CN107211948A - 怀孕母兔的饲养管理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种怀孕母兔的饲养管理方法,包括:(1)母兔交配怀孕以后,对母兔进行配种登记,计算出其预产期,将配种记录挂在笼前;(2)调剂母兔的营养,避免母兔营养供给过多导致肥胖;(3)减少各种应激;(4)在怀孕的第15天,给母兔接种葡萄球菌疫苗;(5)母兔产前3天,每天喂10~15粒煮黄豆,并伴服母仔安10~15克,分娩前1天注射敌菌锐克。本发明方法可以增进母体健康,提高泌乳量,促进胎儿和仔兔的生长发育。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物饲养领域,具体涉及一种怀孕母兔的饲养管理方法。
背景技术
母兔怀孕期就是指配种怀孕到分娩的一段时期。母兔在怀孕期间所需的营养物质,除维持本身需要外,还要满足胚胎、乳腺发育和子宫增长的需要。所以,需消耗大量的营养物质。据测定,体重3千克的母兔,胎儿和胎盘的总重量可达650克以上。其中,干物质为16.5%,蛋白质为10.5%,脂肪为4.5%,无机盐为2%。21日胎龄时,胎儿体内的蛋白质含量为8.5%,27日龄时为10.2%,初生时为12.6%。与此同时,怀孕母兔体内的代谢速度也随胚胎发育而增强。因此,怀孕母兔饲养管理的好坏直接关系到仔兔出生后体质壮与不壮,成活率高与不高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷,提供了一种怀孕母兔的饲养管理方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
怀孕母兔的饲养管理方法,包括:
(1)母兔交配怀孕以后,对母兔进行配种登记,计算出其预产期,将配种记录挂在笼前;
(2)调剂母兔的营养,避免母兔营养供给过多导致肥胖;
(3)减少各种应激;
(4)在怀孕的第15天,给母兔接种葡萄球菌疫苗;
(5)母兔产前3天,每天喂10~15粒煮黄豆,并伴服母仔安10~15克,分娩前1天注射敌菌锐克。
优选地,母兔的营养调剂分为三个阶段:
第一阶段:配种后的当天到怀胎的第17天,其营养调剂分两种情况,第一种情况,母兔体况好,膘情好,则做到喂、喂量、喂时三不变,夜里增喂青草,冬季增喂胡萝卜即可;第二种情况:母兔腰情差,应从配种当天开始,每天增喂1次精料,喂量为30~40克,并加喂10~20粒黄豆;
第二阶段:从怀胎的第18天到第28天,所有的母兔要渐加精料,每天渐加10克,加到每天喂量达到200克为止,饲喂次数增加到4~5次;
第三阶段:怀孕第29天至第31天,逐渐减少精料的供给,增加青料的供给。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一、
妊娠母兔的生理特点:妊娠母兔是指母兔配种受胎到分娩这期间的母兔,从配种到分娩一般31天,也有提前或延后1-2天的。
母兔妊娠大体分为三个阶段:胚胎期(1-12天),胎前期(13-18天)和胎儿期(19天-分娩),前两期由于胎儿绝对体重较轻,所需营养不多,此期无需提高母兔的营养水平。正常饲喂即可,此期如过分给母兔增加营养,不仅对胎儿不利,还可造成胎儿死亡。进入胎儿期后,怀孕母兔体内的能量代谢也随着胚胎发育的需要而逐渐加强,需要大量的营养物质。
检查母兔是否怀孕
A、复配检查法:母兔交配5-7天后,将母兔放入公兔笼内,若母兔沿笼逃窜、拒绝交配,或躲在一角,尾巴紧闭,发出“咕咕”的叫声,证明已受孕,反之则没有受孕。
B、摸胎检查法
这是检查母兔是否怀孕最好最准确的一种方法,一般在交配10天后进行,检查时,将母兔提出笼外,左手将其固定,右手呈“八”字形,沿腹壁后两旁轻轻触摸,如果兔腹部柔软如棉,则没有怀孕,如摸到滑动的肉球,证明正怀孕,肉球的大小同怀孕天数而异,怀孕10天左右,如兔粪粒大小,15天左右如鸡蛋黄大小,20天可触到胎儿的头部,25天后胎儿有活动表现。
