CN107202562B - Three-coordinate measuring machine and measuring method based on multi-point support intracavity type positioning - Google Patents
Three-coordinate measuring machine and measuring method based on multi-point support intracavity type positioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN107202562B CN107202562B CN201710641470.XA CN201710641470A CN107202562B CN 107202562 B CN107202562 B CN 107202562B CN 201710641470 A CN201710641470 A CN 201710641470A CN 107202562 B CN107202562 B CN 107202562B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-coordinate measuring machine and a measuring method based on multi-point support intracavity positioning, wherein the measuring machine comprises: the measuring head, the moving mechanism, the control device and the cylindrical part positioning part; the barrel positioning portion includes: the mandrel is used for expanding and positioning the mechanism; the expansion positioning mechanism comprises a fixed limiting sleeve which is fixedly arranged on the mandrel, and the fixed limiting sleeve comprises a circumferential side wall with an outward opening; the expansion limiting sleeve is positioned outside the fixed limiting sleeve and driven to move forward and backward along the axial direction of the mandrel, and a circumferential side wall with an inward opening is arranged on the expansion limiting sleeve; the circumferential side wall can be inserted into the circumferential side wall in a matching way; and the expansion part comprises a plurality of through holes formed on the circumferential side wall and a positioning component arranged in the through holes, wherein when the circumferential side wall is inserted into the circumferential side wall, the positioning component is ejected out by the circumferential side wall and is propped against the through holes and the inner cavity of the cylindrical part to form a supporting point to realize positioning. The invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical design, in particular to a three-coordinate measuring machine based on multi-point support intracavity positioning and a measuring method.
Background
The tube-shape spare is common mechanical design product, to its diameter, circularity, straightness that hangs down, geometric dimensions such as beating and form and position tolerance's measurement, generally need measure the location to it with the help of some positioner, commonly used locate mode can roughly divide into excircle location and inner chamber location two kinds, especially when needs use the inner chamber as the benchmark, when appraising excircle parameter, just need to stabilize the support to the inner chamber, thereby can establish the axis and measure the benchmark, and, when required detection work piece length is great, more need one kind can realize that the positioner of inner chamber is fixed measures the location to the tube-shape spare. Therefore, a detection positioning tool is needed to be designed to perform measurement auxiliary positioning on the cylindrical member, so that accurate measurement of each geometric quantity is completed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-coordinate measuring machine and a measuring method based on multi-point support internal cavity type positioning, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art, and the three-coordinate measuring machine and the measuring method can realize auxiliary positioning of the geometric quantity detection of a cylindrical part.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a multi-point support intracavity positioning-based three coordinate measuring machine comprising: the measuring head is used for measuring the measured cylindrical part; a moving mechanism that moves the probe; a control device for controlling the moving mechanism; and a cylinder positioning portion for fixing the cylinder;
the cylindrical part positioning part is arranged at the top end of the marble flat plate through the V-shaped support frame, the measuring head is arranged at the bottom end of the cross beam, and the cross beam is arranged at the top end of the marble flat plate through the air floatation guide rail;
the barrel positioning portion includes: the mandrel is symmetrically arranged on the expansion positioning mechanisms at the left end and the right end of the mandrel;
the expansion positioning mechanism comprises a positioning device and a positioning device,
the fixed limiting sleeve is fixedly arranged on the mandrel, the middle part of the mandrel is taken as the inner part, the two ends of the mandrel are taken as the outer parts, the fixed limiting sleeve comprises a circumferential side wall which is opened outwards, and the circumferential side wall is annular and is coaxial with the mandrel;
the expansion limiting sleeve is positioned outside the fixed limiting sleeve and driven to move forward and backward along the axial direction of the mandrel, and a circumferential side wall with an inward opening is arranged on the expansion limiting sleeve; a circumferential sidewall matably insertable into the circumferential sidewall;
and the expansion part comprises a plurality of through holes formed on the circumferential side wall and a positioning component arranged in the through holes, wherein when the circumferential side wall is inserted into the circumferential side wall, the positioning component is ejected out by the circumferential side wall and is propped against the through holes and the inner cavity of the cylindrical part to form a supporting point to realize positioning.
Preferably, an inner taper sleeve is embedded in the through hole, the excircle of the inner taper sleeve is in interference fit with the through hole, a conical surface hole is formed in the center of the inner taper sleeve, and the positioning part is arranged in the conical surface hole.
Preferably, the large-caliber end of the conical surface hole is provided with a limiting part for preventing the positioning part from coming off.
Preferably, the expansion limiting sleeve is pushed by a locking nut, and the locking nut is in threaded connection with the mandrel.
