CN1072176A - 丁酸衍生物 - Google Patents

丁酸衍生物 Download PDF

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CN1072176A
CN1072176A CN92112605A CN92112605A CN1072176A CN 1072176 A CN1072176 A CN 1072176A CN 92112605 A CN92112605 A CN 92112605A CN 92112605 A CN92112605 A CN 92112605A CN 1072176 A CN1072176 A CN 1072176A
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pyridyl
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P·梅因菲施
M·博格
T·皮特纳
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Novartis AG
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Ciba Geigy AG
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Abstract

式I的化合物以其游离形式或成盐形式可用作 农业化学的有效成分,并可用本来已知的方法加以制 备。
式中A是取代的或未被取代的芳香或非芳香的 单环或双环的杂环基,A以碳原子与X相连结;R1 和R2各自独立地是氢或C1—C6-烷基;X是NR3, O或S;R3是氢或C1—C4-烷基。

Description

本发明涉及4-氯-4,4-二氟丁酸的新的衍生物、其制备过程、含有这些化合物的杀虫剂以及它们控制害虫的用途。
本发明的4-氯-4,4-二氟丁酸酰胺、酯和硫代酯具有式(Ⅰ)结构
Figure 921126050_IMG15
式中
A是取代的或未取代的、芳香或非芳香性的、单环或双环的杂环基,
A以碳原子与X相连结;
R1和R2彼此独立地是氢或C1-C6-烷基;
X是NR3,O或S;
R3是氢或C1-C4-烷基。
EP-A-O413666和US-4950666提及4-氯-4,4-二氟-丁酸衍生物用作杀虫剂的有效成分。然而在那些专利中叙述的化合物的生物学性质对于害虫的控制范围並不完全满意,因而需要提供具有杀虫性质的其它化合物;这个问题由本发明提供的式Ⅰ化合物解决了。
本发明化合物Ⅰ包括酸加合盐,特别是农业化学上可接受的酸加合盐。适宜的(无机或有机)酸的实例有盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸,中心原子相同但氧化态较高或较低的酸,如高氯酸、亚硝酸或亚磷酸,乙酸或琥珀酸。
本发明文本中优选的具体实例是
(1)式Ⅰ中R1为氢的化合物;
(2)式Ⅰ中R2为氢的化合物;
(3)式Ⅰ中X为NR3或S,R3为氢或C1-C4-烷基的化合物,特别是X为NH或S的式Ⅰ的化合物,优选为式Ⅰ中X为NH的化合物;
(4)式Ⅰ中基团A以碳原子与X相连结的化合物,A选自下列基团:
A是未取代的或带有如下的一个、二个、三个或四个取代基:包括卤素、C1~C6-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1~C4-卤代烷基,C1~C4-烷氧基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1~C4-卤代烷氧基,硝基,氰基,C1~C4-烷氧羰基,二(C1~C4-烷基)氨基,苯基,苄基,吡啶基,噻吩基以及被单取代的苯基、苄基、吡啶基和噻吩基,单取代基包括卤素,C1~C4-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1~C4-卤代烷基,C1~C4-烷氧基、硝基或氰基,
特别是式Ⅰ中基团A以碳原子与X相连结的化合物,A选自下列基团:
Figure 921126050_IMG17
A为未取代的或带有如下的一个或两个取代基:包括卤素,C1~C6-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1~C4-卤代烷基,C1~C4-烷氧基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1~C4-卤代烷氧基,硝基,氰基,C1~C4-烷氧羰基,二(C1~C4-烷基)氨基,苯基,苄基,吡啶基,噻吩基,以及被单取代的苯基、苄基、吡啶基和噻吩基,单取代基包括卤素,C1~C4-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1~C4-卤代烷基,C1~C4-烷氧基,硝基或氰基,