二、
在家兔养殖全过程中,着重在于孕兔的护理工作,仔兔出生后体质壮与不壮,成活率高与不高,均与孕兔孕期能不能得到优质的护理有着直接关系。
(1)母兔妊娠期易发生的问题
①给孕兔乱服药,乱打针造成死胎;
②随意捕捉摸胎造成流产;
③意外惊吓造成流产;
④饲养方法不对,营养过低或过高,造成胎儿发育不良;
⑤针对孕兔不同情况,区别护理做得不够,使部分母兔出现弱胎。
(2)孕兔护理
①做好配种记录:母兔交配怀孕以后,要对孕兔进行配种登记,计算出其预产期,将配种记录挂在笼前。
②做好妊娠母兔的营养调剂工作
怀孕母兔的饲养上主要是供给母兔全价营养物质。根据胎儿的生长发育规律,可以采取不同的饲养水平。但是,怀孕母兔如果营养供给过多,使母兔过度肥胖,也会带来不良影响,主要表现为胎儿的床数和产后泌乳量减少。据试验,在配种后第九天观察受精卵的着床数,结果高营养水平饲养的德系长毛兔胚胎死亡率为44%,而正常营养水平饲养的只有18%。
怀孕母兔所需要的营养物质以蛋白质、无机盐和维生素为最重要。蛋白质是组成胎儿的重要营养成分,无机盐中的钙和磷是胎儿骨骼生长所必需的物质。如果饲料中蛋白质含量不足,则会引起死胎增多、仔兔初生重降低、生活力减弱。无机盐缺乏会使仔兔体质瘦弱,容易死亡。所以,保持母兔怀孕期、特别是怀孕后期的适当营养水平,对增进母体健康,提高泌乳量,促进胎儿和仔兔的生长发育具有重要作用。
第一阶段:配种后的当天到怀胎的第17天,其营养调剂分两种情况,第一种情况,母兔体况好,膘情好,则做到喂、喂量、喂时三不变,夜里增喂一些青草,冬季增喂一些胡萝卜即可。第二种情况:母兔腰情差,应从配种当天开始,每天增喂1次精料,喂量为30-40克,并加喂10-20粒黄豆。
第二阶段:从怀胎的第18天到第28天,所有的孕兔要渐加精料,每天渐加10克,加到每天喂量达到200克为止,饲喂次数增加到4-5次,最好在夜里9点左右增加喂料1次。
第三阶段:怀孕第29天至第31天,即产前3天,开始减精加青,即逐渐减少精料的供给,按每天50克的速度递减,如果每天饲喂200克,减料当天喂150克,第二天喂100克,第三天喂50克(其时这几天母兔已经开始停食),减料的当天多喂青料,如冬天无青料,可将青干草用10%盐水浸泡后撒上多给添加剂代替。
③做好疾病的预防工作
A、严防给母兔饲喂发霉、冰冻、变质饲料,冬季禁饮冰水,尽量避免打针、喂药
B、为防止母兔产后得乳腺炎,在怀孕的第15天,给母兔接种葡萄球菌疫苗,每兔2ml,产后的当天给母兔接种巴波二联灭活菌苗,以增加母兔的抗体,增加仔兔的抗病能力。
④加强管理,减少各种应激
A、减少捕捉
B、尽量避免兔打针用药
C、严禁猫、狗等动物和噪音惊扰。
三、母兔的接产
母兔分娩时,如果护理不好,容易造成仔兔意外伤亡。
(1)母兔分娩时容易出现的问题及后果:
第一、由于接产不及时,造成仔兔被母兔咬伤、咬残、践踏或被吞食而死亡;
第二、仔兔产到产箱外边,有的被冻死,有的卡在笼底板上,有的漏在粪沟里;
第三、初生的兔没有吃到初乳,母兔不喂奶或无奶,导致仔兔死亡;
第四、仔兔呼吸道清理不及时造成窒息死亡;
第五、仔兔被野猫、老鼠伤害死亡。
(2)做好接产
①备好产箱:一定要使用封闭式产箱,用过的产箱要提前清理干净,消毒并晒干,做到产箱无菌,无异味、无杂物。
②备好垫草:垫草的质量对仔兔的发育和成活都有很大影响。
③备好产仔袋:一面是毛、一面是布的人造毛布缝制而成。
④备好药物:主要有催产素、葡萄糖酸钙注射液、庆大霉素、消毒药水及棉签。
(3)为母兔提供一个适宜的环境。一是温度,冬天室内温度必须达到15℃以上;二是安静产仔时不要有噪音干扰;三是光线、在暗光下,母兔产仔效果最好。
(4)做好预防工作