Preferably, the number of the supporting points is three.
Preferably, the positioning component is a steel ball or an encapsulated steel ball.
Preferably, the two ends of the mandrel are provided with positioning tip holes for positioning and clamping the mandrel on the V-shaped supporting frame.
Preferably, either the inner side of the outer edge of the circumferential side wall or the outer side of the outer edge of the circumferential side wall is a tapered surface, the other is a flat surface, or both are tapered surfaces.
Preferably, the taper of the inner conical surface of the outer edge of the fixed limiting sleeve is 13-15 degrees, the outer conical surface of the outer edge of the expansion limiting sleeve comprises two conical surfaces, the taper of the first conical surface positioned at the lower part is 4-6 degrees, the taper of the second conical surface positioned at the upper part is 2-3 degrees, the first conical surface is an assembly guide cone and used for guiding, and the second conical surface is a matching taper and used for controlling the axial assembly position.
Preferably, the dabber is the step shaft, including setting up the third location section in central point and putting, the both ends of third location section are equipped with diameter second location section and the first location section that reduces in proper order, first location section is the positioning tool, supports on V type bearing frame.
Preferably, the central position of the fixed limiting sleeve is arranged at the second positioning section in an interference mode, the axial position of the fixed limiting sleeve is limited by the end face of the third positioning section, and the expansion limiting sleeve is arranged at the second positioning section in a clearance mode.
Preferably, a pressure spring is arranged between the expansion limiting sleeve and the fixed limiting sleeve and used for assisting the expansion limiting sleeve to withdraw from the fixed limiting sleeve.
In another aspect, the measuring method of the measuring machine includes the steps of:
(1) fixedly mounting a fixed limit sleeve on a mandrel, and sleeving an expansion limit sleeve on the mandrel;
(2) the positioning component is arranged in the through hole on the side wall of the peripheral side, and the expansion limiting sleeve is inserted into the fixed limiting sleeve, so that the positioning component does not protrude out of the excircle of the fixed limiting sleeve;
(3) sleeving the cylindrical part, after the positioning expansion position is determined, continuously pushing the expansion limiting sleeve into the fixed limiting sleeve until the positioning part abuts against the inner cavity of the cylindrical part, and at the moment, the cylindrical part cannot axially jump under the action of external force to realize positioning;
(4) placing the positioned cylindrical part on a V-shaped support frame, and detecting the geometric quantity of the cylindrical part;
(5) the measuring head is driven by the air-floating guide rail to carry out measurement and point collection, and the collected measurement elements are subjected to fitting operation through the control device, so that various geometric dimensions and form and position errors of the cylindrical part are finally obtained.
Preferably, in the step (1), the three inner taper sleeves are pressed into the three through holes in the side wall of the fixed limit sleeve, the outer ends of the two expansion limit sleeves are screwed into the locking nuts, the positioning component in the step (2) is a steel ball, the steel ball is placed in the conical hole of the inner taper sleeve, and in the step (2) and the step (3), the screwing-in locking nuts are introduced to realize the pushing of the expansion limit sleeve into the fixed limit sleeve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the inner taper sleeve, the movable limiting sleeve and the steel ball can realize three-point simultaneous contact positioning on the cylindrical part, so that the stress points of the cylindrical part are consistent, and the three-point circle positioning principle is met; the tool is simple in structure and convenient to install; the replaceable inner taper sleeve meets the positioning requirements of the cylindrical parts with different diameters.
2. The whole measuring process forms a special measuring program through programming, and the program is operated to automatically finish measurement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a measuring machine.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-point support positioning device for an internal cavity cylinder;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view of the mandrel structure;
FIG. 5 is a view of the structure of the fixed stop collar;
FIG. 6 is a view of the structure of the expansion stop collar;
FIG. 7 is a view of the inner taper sleeve;
FIG. 8 is a view showing the construction of a lock nut;
in the figure: 1-fixing a limiting sleeve, 2-expanding a limiting sleeve, 3-mandrel, 4-inner taper sleeve, 5-locking nut, 6-steel ball, 7-third positioning section, 8-second positioning section, 9-first positioning section, 10-through hole, 11-conical hole, 12-marble flat plate, 13-air-floating guide rail, 14-beam and 15-measuring head.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not prevent it.