特别是式Ⅰ中基团A以碳原子与X相连结的化合物,A选自下列基团:
A为未被取代的或带有如下的一个、二个、三个或四个取代基:包括卤素,C1~C6-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1-C4-卤代烷基,C1-C4-烷氧基,硝基,C1-C4-烷氧羰基,二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基,苯基,苄基,吡啶基和噻吩基,
特别是式Ⅰ中基团A以碳原子与X相连结的化合物,A选自下列基团:
A为未被取代的或带有如下的一个、二个或三个取代基:包括卤素,C1~C6-烷基,硝基,苯基,吡啶基和噻吩基,
特别是式Ⅰ中基团A以碳原子与X相连结的化合物,A选自下列基团:
Figure 921126050_IMG20
Figure 921126050_IMG21
A为未被取代的或带有如下的一个、二个或三个取代基:包括卤素,甲基,吡啶基和噻吩基,
特别是式Ⅰ中基团A以碳原子与X相连结的化合物,A选自下列基团:
Figure 921126050_IMG22
A为未被取代的或被卤素、甲基、吡啶基或噻吩基单取代的,
特别是式Ⅰ中基团A为选自如下基团的化合物:2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基,2-嘧啶基,2-吡嗪基,2-噻唑基,3-异噁唑基,1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基,苯并噁唑-2-基,苯并噻唑-2-基和3-喹啉基,这些基团或未被取代,或被卤素、甲基、吡啶基或噻吩基单取代,
特别是式Ⅰ中A为未取代的2-吡啶基或未取代的2-噻唑基的化合物;
(5)式Ⅰ的化合物,其中R1是氢,R2是氢,X是NH或S,A为选自如下的基团:2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基,2-嘧啶基,2-吡嗪基,2-噻唑基,3-异噁唑基,1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基,苯并噁唑-2-基,苯并噻唑-2-基和3-喹啉基,这些基团或未被取代,或被卤素、甲基、吡啶基或噻吩基单取代;
(6)式Ⅰ的化合物,式中R1是氢,R2是氢,X是NH,A是未被取代的2-吡啶基或未被取代的2-噻唑基。
本发明文本中特别优选的式Ⅰ化合物在实施例P1和P2中提及了。
除非另行定义,在上文和下文中所用的通用术语有如下的定义:
适于作取代基的卤原子是氟和氯,也可是溴和碘,氟、氯和溴是优选的,氟和氯尤为优选的卤原子。此处的卤素应理解为是独立的取代基,或是取代基中的一部分,如卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基中的卤素。
除非另行定义,含碳的基团和化合物各优选地含有由1个到(包括)4个碳原子,尤以1或2个碳原子为优选。
烷基,它本身作为基团或是其它基团和化合物的一个结构成分,例如烷氧基,二烷氨基,卤代烷基,卤代烷氧基和烷氧羰基时,可以是直链,或者是支链的,在各种情况下根据存在于相应的基团或化合物中的碳原子数目而定。可以提及的烷基的实例是甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,异丁基,仲丁基和叔丁基以及戊基、己基及它们的异构体。
卤素取代的基团,即卤代烷基和卤代烷氧基,可以是部分卤代或是全卤代。卤代烷基,它本身作为取代基,或者是作为其它基团和化合物的一个结构成分时,其实例有:被由1个到3个选自氟、氯和溴的取代基取代的甲基,例如CHF2或CF3;被由1个到5个选自氟、氯和溴的取代基取代的乙基,例如CH2CF3,CF2CF3,CF2CCl3,CF2CHCl2,CF2CHF2,CF2CFCl2,CF2CHBr2,CF2CHClF,CF2CHBrF或CClFCHClF;被由1个到7个选自氟、氯或溴的取代基取代的丙基或异丙基,例如CH2CHBrCH2Br,CF2CHFCF3,CH2CF2CF3或CH(CF32;被由1个到9个选自氟、氯和溴的取代基取代的丁基,或者其异构体之一,例如CF(CF3)CHFCF3或CH2(CF22CF3
二烷氨基中的两个烷基可以相同或者不同。
本发明也涉及制备游离形式或盐形式的式Ⅰ化合物的方法,例如该方法包括:
a)式Ⅱ化合物在碱的存在下与式Ⅲ化合物或其盐反应,
Figure 921126050_IMG23
HX-A(Ⅲ),
式Ⅱ中R1和R2,A和X定义与式Ⅰ的相同,Hal是卤素,优选为氯或溴;或
b)在缩合剂的存在下,式Ⅳ化合物与式Ⅲ化合物或其盐反应,
Figure 921126050_IMG24
式中R1和R2的定义与式Ⅰ的相同;或
c)式Ⅴ化合物与式Ⅲ化合物或其盐反应,
Figure 921126050_IMG25
式中R1和R2的定义与式Ⅰ的相同,
