CN107193050A - The absolute gravity measurement optical system and method for a kind of pair of freely falling body - Google Patents
The absolute gravity measurement optical system and method for a kind of pair of freely falling body Download PDFInfo
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- CN107193050A CN107193050A CN201710357374.2A CN201710357374A CN107193050A CN 107193050 A CN107193050 A CN 107193050A CN 201710357374 A CN201710357374 A CN 201710357374A CN 107193050 A CN107193050 A CN 107193050A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the absolute gravity measurement optical system of a kind of pair of freely falling body, including LASER Light Source, falling bodies mechanism, upper vacuum chamber, lower vacuum chamber and the interferometer being arranged between vacuum chamber and lower vacuum chamber；The falling bodies mechanism includes two identical, the corresponding upper falling bodies prisms and lower falling bodies prism that are separately positioned in upper and lower two vacuum chamber；The interferometer includes the first interference system, the second interference system and the 3rd interference system；The LASER Light Source is injected after interferometer, after the first interference system, the second interference system and the 3rd interference system, three interference signals is produced, for calculating absolute gravity true value.Present invention also offers measuring method corresponding with the system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to, the absolute gravity measurement optical system of particularly a kind of pair freely falling body, the invention further relates to one
The absolute gravity measurement method of double freely falling bodies is planted, belongs to high-precision absolute gravity measurement field.
Background technology
At present, high-precision absolute gravimeter be begun one's study in the world from the seventies a kind of light harvesting, electricity, computer,
Vacuum technique in detection Vertical ground motion, describes earth's surface mass redistribution, prediction whole world sea in the precision instrument of integration
The science such as plane lifting, the drift of demarcation relative gravity instrument, mineral products detection, airmanship and national defense construction field, which have, widely should
With.Since 1960s, with survey of deep space and the high speed development of missilery, every field is to high-precision absolute gravity
The requirement of measurement is also constantly improved, and countries in the world all increase the input studied absolute gravimeter.Common at present is absolute
Gravimeter model includes the JILA type absolute gravimeters in the U.S., and the FG5 absolute gravimeters and A10 flow models of Micro-g companies are exhausted
To gravimeter, the German MPG type absolute gravimeters of Italian IMGC types absolute gravimeter, Russian GABL type absolute gravities
Instrument and the NIM type absolute gravimeters of China.Absolute gravimeter operation principle includes freely falling body method, upthrow method etc., freely falls
The principle of body method is to determine distance when falling bodies do free-falling in gravitational field using laser interferometer, by rubidium atom
Clock determines the time of free-falling, then according to formulaTry to achieve the numerical values recited of absolute gravity.Upthrow method is substantially same
Freely falling body method is similar, different modes is simply taken in measuring route, so as to eliminate vacuum resistance, electrostatic force etc. draws
The systematic error risen.But it is complicated that the big projectile mechanism of error is shaken caused by projectile, therefore, common at present is high-precision absolute
What gravimeter was largely used is all freely falling body method.
The operation principle of free fall type absolute gravimeter is as follows：Allow a prism of corner cube as falling bodies in high vacuum from
By falling, using measurements by laser interferometry prism of corner cube distance of fall S, under being measured accordingly using the synchronous clock signal of atomic clock
Fall time t, finally, with least square fitting survey obtain apart from S and time value t, add earth tide, air pressure, Ghandler motion
Deng items correction, the gravity acceleration value of measured point is obtained, wherein, it is multiplied by laser half-wavelength equal to number of interference fringes N apart from S
λ/2, its uncertainty is ensured by the uncertainty of laser；The uncertainty of free-fall time is not by the true of atomic clock
Fixed degree is ensured.Simplified freely falling body distance of fall and the theoretical relationship of time beAt this
During, error derives from many aspects, including measurement error caused by the vibration of the earth, and falling objects photocentre barycenter is misaligned
The error brought, error that vacuum chamber residual gas molecule is brought for falling objects inhibition etc..Due to freely falling body
Method is to discharge bracket after falling bodies are promoted into certain height by bracket to the control mode of falling bodies, allows falling bodies to do free-falling
Motion, the drive force source of such falling bodies servo tracking mechanism is just into the vibration source of whole measuring system.Therefore, in falling
During system self-vibration be inevitably present, this vibration will introduce system for high-precision absolute measurement that precision is 10-8 magnitudes
System error, simultaneously, it is contemplated that this error is that vibration is produced with the coupling on ground, with the difference of measuring point underground structure, coupling
The vibration mode produced afterwards is different, has a strong impact on application of the absolute gravimeter in mobile observation, presently the most successful shock insulation
Method, " super spring " active isolation systems exactly proposed by Micro-g companies.