As shown in FIGS. 1-8, a three-coordinate measuring machine based on multi-point support intracavity positioning comprises: a probe 15 for measuring a cylindrical member to be measured; a moving mechanism that moves the probe; a control device for controlling the moving mechanism; and a cylinder positioning portion for fixing the cylinder;
the cylindrical part positioning part is arranged at the top end of the marble flat plate 12 through a V-shaped support frame 16, the measuring head is arranged at the bottom end of a cross beam 14, and the cross beam is arranged at the top end of the marble flat plate through an air floatation guide rail 13;
the barrel positioning portion includes: the mandrel 3 is provided with expansion positioning mechanisms symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the mandrel 3; the expansion positioning mechanism comprises a fixed limiting sleeve 1, an expansion limiting sleeve 2 and an expansion part, wherein the fixed limiting sleeve 1 is fixedly arranged on a mandrel 3, the middle part of the mandrel 3 is taken as the inner part, the two ends of the mandrel are taken as the outer parts, the fixed limiting sleeve comprises a circumferential side wall which is opened outwards, and the circumferential side wall is annular and is coaxial with the mandrel; the expansion limiting sleeve 2 can move forward and backward along the axial direction of the mandrel, and the expansion limiting sleeve 2 is provided with a circumferential side wall which is opened inwards; the circumferential side wall can be inserted into the circumferential side wall in a matching mode, the expansion part comprises a plurality of through holes 10 formed in the circumferential side wall and a positioning component capable of protruding out of the through holes, and when the circumferential side wall is inserted into the circumferential side wall, the positioning component is ejected out of the circumferential side wall to form a supporting point and achieve positioning.
The expansion positioning mechanisms arranged at the left end and the right end ensure that the support balance stability of the cylindrical part is good. The fixed limiting sleeve 1 and the expansion limiting sleeve 2 are made of bearing steel materials and are quenched, so that the hardness is improved, and the wear resistance is improved.
Preferably, an inner taper sleeve 4 is embedded in the through hole 10, an outer circle of the inner taper sleeve 4 is in interference fit with the through hole 10, a taper hole is formed in the center of the inner taper sleeve 4, and the positioning part can protrude out of the taper hole. Therefore, the replaceable inner taper sleeve meets the positioning requirements of the cylindrical parts with different diameters.
The positioning component is arranged between the fixed limiting sleeve and the outer conical surface of the expansion limiting sleeve 2, and when the expansion limiting sleeve is pushed into the fixed limiting sleeve, the positioning component can protrude out of the outer wall of the fixed limiting sleeve to form a supporting point and is contacted with the inner cavity of the fixed cylindrical part.
Preferably, the large-caliber end of the conical hole is provided with a limiting part for preventing the positioning part from coming off, such as: a circlip or card. Therefore, the position of the positioning component can be preliminarily limited, and the positioning component can be prevented from falling off from the conical hole during assembly.
As a preferred scheme, the expansion limiting sleeve is pushed by a locking nut, and the locking nut is in threaded connection with the mandrel. So, can stably impel bloated tight stop collar. The front section of the inner hole of the locking nut is processed into a unthreaded hole, the measuring and positioning requirements of the cylindrical parts with different lengths are met, and the rear section of the inner hole is processed into a high-precision internal thread for matching with the external thread on the core shaft to fasten the cylindrical parts and the positioning tool.
Preferably, the number of the supporting points is three. Three points of the cylindrical part can be simultaneously contacted and positioned, so that the stress points of the cylindrical part are consistent, and the three-point circle positioning principle is met.
Preferably, the positioning component is a steel ball or an encapsulated steel ball, the diameter of the outer port of the conical surface hole is smaller than the diameter of the steel ball, and the diameter of the inner port of the conical surface hole is larger than the diameter of the steel ball. The steel ball or the rubber-coated steel ball is used for positioning, so that the positioning stability is good. And the steel ball 6 is protruded or recessed from the outer circle bus of the fixed limiting sleeve 1, so that the cylindrical part is expanded or separated, and the multi-point positioning of the cylindrical part is realized, wherein the steel ball is a standard zero-order steel ball.
Preferably, the two ends of the mandrel are provided with positioning tip holes meeting national standards for positioning and clamping the mandrel on the V-shaped support frame. The test is conveniently carried out by matching with a three-coordinate measuring machine. The mandrel 3 is ground with high precision, and after the processing is finished, the mandrel is positioned and clamped on a V-shaped supporting frame of a three-coordinate measuring machine by the center holes at two ends, and the radial runout of each diameter section is measured and is less than 0.01 mm.
Preferably, one of the inner side of the outer edge of the fixed limiting sleeve or the outer side of the outer edge of the expansion limiting sleeve is a conical surface, and the two conical surfaces are conical surfaces. The mutual matching between the conical surfaces ensures that the expansion limiting sleeve can be smoothly pushed into the expansion limiting sleeve, and the operation is convenient.