在各种情况下如若需要,可将反应中得到的式Ⅰ的游离化合物转变成一种盐,或者将反应中得到的式Ⅰ的一种盐转变成式Ⅰ的游离化合物或另一种盐。
方法a)用的适宜的碱的实例是有机碱,例如吡啶,4-二甲氨基吡啶,二甲基吡啶,可力定,三烷胺类,N,N-二烷基苯胺或双环非亲核性碱,例如1,4-二氮杂双环〔2.2.2〕辛烷(DABCO),1,5-氮杂双环〔4.3.0〕-5-壬烯(DBN)和1,8-二氮杂双环〔5.4.0〕-7-十-碳烯(DBU)。反应温度一般在-30°~+70℃之间进行,优选为-10°~+50℃,在有惰性溶剂或混合溶剂的存在下是有利的。适宜的溶剂的实例是脂烃和芳烃,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、石油醚或己烷;卤代烃类,例如氯苯,二氯甲烷,氯化乙烯,三氯甲烷,四氯化碳或四氯乙烯;醚类和醚的化合物,例如二烷基醚(乙醚,二异丙醚,甲基叔丁基醚等),茴香醚,二噁烷或四氢呋喃;腈类,如乙腈或丙腈;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,乙酸丙酯或乙酸丁酯;酮类如丙酮,二乙基酮或甲乙酮,以及这些溶剂的相互混合溶剂。然而,该反应也可在过量的上述一个碱的存在下进行,或者不用碱,而用2当量或更过量的化合物Ⅲ。
方法b)用的适宜的缩合剂的实例有磷酸二氯苯酯,二氯苯膦酸,2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪,5,6-二氧代-1,3-二苯基-5,6-二氢-(噻吩并〔3,4-b〕-1,4-肟(dioxine))-2,2-二氧化物,碳酸二咪唑化物,二环己基碳二亚胺,氧化铝,氯化钛(Ⅳ),2,2,4,4,6,6-六氯-1,3,5,2,4,6-三氮杂三膦和氯代甲酸低级烷基酯,例如氯代甲酸异丁酯。反应最好在碱的存在下进行,例如有机胺的存在下,如三烷基胺(如三甲胺,三乙胺,三丙胺或二异丙基乙胺),吡啶(如吡啶,4-二甲氨基吡啶或4-吡咯烷并吡啶),吗啉(如N-甲基吗啉)或N,N-二烷基苯胺(如N,N-二甲基苯胺或N-甲基-N-乙基苯胺)。在惰性溶剂或混合溶剂中,温度为-30°~+70℃优选为-10°~+50℃进行反应较为有利。适宜的溶剂是脂烃和芳烃,例如苯,甲苯,二甲苯,石油醚或己烷;卤代烃类,如氯苯,二氯甲烷,氯化乙烯,三氯甲烷,四氯化碳或四氯乙烯;醚类和醚的化合物,例如二烷基醚(乙醚,二异丙醚,甲基叔丁基醚等),茴香醚,二噁烷或四氢呋喃;腈类,如乙腈或丙腈;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,乙酸丙酯或乙酸丁酯,以及这些溶剂的混合物。
在方法c)中,反应物于惰性溶剂或混合溶剂中进行为有利。适宜的溶剂有脂烃和芳烃,如苯,甲苯,二甲苯,石油醚或己烷;卤代烃类,如氯苯,二氯甲烷,二氯乙烯,三氯甲烷,四氯化碳或四氯乙烯;醚类或醚的化合物,如二烷基醚(乙醚,二异丙醚,甲基叔丁基醚等),茴香醚,二噁烷或四氢呋喃;腈类如乙腈或丙腈;醇类如甲醇,乙醇,丙醇或异丙醇;以及水。胺组分Ⅲ最好过量使用。反应温度一般为0°~+120℃。
游离化合物Ⅰ转变成盐以及将盐转变成游离化合物Ⅰ或另一种盐,是用常规方法进行,例如用酸处理游离的化合物Ⅰ或用碱处理它的盐。
化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ是已知的,或可用制备类似化合物的方法制备。
本发明化合物Ⅰ对于控制害虫是有价值的活性成分,而热血动物、鱼类和植物可很好的耐受。本发明化合物尤其对昆虫和蜘蛛纲有效,这些害虫出现在农业和园艺中的有用植物和观赏植物上,特别是在稻、棉、蔬菜、水果作物和森林中,化合物Ⅰ特别适于控制稻、水果和蔬菜作物中的昆虫,尤其是控制那些毁灭植物的吸吮性昆虫,例如蚜虫和蝉类,例如东方豆蚜,褐飞虱和黑尾叶蝉。本发明化合物也可用于保护贮存的什物和物料以及用于卫生部门,特别是保护家养动物和耕畜。化合物Ⅰ对于正常敏感型和耐药型的害虫的全部或某个发育阶段都是有效的。例如它们的作用表现在使害虫例如在蜕皮阶段致死(立即发生或者不久奏效),或减少产卵和/或降低孵化速率。
上述害虫包括:
鳞翅目中例如有长翅卷蛾属数种,褐带卷蛾属数种,透翅蛾属数种,地老虎属数种,棉叶夜蛾,Amylois属数种,梨豆夜蛾,黄卷蛾属数种,带卷蛾属数种,Y纹夜蛾属数种,玉米茎蛀褐夜蛾,干果斑螟,桃蛀果蛾,禾草螟属数种,色卷蛾属数种,Clysia  ambiguella,野螟属数种,云卷蛾属数种,细卷蛾属数种,鞘蛾属数种,Crocidolomia  binotalis,苹果异形小卷蛾,小卷蛾属数种,杆草螟属数种,苏丹棉铃虫,金刚钻属数种,粉斑螟属数种,裳夜蛾属数种,Eupoecilia  ambiguella,黄毒蛾属数种,切根虫属数种,小食心虫属数种,广翅小卷蛾,实夜蛾属数种,菜心野螟,美国白蛾,茄茎麦蛾,旋纹潜蛾,潜叶细蛾属数种,花翅小卷蛾,毒蛾属数种,潜蛾属数种,天幕毛虫属数种,甘蓝夜蛾,Manduca  sexta,幽波尺蛾属数种,玉米螟,超小卷蛾属数种,褐卷蛾属数种,松夜蛾,棉红铃虫,马铃薯麦蛾,小菜粉蝶,菜粉蝶属数种,菜蛾,小白巢蛾属数种,白禾螟属数种,蛀茎夜蛾属数种,长须卷蛾属数种,膜翅角蝉属数种,透翅蛾属数种,异舟蛾属数种,卷蛾属数种,粉纹夜蛾和巢蛾属数种;