①母兔妊娠第15天,注射葡萄球菌疫苗2ml,在分娩前1天注射敌菌锐克0.5ml,产后当天注射巴波二联灭活菌苗1ml,在其笼内铺上1块纱网,防止母兔将仔兔产在箱外。
②母兔产前3天,每天喂10~15粒煮熟黄豆,防止产后无乳,并伴服母仔安10-15克。
③提前备好产箱和铺垫用的稻草并消毒好,产前3天放笼内。
(5)接产
母兔分娩时,饲养人员要守在旁,随时注意发生的各种情况,产仔时要一个安静的环境,如果受惊扰,可能产仔终止,甚至践踏,吃掉仔兔,如发现母兔有吃仔情况,应立即把仔兔取出,母兔产仔完后跳出产箱,开始喝水,这时再把产箱内的仔兔取出。
(6)产后护理
第一、仔兔全窝称重,做好记录,逐只检查是否吃上初乳,如果没有吃上初乳,在10小时之内一定要让仔兔吃上初乳。
第二、及时整理产箱,先将柔软的稻草垫在四周,再将兔拉的毛铺在底层,将小兔放入,再盖上兔毛。如果母兔没有拉毛或拉毛不多,就要人工帮助拉毛,其拉毛有催乳、培养母性,仔兔吮乳和仔兔保温的作用。
第三、母兔产完仔后,急需补充体力,可用盐糖水或豆浆送至笼内,产后最初2天,应喂鲜多法青草,少喂精料,防止消化不良和乳房炎炎。
第四、如母兔一次产仔过多,可将部分仔兔寄养在产仔比较少的窝里,两窝仔兔混在一起2-3小时后再喂奶,母兔就嗅不出异味了。
第五、仔兔吃完奶后,逐只检查,如个别没吃饱,则单独饲喂。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.怀孕母兔的饲养管理方法,包括:
(1)母兔交配怀孕以后,对母兔进行配种登记,计算出其预产期,将配种记录挂在笼前;
(2)调剂母兔的营养,避免母兔营养供给过多导致肥胖;
(3)减少各种应激;
(4)在怀孕的第15天,给母兔接种葡萄球菌疫苗;
(5)母兔产前3天,每天喂10~15粒煮黄豆,并伴服母仔安10~15克,分娩前1天注射敌菌锐克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲养管理方法,其特征在于:母兔的营养调剂分为三个阶段:
第一阶段:配种后的当天到怀胎的第17天,其营养调剂分两种情况,第一种情况,母兔体况好,膘情好,则做到喂、喂量、喂时三不变,夜里增喂青草,冬季增喂胡萝卜即可;第二种情况:母兔腰情差,应从配种当天开始,每天增喂1次精料,喂量为30~40克,并加喂10~20粒黄豆;
第二阶段:从怀胎的第18天到第28天,所有的母兔要渐加精料,每天渐加10克,加到每天喂量达到200克为止,饲喂次数增加到4~5次;
第三阶段:怀孕第29天至第31天,逐渐减少精料的供给,增加青料的供给。
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CN108077167A (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-29 | 高强 | 一种提高母兔接产成功率的方法 |
CN110089485A (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-06 | 东兰县鸿兔养殖专业合作社 | 一种母兔的催乳方法 |
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CN108077167A (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-29 | 高强 | 一种提高母兔接产成功率的方法 |
CN110089485A (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-06 | 东兰县鸿兔养殖专业合作社 | 一种母兔的催乳方法 |
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