Except the absolute value of acceleration of gravity, gravity gradient value also has very high researching value, often through gravity ladder
Spend instrument measurement.Gravity gradiometer can be divided into gravimeter based on differential accelerometer and based on moment of torsion according to the difference of principle
Gravity gradiometer.In view of torque measuring method, time-consuming, and stability is poor, and is vulnerable to the influence of hypsography, so, difference
Accelerometer gravimeter is the instrument of the most frequently used measurement gravity gradient in the world at present[1].With laser technology and intervening atom
Booming, the core researched and developed also as scholars' research of laser interference gravity gradiometer of technology.Invention person
Possess the gravimeter research experience of decades with its team, and cooperated in 2012 to grind with Institute of Geophosics of China Earthquake Administration
Chinese First " the earth's surface vertical gradient of gravity measuring system based on laser interferance method " is made.The program is by the vacuum of gravimeter
Chamber be divided into above and below two parts, each section all contain a set of falling bodies, bracket and guide rail, gear, rack are passed through using a motor
Ensure that vertical interval is moved up and down vertically simultaneously for 50cm two falling bodies, be synchronized with the movement so that alignment error and foozle institute
The radial load caused is offset, and has ensured the stability of a whole set of unit.Result of the test finds the same of former double falling bodies free-fallings
Up rightness of rigidity and double optical paths between step property, reference point and each optical component etc. is to influence the weight of its measurement accuracy
Want factor[2].However, in this scheme, in order to which two sets of light paths are independent of each other completely above and below ensureing, two falling bodies are except vertical
Direction has distance outer, also there is nearly 10cm gap in the horizontal direction, and designer thinks this error to result in the calculation
Influence is little, is ignored, if in fact thinking further to improve the precision of instrument, it is necessary to solve this problem.
In summary, after pertinent literature and summary and induction the absolute gravity measurement experience of decades is consulted, this patent
A kind of new absolute gravity measurement method and absolute gravimeter optical system are proposed, will two single absolute gravimeters companies
It is connected on same and is divided into two upper and lower vacuum chambers and synchronously carries out whereabouts measurement, the whereabouts between two vacuum chambers of measurement
Distance, the reference point of two falling bodies distance of falls of measurement is same point, overcomes the stiff problem between each optical component, interferometer
Three kinds of sampling processings are carried out for free-falling campaign, so as to eliminate the error that ground vibration is brought, high-acruracy survey are realized.
This absolute gravity measurement method can try to achieve the absolute value and Grad of acceleration of gravity simultaneously, greatly improve operating efficiency.
Bibliography：
[1] Wu Qiong, Teng Yuntian, Zhang Bing, present Research [J] the physical prospectings of a great waves worldwide gravimetric gradient former are visited with changing, and 37
(5),2013.
[2] Wu Qiong, Teng Yuntian, Zhang Bing, Guo have earth's surface vertical gradient of gravity measuring systems of the light based on laser interferance method to set
Meter and experiment [J] earthquake journals, 38 (5), 2016.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of double freely falling body absolute gravity measurement methods of laser and its light path system, improve exhausted
To gravimetric precision, reliability is enhanced.