鞘翅目的害虫例如有:
叩头虫属数种,花象属数种,甜菜隐虫甲,甜菜胫跳甲,根颈象属数种,象虫属数种,皮蠹属数种,黄瓜叶甲属数种,食植瓢虫属数种,Eremnus属数种,马铃薯叶甲,稻象属数种,鳃角金龟属数种,Orycaephilus属数种,耳象属数种,Phlyctinus属数种,美黑蜣属数种,十节跳甲属数种,谷蠹属数种,金龟子科,谷象属数种,麦蛾属数种,粉虫属数种,拟谷盗属数种和Trogorma属数种;
直翅目的害虫例如有:
蜚蠊属数种,姬蠊属数种,蝼蛄属数种,马德拉蜚蠊,飞蝗属数种,大蠊属数种和沙漠蝗属数种;
等翅目的害虫例如有:
散白蚁属数种;
啮虫目的害虫例如有:
粉啮虫属数种;
虱目的害虫例如有:
血虱属数种,毛虱属数种,虱属数种,瘿绵蚜属数种和根瘤蚜属数种;
食毛目的害虫例如有:
畜虱属数种和嚼虱属数种;
缨翅目的害虫例如有:
花蓟马属数种,篱蓟马属数种,带蓟马属数种,棕榈蓟马,烟蓟马和硬蓟马;
异翅目的害虫例如有:
臭虫属数种,可可狄盲蝽,棉红蝽属数种,扁盾蝽属数种,稻缘蝽属数种,绿蝽属数种,皮蝽属数种,红猎蝽属数种,Sahlbergella  singularis,黑蝽属数种和锥猎蝽属数种,Euchistus属数种;
同翅目的害虫例如有:
软毛粉虱,甘蓝粉虱,肾圆盾蚧属数种,蚜科,蚜属数种,圆盾蚧属数种,木薯粉虱,蜡蚧属数种,黑褐圆盾蚧,橙褐圆盾蚧,褐软蚧,小绿叶蝉属数种,绵蚜,斑叶蝉属数种,Gascarda属数种,飞虱属数种,紫杉坚蚧,蛎盾蚧属数种,长管蚜属数种,瘤蚜属数种,黑尾叶蝉属数种,褐飞虱属数种,Paratoria属数种,瘿绵蚜属数种,臀纹粉蚧属数种,桑白盾蚧属数种,粉蚧属数种,木虱属数种,绵蜡蚧,齿盾蚧属数种,缢管蚜属数种,盔蚧属数种,叶蝉属数种,二叉蚜属数种,麦长管蚜,温室粉虱,尖翅木虱和桔矢尖盾蚧;
膜翅目的害虫例如有:
Acromyrmex,切叶蚁属数种,茎蜂属数种,锯角叶蜂属数种,锯角叶蜂科,Gilpinia  polytoma,实蜂属数种,田蚁属数种,法老蚁,松锯角叶蜂属数种,火蚁属数种和胡蜂属数种;
双翅目的害虫例如有:
伊蚊属数种,Antherigona  Soccata,毛蚊,红头丽蝇,蜡实蝇属数种,金蝇属数种,库蚊属数种,疽蝇属数种,寡毛实蝇属数种,黑尾果蝇,厕蝇属数种,胃蝇属数种,舌蝇属数种,Hyporma属数种,Hyppobosca属数种,斑潜蝇属数种,绿蝇属数种,黑潜蝇属数种,狂蝇属数种,Orseolia属数种,瑞典麦杆蝇,藜泉蝇,草种蝇属数种,苹绕实蝇,尖眼 纹属数种,厩螫蝇属数种,虻属数种,螗蜩属数种和大蚊属数种;
蚤目的害虫例如有:
角叶蚤属数种和印鼠客蚤;
缨尾目的害虫例如有:
衣鱼
蜱螨目的害虫例如有:
粗脚粉螨,枯芽缨螨,苹果刺锈螨,花蜱属数种,锐缘蜱属数种,牛蜱属数种,短须螨属数种,苜蓿苔螨,Calipitrimerus属数种,痒螨属数种,鸡皮刺螨,枥始叶螨,瘿螨属数种,璃眼蜱属数种,硬蜱属数种,草地小爪螨,钝缘蜱属数种,全爪螨属数种,桔芸锈螨,Polyphagotarsonemus  latus,痒螨属数种,扇头蜱属数种,根螨属数种,疥螨属数种,跗线螨属数种和叶螨属数种。
本发明的化合物Ⅰ具有良好的杀虫活性,对上述害虫的杀灭率至少为50~60%。
本发明的化合物Ⅰ以及含有这些化合物的组合物的活性可因加入其它的杀虫剂和/或杀螨剂而明显地扩大,並适用于虫害流行环境。适宜的添加物的实例包括下列化合物类别的代表:有机磷化合物,硝基酚及其衍生物,甲脒,脲,氨基甲酸酯,拟除虫菊酯,氯代烃类和苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂。
化合物Ⅰ以未变动的形式使用,或最好与制剂学中所用的常规辅料合用,因而可以按已知的方法制成制剂,例如制成可乳化的浓缩液,可直接喷撒的或可稀释的溶液,稀乳液,可湿性粉剂,可溶性粉剂,粉剂,颗粒剂,也可包封在聚合物材料中,可根据组合物的性质,按照欲达到的目的和虫害流行的环境来选择使用方法,例如喷撒,喷雾、喷粉、撒布或浇灌。化合物Ⅰ也适用于种子处理。在播种前可用有效成分或含有效成分的制剂处理种子或拌种均可,也可在播种时将有效成分施在垄沟中。
各种配方,即含有式Ⅰ化合物(有效成分)的组合物、制剂或混合物,或该化合物与其它杀虫剂和/或杀螨剂组合並加入适当的固体或液体辅料,均用已知的方法加以制备,例如将有效成分与辅料,例如填料,如溶剂或固体载体或表面活性物质均匀地混合和/或研磨。