Preferably, the taper of the inner conical surface of the outer edge of the fixed limiting sleeve is 13-15 degrees, preferably 15 degrees, the outer conical surface of the outer edge of the expansion limiting sleeve comprises two conical surfaces, the taper of a first conical surface at the lower part is 2-3 degrees, preferably 2-15 degrees, the taper of a second conical surface at the upper part is 4-6 degrees, preferably 6 degrees, the first conical surface is an assembly guide cone for guiding, and the second conical surface is a matching taper for controlling the axial assembly position.
Preferably, the inner taper of the tapered hole is 10 °.
Preferably, the mandrel is a stepped shaft and comprises a third positioning section arranged at the center, a second positioning section and a first positioning section are arranged at two ends of the third positioning section, the diameters of the second positioning section and the first positioning section are sequentially reduced, and the first positioning section is a positioning tool and supported on the V-shaped bearing frame. The central position of the fixed limiting sleeve is arranged at the second positioning section in an interference mode, the axial position of the fixed limiting sleeve is limited by the end face of the third positioning section, and the expansion limiting sleeve is arranged at the second positioning section in a clearance mode. The diameter of first location section is 11mm, the diameter of second location section is 20mm, the diameter of third location section is 22 mm.
The mandrel is formed by high-precision grinding, the coaxiality of different diameter sections reaches 0.001mm level, and center processing of two end faces is provided with a tip hole meeting the national standard for grinding and positioning; and high-precision external threads are processed at the two ends and are used for being matched with the fastening nuts.
The measuring method of the measuring machine comprises the following steps:
(1) the fixed limit sleeve is fixedly arranged on the mandrel 3,
(2) the positioning component is arranged in the through hole on the side wall of the peripheral side, and the expansion limiting sleeve is inserted into the fixed limiting sleeve, so that the positioning component does not protrude out of the excircle of the fixed limiting sleeve 1;
(3) sleeving the cylindrical part, and after determining the positioning expansion position, continuing to push the expansion limiting sleeve into the fixed limiting sleeve until the cylindrical part cannot move along the axial direction under the action of external force;
(4) the positioned cylindrical part is placed on the V-shaped support frame, and the geometric quantity detection of the cylindrical part can be carried out.
(5) The measuring head is driven by the air-floating guide rail to carry out measurement and point collection, and the collected measurement elements are subjected to fitting operation through the control device, so that various geometric dimensions and form and position errors of the cylindrical part are finally obtained.
The most preferable scheme is as follows:
(1) pressing the three inner taper sleeves 4 into the three through holes 10 on the side wall of the fixed limiting sleeve 1;
(2) assembling the two fixed limiting sleeves 1 provided with the inner taper sleeves 4 with the second positioning section of the mandrel 3 in an interference manner, and axially limiting by the end face of the first positioning section of the mandrel 3; six steel balls 6 are placed in the conical hole 11 of the inner conical sleeve 4; the two expansion limiting sleeves 2 are respectively sleeved on the mandrel 3, the two ends of the mandrel are screwed into the locking nuts 5, and the screwing positions are based on the condition that the steel ball 6 does not protrude out of the excircle of the fixed limiting sleeve 1;
(3) sleeving the cylindrical part, and after determining the positioning expansion position, continuously screwing the locking nut 5 until the cylindrical part cannot axially shift under the action of external force;
(4) placing the positioned cylindrical part on a V-shaped support frame, and detecting the geometric quantity of the cylindrical part;
(5) the measuring head is driven by the air-floating guide rail to carry out measurement and point collection, and the collected measurement elements are subjected to fitting operation through the control device, so that various geometric dimensions and form and position errors of the cylindrical part are finally obtained.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A three coordinate measuring machine based on multi-point support intracavity positioning, comprising: the measuring head is used for measuring the measured cylindrical part; a moving mechanism that moves the probe; a control device for controlling the moving mechanism; and a cylinder positioning portion for fixing the cylinder;
the cylindrical part positioning part comprises a mandrel and expansion positioning mechanisms symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the mandrel;
the expansion positioning mechanism comprises a positioning device and a positioning device,
the fixed limiting sleeve is fixedly arranged on the mandrel, the middle part of the mandrel is taken as the inner part, the two ends of the mandrel are taken as the outer parts, the fixed limiting sleeve comprises a circumferential side wall which is opened outwards, and the circumferential side wall is annular and is coaxial with the mandrel;
the expansion limiting sleeve is positioned outside the fixed limiting sleeve and driven to move forward and backward along the axial direction of the mandrel, and a circumferential side wall with an inward opening is arranged on the expansion limiting sleeve; a circumferential sidewall matably insertable into the circumferential sidewall; the outer conical surface of the outer edge of the expansion limiting sleeve comprises a first conical surface positioned at the lower part and a second conical surface positioned at the upper part, the first conical surface is an assembly guide cone and used for guiding, the second conical surface is a matching cone and used for controlling the axial assembly position, one of the inner side of the outer edge of the circumferential side wall or the outer side of the outer edge of the circumferential side wall is a conical surface, the other is a plane, or both are conical surfaces;