To achieve these goals, in a first aspect, the present invention provides the absolute gravity measurement optics of a kind of pair of freely falling body
System, including LASER Light Source, falling bodies mechanism, upper vacuum chamber, lower vacuum chamber and be arranged between vacuum chamber and lower vacuum chamber
Interferometer；
The falling bodies mechanism include two it is identical, corresponding be separately positioned in upper and lower two vacuum chamber on fall
Body prism and lower falling bodies prism；
The interferometer includes the first interference system, the second interference system and the 3rd interference system；The LASER Light Source is penetrated
Enter after interferometer, first that gravity acceleration value for calculating upper falling bodies prism point is produced by the first interference system is dry
Signal is related to, second that absolute gravity acceleration magnitude for calculating lower falling bodies prism point is produced by the second interference system is dry
Signal is related to, is produced by the 3rd interference system for calculating the weight between upper falling bodies prism point and lower falling bodies prism point
3rd interference signal of power acceleration Grad.
Preferably, the upper falling bodies prism and lower falling bodies prism are done freely to fall by the driving of same set of servo control system
Body is moved.
Preferably, first interference system includes the first spectroscope, the second spectroscope, the 3rd spectroscope, the 4th light splitting
Below mirror, the first reflective mirror, the second reflective mirror, reference prism and the first photelectric receiver, the position relationship satisfaction of each element
Light transmission path：Lasing light emitter sends a laser, and two-beam is divided into after the first spectroscope, and wherein light beam passes through
Incident second spectroscope after one speculum, light is again divided into two-beam on the second spectroscope surface, and wherein reflected light is through upper true
In empty room after upper falling bodies prism and reference prism reflection, then by the second reflective mirror and the 4th spectroscopical reflection, finally with the
One spectroscopical transmitted light is intersected in the 3rd spectroscope, forms interference and is received by the first photelectric receiver；
Second interference system includes the first spectroscope, the 5th spectroscope, the 6th spectroscope, the 7th spectroscope, the 4th
Reflective mirror, reference prism and the second photelectric receiver, the position relationship of each element meet following light transmission path：By institute
Other point is stated after incident 6th spectroscope of another beam in the two-beam being divided into after the first spectroscope, the spectroscope of laser light incident the 6th
For two-way, be directly projected to all the way on the 7th spectroscope, another road by lower falling bodies prism, reference prism, the 4th reflective mirror and
Interfere after 5th spectroscope with transmitted light formation, received by the second photelectric receiver；
3rd interference system includes the 5th spectroscope and the 3rd photelectric receiver, and laser is by falling in upper vacuum chamber
Light and be finally intersected in by the light of falling bodies prism under lower vacuum chamber and reference prism reflection that body prism and reference prism reflect
5th spectroscope, and the interference fringe formed on this spectroscope is received by the 3rd photoelectric sensor.
Preferably, the reference prism of the interferometer is integral structure, including two sub- prisms, and the two photocentre up and down
Overlap.
Preferably, the LASER Light Source, each spectroscope, each reflective mirror and reference prism are consolidated using rigidly connected mode
It is fixed.
Second aspect, the present invention also provides the absolute gravity measurement measuring method of a kind of pair of freely falling body, uses the
Systematic survey absolute gravity acceleration true value described in one side, absolute gravity acceleration true value is installed equation below and calculated：
Wherein：
gouIt is absolute gravity acceleration true value, gcuIt is the gravity acceleration value of upper falling bodies prism point, gcdIt is lower falling bodies
The gravity acceleration value of prism point, gηAccelerate for the gravity between upper falling bodies prism point and lower falling bodies prism point
Grad is spent, the above is respectively worth to be obtained according to corresponding interference signal.