适宜的溶剂是:芳香烃类,优选为C8~C12的烷基苯组分例如二甲苯混合物或烷基化萘,脂烃或环脂烃如环己烷、链烷烃或四氢萘,醇类如乙醇、丙醇或丁醇,1,2-二醇类及其醚和酯,如丙二醇,二丙二醇醚,乙二醇,乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚,酮类如环己酮,异佛尔酮或双丙酮醇,强极性溶剂,如N-甲基2-吡咯烷酮,二甲基亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水,也可用植物油如菜油,蓖麻油,椰子油或豆油,或环氧化植物油,如环氧化的菜油、蓖麻油、椰子油或豆油,适宜时也可用硅油。
固体载体,例如用于粉剂及可分散性粉剂的载体,通常是天然的矿物填料,例如方解石,滑石,高岭土,蒙脱石或活性白土。为了改进物理性质,也可以加入强分散性的硅酸或强分散性的吸附性聚合物。适宜的颗粒状吸附性载体呈多孔型,例如浮石,碎砖,海泡石或膨润土;适宜的非吸附性载体是方解石或砂子。此外,可以用许多种无机或有机的颗粒状物质,特别是白云石或粉化的植物残渣。
适宜的表面活性化合物是具有良好的乳化、分散和湿润性质的非离子型、阳离子和/或阴离子型表面活性剂,用哪种取决于拟制成制剂的化合物Ⅰ或与它合用的其它杀虫剂和/或杀螨剂的性质。
非离子型表面活性剂最好是脂肪醇或环脂醇、饱和或不饱和脂肪酸和烷基酚的聚乙二醇醚衍生物,该衍生物含有3~30个乙二醇醚基,在脂烃基部分有8~20个碳原子,烷基酚的烷基部分有6~18个碳原子。另一类适宜的非离子型表面活性剂是聚环氧乙烷与聚丙二醇、乙二胺聚丙二醇和烷基链上含1~10个碳原子的烷基聚丙二醇的水溶性加成物,该加成物含有20~250个乙二醇醚基,10~100个丙二醇醚基。这些化合物每个丙二醇单位对应有1~5个乙二醇单位。非离子型表面活性剂有代表性的实例是壬基酚聚乙氧乙醇,蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚,聚环氧丙烷/聚环氧乙烷加成物,三丁基苯氧聚乙氧乙醇,聚乙二醇和辛基苯氧聚乙氧乙醇。聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯类,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇三油酸酯也是适宜的非离子型表面活性剂。
阳离子型表面活性剂最好是季铵盐,作为N-取代基,至少含有一个C8~C22-烷基,其余的取代基为未取代的或卤代的低碳烷基,苄基或羟基-低碳烷基。该盐最好呈卤化物、硫酸甲酯或硫酸乙酯形式,例如氯化十八烷基三甲铵或溴化苄基-二(2-氯乙基)-乙铵。
所谓水溶性的肥皂和水溶性的合成的表面活性化合物都是适宜的阴离子型表面活性剂。适宜的肥皂是高碳脂肪酸(C10~C22)的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或未取代的或取代的铵盐,例如油酸或硬脂酸或可由椰子油或松油中得到的天然脂肪酸的钠或钾盐。还有脂肪酸甲基牛磺酸盐。然而,所谓合成表面活性剂更为常用,特别是脂肪醇磺酸酯或硫酸酯,磺酸化的苯并咪唑衍生物或烷基芳基磺酸酯。脂肪醇磺酸酯或硫酸酯常常是碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或未取代的或取代的铵盐形式,通常含有一个C8~C22-烷基,这也包括酰基的烷基;还可提及的实例是木素磺酸的钠或钙盐,十二烷基磺酸钠或钙盐或由天然脂肪酸得到的脂肪醇硫酸酯混合物的钠或钙盐。这些化合物也包括硫酸化的和磺酸化的脂肪醇与环氧乙烷加成物的盐类。磺酸化的苯并咪唑衍生物最好含有二个磺酸基和一个含有大约8~22个碳原子的脂肪酸基团。烷基芳基磺酸盐的实例是十二烷基苯基磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、或萘磺酸与甲醛缩合物的钠、钙或三乙醇铵盐。相应的磷酸盐也是适宜的,例如对-壬基酚与4~14摩尔环氧乙烷加成物的磷酸酯的盐或磷脂盐。
上述的表面活性剂只应视作一些实例;在制剂技术中常规用的更多的和适于本发明所用的表面活性剂叙述于有关文献中。
该农药组合物通常含有0.1~99%化合物Ⅰ或化合物Ⅰ与其它杀虫剂和/或杀螨剂的合用剂,最好是含0.1~95%,固体或液体辅料含量为1~99.9%,最好为5~99.9%,表面活性剂的含量在组合物中可以是0~25%,最好为0.1~20%(所有百分数均以重量计)。由于市售的产品优选为浓液的形式,所以终用户通常使用稀释的配方,这使有效成分的浓度大大降低。有代表性的使用浓度为0.1~1000ppm,最好为0.1~500ppm。有效成分的使用量为每公顷1~1000g,最好是25~500g/公顷。
下面的组合物是特别优选的配方(均以重量计)
可乳化的浓液.
有效成分  1~90%,优选为5~20%
表面活性剂  1~30%,优选为10~20%
液体载体  5~94%,优选为70~85%
粉尘剂:
有效成分  0.1~10%,优选为0.1~1%
固体载体  99.9~90%,优选为99.9~99%
悬浮性浓液.
有效成分  5~75%,优选为10~50%
水  94~24%,优选为88~30%
表面活性剂  1~40%,优选为2~30%
可湿性粉剂.
