light effect generating device and light effect generating method

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020166294A1 (en) * 2001-03-10 2002-11-14 Ernest Rogers Spherical and polyhedral shells with improved segmentation
JP3104565U (en) * 2004-04-12 2004-09-30 有限会社ビックビジョン Soccer ball type album
US20040257435A1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2004-12-23 Clinton Joseph Dewitt Method of tessellating a surface
JP2005284044A (en) * 2004-03-30 2005-10-13 Canon Inc Stereoscopic image display device
CN1808557A (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-26 松下电器产业株式会社 Image display method, imaging method, and image synthesis method
CN101283307A (en) * 2005-07-01 2008-10-08 财团法人工业技术研究院 Tiled display for electronic signage
US20090082144A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2009-03-26 Francisco Pacheco Comba Ball With Magnus Effect
CN101689351A (en) * 2007-06-26 2010-03-31 奥林巴斯映像株式会社 Image formation and display packing and image form and display device
CN102646371A (en) * 2012-04-16 2012-08-22 北京金立翔艺彩科技股份有限公司 Spherical LED (Light-Emitting Diode) display device
CN102902116A (en) * 2008-05-11 2013-01-30 Nlt科技股份有限公司 Non-rectangular pixel array and display device having same
CN102968931A (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-03-13 深圳市康硕展电子有限公司 Triangular light emitting diode (LED) display screen module and display screen
CN103871329A (en) * 2014-04-02 2014-06-18 上海大晨显示技术有限公司 Spherical displaying screen composed of plane displaying boards and spherical surface displaying screen
CN104616600A (en) * 2015-02-04 2015-05-13 深圳视爵光旭电子有限公司 Spherical display screen
CN206991665U (en) * 2017-06-30 2018-02-09 成都成电光信科技股份有限公司 A kind of spherical display

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040257435A1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2004-12-23 Clinton Joseph Dewitt Method of tessellating a surface
US20020166294A1 (en) * 2001-03-10 2002-11-14 Ernest Rogers Spherical and polyhedral shells with improved segmentation
JP2005284044A (en) * 2004-03-30 2005-10-13 Canon Inc Stereoscopic image display device
JP3104565U (en) * 2004-04-12 2004-09-30 有限会社ビックビジョン Soccer ball type album
CN1808557A (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-26 松下电器产业株式会社 Image display method, imaging method, and image synthesis method
CN101283307A (en) * 2005-07-01 2008-10-08 财团法人工业技术研究院 Tiled display for electronic signage
US20090082144A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2009-03-26 Francisco Pacheco Comba Ball With Magnus Effect
CN101689351A (en) * 2007-06-26 2010-03-31 奥林巴斯映像株式会社 Image formation and display packing and image form and display device
CN102902116A (en) * 2008-05-11 2013-01-30 Nlt科技股份有限公司 Non-rectangular pixel array and display device having same
CN102968931A (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-03-13 深圳市康硕展电子有限公司 Triangular light emitting diode (LED) display screen module and display screen
CN102646371A (en) * 2012-04-16 2012-08-22 北京金立翔艺彩科技股份有限公司 Spherical LED (Light-Emitting Diode) display device
CN103871329A (en) * 2014-04-02 2014-06-18 上海大晨显示技术有限公司 Spherical displaying screen composed of plane displaying boards and spherical surface displaying screen
CN104616600A (en) * 2015-02-04 2015-05-13 深圳视爵光旭电子有限公司 Spherical display screen
CN206991665U (en) * 2017-06-30 2018-02-09 成都成电光信科技股份有限公司 A kind of spherical display

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108154838A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-12 威创集团股份有限公司 A kind of triangular module display driver circuit implementation method and driving circuit
CN109559675A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-04-02 东南大学 A kind of warp direction addressing display methods based on panorama spherical surface display
CN109559675B (en) * 2018-11-02 2020-07-24 东南大学 Warp direction addressing display method based on panoramic spherical display
CN113838384A (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-24 广州市浩洋电子股份有限公司 Special-shaped display screen, special-shaped pixel lamp and control method of special-shaped pixel lamp
CN113038038A (en) * 2021-03-14 2021-06-25 成都八月工场科技有限公司 Device for splicing screens based on FPGA and self-adaptive display method thereof
CN113038038B (en) * 2021-03-14 2023-04-11 郑州华商科技有限公司 Device for splicing screens based on FPGA and self-adaptive display method thereof
CN115035808A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-09 卡莱特云科技股份有限公司 Playing method, server, system, device and medium for spherical screen display area
CN115035808B (en) * 2022-06-29 2024-03-01 卡莱特云科技股份有限公司 Playing method, server, system, equipment and medium of spherical screen display area
TWI824970B (en) * 2023-05-03 2023-12-01 華碩電腦股份有限公司 Light effect generating device and light effect generating method

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN206991665U (en) A kind of spherical display
CN107221259A (en) A kind of spherical display and display methods
US20090121988A1 (en) Large scale flexible led video display and control system therefor
WO2016161814A1 (en) Pixel structure, display substrate, and display device
US20070182666A1 (en) Curtain display unit for light emitting elements
WO2019085454A1 (en) Special-shaped display screen and display apparatus
US20020149581A1 (en) Method for occlusion of movable objects and people in augmented reality scenes
US20120044255A1 (en) Intelligent display
US20130321394A1 (en) Three-dimensional display device, system for creating three-dimensional display, and process of creating three-dimensional display
EA200700895A1 (en) METHOD OF FORMATION OF A MOVING MATRIX IMAGE AND DEVICE LED RUNNING LINE
US20170117334A1 (en) Array substrate and display device
WO2016161815A1 (en) Pixel structure, driving method therefor, and display device
WO2019196335A1 (en) Spherical oled display
KR102030438B1 (en) Display control system
JP2003216134A (en) Wall image display device of spherical structure
CN210015649U (en) Rotary advertisement module
WO2012094843A1 (en) Displaying method for splicing light emitting diode screen with different dot pitches and different dot matrixes in quick manner
US20130027279A1 (en) Color display system
CN106710515B (en) Programmable logic device, sending card and LED display control system
TW200519831A (en) Improving colour ratios in a 3D image display device
WO2018176922A1 (en) Method for driving display panel, display apparatus, and virtual reality device
TWI530930B (en) Display panel, display system, and image display method
US5940051A (en) Display system
JP2001282133A (en) Large-sized video device
CN111462647A (en) Rotary L ED stereoscopic display device and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20170929