A kind of double freely falling body absolute gravity measurement methods of laser and its light path system that the present invention is provided, by two individually
Absolute gravimeter is connected to same and is divided into two upper and lower vacuum chambers and synchronously carries out whereabouts measurement, measures two vacuum
Distance of fall between room, the reference point of two falling bodies distance of falls of measurement is same point, is overcome firm between each optical component
Sex chromosome mosaicism, interferometer carries out three kinds of sampling processings for free-falling campaign, so that the error that ground vibration is brought is eliminated, it is real
Existing high-acruracy survey.This absolute gravity measurement method can try to achieve the absolute value and Grad of acceleration of gravity simultaneously, carry significantly
High workload efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of the absolute gravity measurement optical system for double freely falling bodies that Fig. 1 is provided by the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
In figure：
The upper vacuum chambers of 1-；Vacuum chamber under 2-；The upper falling bodies prisms of 3-；Falling bodies prism under 4-；The spectroscopes of 11- first；12- second
Spectroscope；The spectroscopes of 13- the 3rd；The spectroscopes of 14- the 4th；The spectroscopes of 15- the 5th；The spectroscopes of 16- the 6th；The spectroscopes of 17- the 7th；
The reflective mirrors of 21- first；The reflective mirrors of 22- second；The reflective mirrors of 23- the 3rd；The reflective mirrors of 24- the 4th；31- reference prisms；The light of 41- first
Electric receiver；The photelectric receivers of 42- second；The photelectric receivers of 43- the 3rd.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention program, with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description
The present invention is described in further detail.
Before measuring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention and measuring method is described, absolute gravity acceleration is first introduced
The calculation formula of true value.
If the true value of the absolute gravity acceleration of somewhere measured point is g on the earth0, measured value is gc, drawn during measurement by vibrating
The measurement error entered is Δ g, then
gc=g0+Δg (1)
If two falling bodies are the distance synchronous vertical drops in perpendicular separation h, two measurement results can be obtained, are fallen from above
Bulk measurement obtain measurement result be:
gcu=g0u+Δgu (2)
The measurement result obtained by whereabouts bulk measurement is:
gcd=g0u+Δgd+ηh (3)
Herein, g0uFirst half absolute gravity true value, gcuAbsolute gravity acceleration magnitude, g are measured for the first halfcdFor lower half
Portion measures absolute gravity acceleration magnitude, Δ gu、ΔgdThe systematic error that upper and lower part is introduced by measurement, η are represented respectivelyhBe by
Measuring point interval h gravitational acceleration gradient value, η is the gravitational acceleration gradient value of unit length, then ηh=η × h.
Because the reference point of two falling bodies whereabouts measurement distances is same reference point, then
Δgu=Δ gd=Δ g (4)
Upper falling bodies measure the measurement result obtained:
gcu=g0u+Δg (5)
The measurement result that whereabouts bulk measurement is obtained is:
gcd=g0u+Δg+ηh (6)
Particular design is carried out to light path, interferometer is placed on to the centre of two falling bodies, reference side and measurement side error superposition,
Then have：
gη=2 Δ g+ ηh (7)
Obtained by formula (5), (6), (7)：
gcu+gcd=2g0u+gη (8)
It is derived from the absolute gravity acceleration true value without vibration interference error：
According to above formula, the embodiments of the invention provide the absolute gravity measurement optical system of a kind of pair of freely falling body,
Its light path refers to Fig. 1, by vacuum chamber be divided into above and below two parts, a complete phase is set respectively in upper and lower two vacuum chambers 1,2
Same falling bodies prism, i.e., upper falling bodies prism 3 and lower falling bodies prism 4, two falling bodies prisms are 100cm apart from H, are oppositely arranged.
Two falling bodies prisms in drive mechanism driving falling bodies mechanism do the movement of falling object simultaneously；
The LASER Light Source of laser beam emitting device is divided into two-beam, a branch of incident 6th light splitting after the first spectroscope
Mirror, another light beam incident second spectroscope after the first speculum；
Two light path principles of corresponding first interference system of upper and lower two vacuum chamber and the second interference system are consistent.
First interference system include the first spectroscope 11, the second spectroscope 12, the 3rd spectroscope 13, the 4th spectroscope 14,
First reflective mirror 21, the second reflective mirror 22, the photelectric receiver 41 of reference prism 31 and first, the position relationship of each element meet with
Under light transmission path：Lasing light emitter sends a laser, is divided into two-beam, wherein light beam after the first spectroscope 11
Incident second spectroscope 12 after the first speculum 21, light is again divided into two-beam on the surface of the second spectroscope 12, wherein
Reflected light is after upper falling bodies prism 3 in upper vacuum chamber 1 and reference prism reflection, then passes through the second reflective mirror 22 and the 4th spectroscope
14 reflection, is finally intersected in the 3rd spectroscope 13 with the transmitted light of the first spectroscope 11, forms interference by the first opto-electronic receiver
Device 41 is received.