有效成分  0.5~90%,优选为1~80%
表面活性剂  0.5~20%,优选为1~15%
固体载体  5~95%,优选为15~90%
颗粒剂:
有效成分  0.5~30%,优选为3~15%
固体载体  99.5~70%,优选为97~85%
该组合物也可含另外的辅料,例如稳定剂,如植物油或环氧乙烷化的植物油(例如环氧乙烷化的椰子油,菜油或豆油),防沫剂,例如硅油,防腐剂,粘度调节剂,结合剂和/或粘合剂,以及肥料或其它有特定作用的成分。
下列的实施例对本发明加以说明,但不限制本发明。温度为摄氏度。
制备实施例
实施例P1:4-氯-4,4-二氟-N-2-吡啶基丁酰胺(表1,化合物№.1.1)。
Figure 921126050_IMG27
4.0g4-氯-4,4-二氟丁酰氯于0°半小时内滴加到2.13g2-氨基吡啶和4.47g吡啶于50ml甲苯的溶液中,室温下搅拌该混合物16h,用150ml乙醚稀释,先后用饱和NaHCO3溶液和饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,MgSO4干燥,蒸发浓缩,剩余物用甲苯/己烷重结晶,得本标题化合物,mp.64~65°。
实施例P2:用类似于实施例P1所述的方法,也可以制备下面表1中所列的式Ⅰ的其它化合物。表头中的“物理数据”是指所述化合物的熔点。
制剂实施例(均以重量百分数计)
实施例F1:可乳化浓液  a)  b)  c)
化合物№.1.1  25%  40%  50%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙  5%  8%  6%
蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚  5%  -  -
(36mol环氧乙烷)
三丁基酚聚乙二醇醚  -  12%  4%
(30mol环氧乙烷)
环已酮  -  15%  20%
二甲苯混合物  65%  25%  20%
该浓液用水稀释可得到各种所需浓度的乳液。
实施例F2:溶液  a)  b)  c)  d)
化合物№.1.12  80%  10%  5%  95%
乙二醇独甲醚  20%  -  -  -
聚乙二醇  -  70%  -  -
(分子量400)
N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮  -  20%  -  -
环氧乙烷化的椰子油  -  -  1%  5%
石油馏分(沸程
160-190℃)  -  -  94%  -
这类溶液宜于以微滴的形式使用。
实施例F3:颗粒剂  a)  b)  c)  d)
化合物№.1.1  5%  10%  8%  21%
高岭土  94%  -  79%  54%
强分散的硅酸  1%  -  13%  7%
活性白土  -  90%  -  18%
有效成分溶于二氯甲烷,溶液喷撒在载体上,最后将溶剂真空蒸发。
实施例F4:粉尘剂  a)  b)
化合物№.1.31  2%  5%
强分散的硅酸  1%  5%
滑石  97%  -
高岭土  -  90%
即用型粉尘剂的制备是将载体与有效成分充分地混合
实施例F5:可湿性粉剂  a)  b)  c)
化合物№.1.1  25%  50%  75%
木磺酸钠  5%  5%  -
硫酸十二烷酯钠  3%  -  5%
二异丁基萘磺酸钠  -  6%  10%
辛基酚聚乙二醇醚
(7~8mol环氧乙烷)  -  2%  -
强分散的硅酸  5%  10%  10%
高岭土  62%  27%  -
有效成分与辅料混合,将混合物于适宜的磨机中充分研磨,得到的可湿性粉剂可用水稀释成所需浓度的悬浮液。
实施例F6:可乳化浓液
化合物№.1.1  10%
辛基酚聚乙二醇醚
(4-5mol环氧乙烷)  3%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙  3%
蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚
(36mol环氧乙烷)  4%
环己酮  30%
二甲苯混合物  50%
该浓液用水稀释可得到各种所需浓度的乳剂
实施例F7:粉尘剂  a)  b)
化合物№.1.12  5%  8%
滑石  95%  -
高岭土  -  92%
即用型粉尘剂的制备是将有效成分与载体混合,並于适宜的磨机中研磨。
实施例F8:挤压颗粒剂
化合物№.1.1  10%
木磺酸钠  2%
羧甲基纤维素  1%
高岭土  87%
有效成分与辅料混合並研磨,该混合物用水湿润后挤压制粒,然后用流通空气干燥。
实施例F9:包衣颗粒剂
化合物№.1.31  3%
聚乙二醇(分子量200)  3%
高岭土  94%
将精细研磨的有效成分均匀地在混合器内与用聚乙二醇湿润的高岭土混合,这样可得到非粉尘性的包衣颗粒。
实施例F10:悬浮性浓液
化合物№.1.1  40%
乙二醇  10%
壬基酚聚乙二醇醚
(15mol环氧乙烷)  6%
木磺酸钠  10%
羧甲基纤维素  1%
37%甲醛水溶液  0.2%
75%的硅油水性乳液  0.8%
水  32%
将精细研磨的有效成分与辅料充分地混合,得到的悬浮性浓液经水稀释可以得到各种所需浓度的悬浮液。
生物学实施例
实施例B1:对微小牛蜱的作用
用血喂饱的雌蜱成虫固定在聚氯乙烯盘中,用棉-毛签敷盖,将含有125ppm受试化合物的水溶液倾倒在受试生物体上。处理毕,除去棉-毛签,将蜱孵化4周,直至产卵,对微小牛蜱的活性可用对雌蜱的杀灭率或不孕性或杀卵作用表示。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物1.1,1.8,1.12,1.14,1.18,1.25,1.26,1.31,1.47,1.54,1.57和1.61的有效率超过80%。
实施例B2:对Crocidolmia  Binotalis毛虫的作用
用含有400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合物喷在小洋白菜植株上。喷洒液敷盖並干后,每棵植株放养10条三龄期Crocidolmia  Binotails毛虫,並移至塑料容器中。3日后评价效果。通过比较处理过的和未处理过植株上死蠋数和摄食损伤,来确定虫口减低的百分率和摄食损伤减低的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物№.1.25的有效率超过80%。
实施例B3:对红肾圆盾蚧的作用