the expansion part comprises a plurality of through holes formed on the circumferential side wall and a positioning component arranged in the through holes, wherein when the circumferential side wall is inserted into the circumferential side wall, the positioning component is ejected out by the circumferential side wall and is propped against the through holes and the inner cavity of the cylindrical part to form a supporting point to realize positioning; the mandrel is a stepped shaft and comprises a third positioning section arranged at the center, a second positioning section and a first positioning section, the diameters of the second positioning section and the first positioning section are sequentially reduced, the first positioning section is a positioning tool and is supported on a V-shaped bearing frame, the center of the fixed limiting sleeve is arranged at the second positioning section in an interference manner, the axial position of the fixed limiting sleeve is limited by the end face of the third positioning section, and the expansion limiting sleeve is arranged at the second positioning section in a clearance manner;
an inner taper sleeve is embedded in the through hole, the excircle of the inner taper sleeve is in interference fit with the through hole, a conical surface hole is formed in the center of the inner taper sleeve, and the positioning part is arranged in the conical surface hole;
and two ends of the mandrel are provided with positioning tip holes for positioning and clamping the mandrel on the V-shaped supporting frame.
2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the cylinder positioning part is arranged at the top end of the marble slab through a V-shaped support frame, the measuring head is arranged at the bottom end of a cross beam, and the cross beam is arranged right above the marble slab through an air floatation guide rail.
3. The three-coordinate measuring machine based on multi-point support internal cavity positioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the large-caliber end of the conical hole is provided with a limiting component for preventing the positioning component from coming off.
4. The machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion stop collar is pushed by a lock nut, and the lock nut is in threaded connection with the mandrel.
5. The machine of claim 1, wherein there are three support points.
6. The machine of claim 1, wherein the positioning member is a steel ball.
7. The multi-point support intracavity positioning-based three-coordinate measuring machine as recited in claim 6, wherein said steel balls are encapsulated steel balls.
8. The multi-point support internal cavity positioning-based three-coordinate measuring machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the taper of the inner conical surface of the outer edge of the fixed limiting sleeve is 13-15 °, the taper of the first conical surface at the lower part is 2-3 °, and the taper of the second conical surface at the upper part is 4-6 °.
9. The three-coordinate measuring machine based on multi-point support intracavity positioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein a compression spring is arranged between the expansion limiting sleeve and the fixed limiting sleeve, and the compression spring is used for assisting the expansion limiting sleeve to withdraw from the fixed limiting sleeve.
10. The measurement method of the three-coordinate measuring machine based on the multi-point support intracavity positioning as claimed in claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fixedly mounting a fixed limit sleeve on a mandrel, and sleeving an expansion limit sleeve on the mandrel;
(2) the positioning component is arranged in the through hole on the side wall of the peripheral side, and the expansion limiting sleeve is inserted into the fixed limiting sleeve, so that the positioning component does not protrude out of the excircle of the fixed limiting sleeve;
(3) sleeving the cylindrical part, after the positioning expansion position is determined, continuously pushing the expansion limiting sleeve into the fixed limiting sleeve until the positioning part abuts against the inner cavity of the cylindrical part, and at the moment, the cylindrical part cannot axially jump under the action of external force to realize positioning;
(4) placing the positioned cylindrical part on a V-shaped support frame, and detecting the geometric quantity of the cylindrical part;
(5) the measuring head is driven by the air-floating guide rail to carry out measurement and point collection, and the collected measurement elements are subjected to fitting operation through the control device, so that various geometric dimensions and form and position errors of the cylindrical part are finally obtained.
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| CN201710641470.XA CN107202562B (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2017-07-31 | Three-coordinate measuring machine and measuring method based on multi-point support intracavity type positioning |
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| CN201710641470.XA CN107202562B (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2017-07-31 | Three-coordinate measuring machine and measuring method based on multi-point support intracavity type positioning |
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| CN107202562B true CN107202562B (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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| CN108340300A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-31 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Thin wall special-shaped tube wave peak maximum wall thickness measuring positioning device and its localization method |
| CN113945176A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-18 | 合肥昱驰真空技术有限公司 | Impeller size detection device |
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