Second interference system includes the first spectroscope 11, the 5th spectroscope 15, the 6th spectroscope 16, the 7th spectroscope
17th, the 4th reflective mirror 24, the photelectric receiver 42 of reference prism 31 and second, the position relationship of each element meet following light and passed
Defeated path：Incident 6th spectroscope 16 of another beam in the two-beam being divided into after first spectroscope 11, laser enters
Penetrate and be not divided into two-way after the 6th spectroscope 16, be directly projected to all the way on the 7th spectroscope 17, lower falling bodies prism is passed through on another road
4th, interfere after reference prism 31, the 4th reflective mirror 24 and the 5th spectroscope 15 with transmitted light formation, by the second photelectric receiver 42
Receive；
3rd interference system includes the 5th spectroscope 15 and the 3rd photelectric receiver 43, and laser passes through upper vacuum chamber 1
In the light that reflects of upper falling bodies prism 3 and reference prism 31 and pass through lower 2 time falling bodies prisms 4 of vacuum chamber and the reflection of reference prism 31
Light is finally intersected in the 5th spectroscope 15, and the interference fringe formed on this spectroscope is received by the 3rd photelectric receiver 43.
Fig. 1 gives a kind of light channel structure for meeting above-mentioned light transmission path, i.e., interferometer first layer from a left side to
Right the first reflective mirror 21 angularly disposed successively, the second spectroscope 12, the 3rd spectroscope 13 and the first photelectric receiver 41.The second layer
Angularly disposed the second reflective mirror 22, the 4th spectroscope 14 and the 3rd reflective mirror 23 successively from left to right, wherein the 3rd reflective mirror
23 incline directions are opposite with the second reflective mirror 22 and the 4th spectroscope 14.Third layer sets reference prism 31.4th layer from a left side to
Right angularly disposed the 4th reflective mirror 24 and the 5th spectroscope 15 and the 3rd photelectric receiver 43 successively.Layer 5 from left to right according to
The first spectroscope 11 of secondary setting, the 6th spectroscope 16, the 7th spectroscope 17 and the second photelectric receiver 42.Each reflection and transmission
Optical circuit path and joint it is as shown in Figure 1.
Lasing light emitter, each spectroscope, speculum and reference prism etc. are rigidly connected in the system, and falling bodies prism is in vacuum chamber
In do the movement of falling object by the driving of same set of servo control system is synchronous, so, the first photelectric receiver 41 and second
No matter in the horizontal direction also the environmental disturbances such as photelectric receiver 42 is received suffered by interference fringe ground vibration and air pressure
It is vertically oriented and keeps identical.
The photocentre for making two pieces of small reference prisms using special technique is overlapped, so no matter by which kind of vibration shadow
Ring, light incides the light path on spectroscope and the difference being directly incident between the light path on prism after falling bodies and prismatic reflection
Value is held essentially constant, and does not influence system accuracy.
Single drop test can just produce three groups of different interference fringes in the system, so try to achieve three it is different plus
Speed g；First interference mechanism and the second interference mechanism can obtain gravity acceleration value g1And g2, the 3rd interference mechanism can obtain ladder
Angle value g3；Bring formula intoThe absolute gravity acceleration magnitude g that can be corrected0。
Above to a kind of double freely falling body absolute gravity measurement methods of laser provided by the present invention and its light path system and side
Method is described in detail.Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, the above
The explanation of embodiment is only intended to the core concept for helping to understand the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the common skill of the art
For art personnel, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement and modification can also be carried out to the present invention, these change
Enter and modify to also fall into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the absolute gravity measurement optical system of a kind of pair of freely falling body, it is characterised in that including LASER Light Source, falling bodies mechanism,
Upper vacuum chamber, lower vacuum chamber and the interferometer being arranged between vacuum chamber and lower vacuum chamber；
The falling bodies mechanism includes two identical, corresponding upper falling bodies ribs being separately positioned in upper and lower two vacuum chamber
Mirror and lower falling bodies prism；
The interferometer includes the first interference system, the second interference system and the 3rd interference system；The LASER Light Source is injected dry
After interferometer, the first interference letter of the gravity acceleration value for calculating upper falling bodies prism point is produced by the first interference system
Number, the second interference letter of the absolute gravity acceleration magnitude for calculating lower falling bodies prism point is produced by the second interference system
Number, produce and add for calculating the gravity between upper falling bodies prism point and lower falling bodies prism point by the 3rd interference system
3rd interference signal of velocity gradient value.