马铃薯块茎上放养红肾圆盾蚧(即红柑桔介壳虫),大约两周后将马铃薯浸渍于含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂或悬浮液的喷洒混合物中。处理后的马铃薯块茎干后,放入塑料容器中孵化。10-12周后与未经处理的对照组中介壳虫虫口第一代后代的虱的存活数相比较,评价受试物的活性。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性。特别是化合物1.1,1.2,1.12,1.14,1.18,1.23和1.58的有效率超过80%。
实施例A4:对褐飞虱的作用
含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合液处理水稻植株。喷洒液敷盖层干后,水稻植株上放养L2和L3龄期的蝉幼虫。21日后评价结果。比较经处理的植株和未被处理的植株上蝉的存活数,确定虫口减少的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物№。
1.1,1.2,1.7,1.8,1.12,1.14,1.18,1.23,1.25,1.27,1.29,1.31,1.34,1.47,1.52,1.54,1.57,1.58,1.61和1.62的有效率超过80%。
实施例B5:对棉叶螨的作用
大豆幼生植株放养棉叶螨混合虫体,一日后用含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合液喷洒,植株于25℃温育6日后评价结果,比较受处理的和未被处理植株上死卵、死幼虫和死成虫的数目,确定虫口减低的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性。特别是化合物№.1.1,1.2,1.8,1.12,1.18,1.25,1.34和1.53的有效率超过80%。
实施例B6:对墨西哥棉铃象的作用
幼棉植株喷洒以含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合物。喷洒物敷盖层干后,每个棉株上放养10条墨西哥棉铃象成虫,並移放于塑料容器内。三天后评价结果。比较受处理植株和未处理植株上死甲虫数和摄食损害数来确定虫口减低的百分率和摄食损伤减低的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性。特别是化合物1.1,1.7,1.12,1.23,1.25,1.31,1.52,1.54和1.58的有效率超过80%。
实施例B7:对东方豆蚜的作用
豌豆秧苗用东方豆蚜感染后,喷洒以含400ppm受试化合物的喷洒混合物,于20℃保温。3日和6日后评价结果。比较经处理的植株和未经处理植株上死蚜虫的数目,确定虫口减少的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性。特别是化合物1.1,1.7,1.8,1.12,1.15,1.23,1.57,1.58和1.62的有效率超过80%。
实施例B8:对桃蚜的系统作用
豌豆秧苗被桃蚜感染后,连根喷洒以含400ppm受试化合物的喷洒混合物,20℃保温。第3和6日后评价结果,比较经处理的植株和未经处理植株上死蚜虫的数目,确定虫口少的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物1.1,1.2,1.12,1.15和1.23的有效率超过80%。
实施例B9:对褐飞虱的系统作用
盛水稻植株的罐子放于含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂溶液中,然后在水稻植株上放养L2和L3龄幼虫。6日后评价结果,比较经处理的和未经处理的植株上蝉的数目,确定虫口减少的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对此试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物1.1,1.2,1.7,1.8,1.12,1.14,1.15,1.18,1.23,1.25,1.26,1.27,1.28,1.29,1.31,1.34,1.47,1.49,1.52,1.53,1.54,1.57,1.58,1.61和1。62即使在12.5ppm下有效率仍在80%以上。
实施例B10:对烟芽夜蛾的杀卵/杀幼虫作用
对在棉植株上烟芽夜蛾的卵积块喷洒以含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合物,8日后评价其结果与未被处理的对照组卵孵化的百分率和蠋的存活率(虫口减少的百分率)。
表1中的化合物对此试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物1.1,1.2,1.7,1.8,1.12,1.15,1.18,1.23,1.25,1.26,1.27,1.31,1.45,1.47,1.49,1.52,1.57,1.58和1.62的有效率在80%以上。
实施例B11:对黑尾夜蝉的系统作用
盛水稻植株的罐子放于含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂溶液中。然后在水稻植株上放养L2和L3龄幼虫。6日后评价结果。比较经处理的和未经处理植株上蝉的数目,确定虫口减少的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对比试验有良好的活性。特别是化合物NO.1.7,1.18,1.23,1.25,1.58的有效率超过80%。
实施例B12:对烟芽夜蛾蠋的作用
用含有400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合物喷洒在大豆的幼生植株上,喷洒液敷盖层干后,每棵植株放养10条一龄期的烟芽夜蛾蠋,並移至塑料容器中,6日后评价结果,通过对处理过的和未经处理过的植株上死蠋数和摄食损伤,来确定虫口减少的百分率和摄食损伤减少的百分率(%作用)。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物№.1.1,1.7,1.12,1.23和1.58的有效率超过80%。
实施例B13:对黑尾夜蝉的作用
含400ppm受试化合物的水性乳剂喷洒混合液处理水稻植株。喷洒液敷盖层干后,在水稻植株上放养L2和L3龄期的蝉幼虫。21日后评价结果。比较经处理过的植株和未被处理的植株上蝉的存活数,确定虫口减少的百分率。
表1中的化合物对本试验有良好的活性,特别是化合物№。1.1,1.18,1.23,1.25,1.29,1.31,1.34,1.52,1.58和1.62的有效率超过80%。
Figure 921126050_IMG28
Figure 921126050_IMG30
Figure 921126050_IMG32
Figure 921126050_IMG33
Figure 921126050_IMG34
Figure 921126050_IMG35

Claims (29)

1、式Ⅰ的游离化合物或其盐
Figure 921126050_IMG2
式中
A是取代的或未取代的芳香或非芳香性的,单环或双环的杂环基,
A以碳原子与X相连结;
R1和R2彼此独立地是氢或C1-C6-烷基;
X是NR3,O或S;
R3是氢或C1-C4-烷基。
2、按照权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物,该化合物为游离形式。
3、按照权利要求2的式Ⅰ化合物,其中R1是氢。
4、按照权利要求2的式Ⅰ化合物,其中R2是氢。
5、按照权利要求2的式Ⅰ化合物,其中X是NR3或S,R3是氢或C1-C4-烷基。
6、按照权利要求2的式Ⅰ化合物,其中基团A以其碳原子与X相连结,A选自如下的基团:
Figure 921126050_IMG3
A未被取代,或带有如下的一个、二个、三个或四个取代基:卤素,C1-C6-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1-C4-卤代烷基,C1-C4-烷氧基,含有1~9个卤原子C1-C4-卤代烷氧基,硝基,氰基,C1-C4-烷氧羰基,二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基,苯基,苄基,吡啶基,噻吩基以及被单取代的苯基、苄基、吡啶基和噻吩基,单取代基有:卤素、C1-C4-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1-C4-卤代烷基,C1-C4-烷氧基、硝基或氰基。
7、按照权利要求6的式Ⅰ化合物,其中基团A以其碳原子与X相连结,A选自如下的基团:
Figure 921126050_IMG4
A未被取代,或带有如下的一个或二个取代基:卤素,C1-C6-烷基,含有1-9个卤原子的C1-C4卤代烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1-C4-卤代烷氧基,硝基,氰基,C1-C4-烷氧羰基,二(C1-C4-烷基)氨基,苯基,苄基,吡啶基,噻吩基以及被单取代的苯基苄基、吡啶基和噻吩基,单取代基有:卤素,C1-C4-烷基,含有1~9个卤原子的C1-C4-卤代烷基,C1-C4-烷氧基,硝基或氰基。
8、按照权利要求6的式Ⅰ化合物,其中基团A以其碳原子与X相连结,A选自如下基团:
Figure 921126050_IMG5
A未被取代,或带有如下的一个、二个或三个取代基:卤素,C1-C6-烷基,硝基,苯基,吡啶基和噻吩基。
9、按照权利要求6的式Ⅰ化合物,其中基团A选自如下的基团:
2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基,2-嘧啶基,2-吡嗪基,2-噻唑基,3-异噁唑基,1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基,2-苯并噁唑基,2-苯并噻唑基,3-喹啉基,这些基团或未被取代,或被卤素、甲基、吡啶基或噻吩基单取代。
10、按照权利要求9的式Ⅰ化合物,其中基团A是未被取代的2-吡啶基或未被取代的2-噻唑基。
11、按照权利要求9的式Ⅰ化合物,其中R1为氢,R2为氢,X为NH或S,基团A是选自如下的基团:2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基,2-嘧啶基,2-吡嗪基,2-噻唑基,3-异噁唑基,1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基,2-苯并噁唑基,2-苯并噻唑基和3-喹啉基,这些基团或未被取代,或被卤素、甲基、吡啶或噻吩基单取代。
12、按照权利要求11的式Ⅰ化合物,其中R1是氢,R2是氢,X是NH,基团A是未取代的2-吡啶基或未取代的2-噻唑基。
13、按照权利要求12的下式化合物
14、按照权利要求11的下式化合物
Figure 921126050_IMG7
15、按照权利要求11的下式化合物
16、按照权利要求11的下式化合物
17、按照权利要求11的下式化合物
Figure 921126050_IMG10
18、按照权利要求12的下式化合物
Figure 921126050_IMG11
19、制备权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物的游离形式或盐的方法,其中包括:
a)在碱的存在下式Ⅱ的化合物与式Ⅲ化合物或其盐反应
式中R1和R2,A和X的定义与式Ⅰ的相同,Hal为卤素,优选为氯或溴;或
b)在缩合剂存在下,式Ⅳ的化合物与式Ⅲ化合物或其盐反应
Figure 921126050_IMG13
式中R1和R2的定义与式Ⅰ的相同,或
c)式Ⅴ的化合物与式Ⅲ化合物或其盐反应,
Figure 921126050_IMG14
式中R1和R2的定义与式Ⅰ的相同,
在每种情况下如果需要,可将该方法得到的式Ⅰ的游离化合物转变成盐,或将该方法得到的式Ⅰ化合物的盐转变成式Ⅰ的游离化合物,或转变成不同的盐。
20、一种含有至少一种权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物作为活性成分和至少一种辅助剂的杀虫组合物,该化合物为游离形式,或为农业化学上可接受的盐的形式。
21、按照权利要求20的组合物,它用于控制昆虫和(或)螨。
22、按照权利要求20的组合物的制备方法,其中有效成分与辅料充分地混合。
23、权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物以游离形式或以农业化学上可接受的盐的用途或者权利要求20的控制害虫组合物的用途。
24、按照权利要求23的用途,用于控制昆虫和(或)螨。
25、按照权利要求23的用途用于处理种子。
26、一种控制害虫的方法,其中将权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物以游离形式或农业化学上可接受的盐作为有效成分施用于害虫或其发生地。
27、按照权利要求26的方法,控制昆虫和(或)螨。
28、按照权利要求26的方法,处理种子或施于垄沟以保护种子。
29、用权利要求28所述的方法处理的种子。
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