2. the absolute gravity measurement optical system of according to claim 1 pair of freely falling body, it is characterised in that fall on described
Body prism and lower falling bodies prism do the movement of falling object by the driving of same set of servo control system.
3. the absolute gravity measurement optical system of according to claim 1 pair of freely falling body, it is characterised in that
First interference system includes the first spectroscope, the second spectroscope, the 3rd spectroscope, the 4th spectroscope, first reflective
Mirror, the second reflective mirror, reference prism and the first photelectric receiver, the position relationship of each element meet following light transmission road
Footpath：Lasing light emitter sends a laser, two-beam is divided into after the first spectroscope, wherein light beam is after the first speculum
Incident second spectroscope, light is again divided into two-beam on the second spectroscope surface, and wherein reflected light is through falling in upper vacuum chamber
It is finally spectroscopical with first after body prism and reference prism reflection, then by the second reflective mirror and the 4th spectroscopical reflection
Transmitted light is intersected in the 3rd spectroscope, forms interference and is received by the first photelectric receiver；
Second interference system includes the first spectroscope, the 5th spectroscope, the 6th spectroscope, the 7th spectroscope, the 4th reflective
Mirror, reference prism and the second photelectric receiver, the position relationship of each element meet following light transmission path：By described
It is not divided into two after incident 6th spectroscope of another beam in the two-beam being divided into after one spectroscope, the spectroscope of laser light incident the 6th
Road, is directly projected on the 7th spectroscope all the way, and lower falling bodies prism, reference prism, the 4th reflective mirror and the 5th are passed through in another road
Interfere after spectroscope with transmitted light formation, received by the second photelectric receiver；
3rd interference system includes the 5th spectroscope and the 3rd photelectric receiver, and laser passes through upper falling bodies rib in upper vacuum chamber
Light and be finally intersected in the 5th by the light of falling bodies prism under lower vacuum chamber and reference prism reflection that mirror and reference prism reflect
Spectroscope, and the interference fringe formed on this spectroscope is received by the 3rd photoelectric sensor.
4. the absolute gravity measurement optical system of according to claim 3 pair of freely falling body, it is characterised in that the interference
The reference prism of instrument is integral structure, including two sub- prisms up and down, and the two photocentre is overlapped.
5. the absolute gravity measurement optical system of according to claim 3 pair of freely falling body, it is characterised in that the laser
Light source, each spectroscope, each reflective mirror and reference prism are fixed using rigidly connected mode.
6. the absolute gravity measurement measuring method of a kind of pair of freely falling body, it is characterised in that usage right requires that 1-5 is any
Described systematic survey absolute gravity acceleration true value, absolute gravity acceleration true value is installed equation below and calculated：
Wherein：
gouIt is absolute gravity acceleration true value, gcuIt is the gravity acceleration value of upper falling bodies prism point, gcdIt is lower falling bodies prism
The gravity acceleration value of point, gηFor the acceleration of gravity ladder between upper falling bodies prism point and lower falling bodies prism point
Angle value, the above is respectively worth to be obtained according to corresponding interference signal.
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| CN109814165A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-28 | 浙江大学 | A kind of cooling miniaturization high-precision optical gravimeter of luminous power |
| CN114019573A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Gravity acceleration measuring device and method based on grid falling body method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109001830A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-12-14 | 中国计量科学研究院 | A kind of device reducing absolute gravimeter falling bodies rotation error based on Inertia Based on Torsion Pendulum Method |
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| CN114019573B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-09-26 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Gravity acceleration measuring device and method based on grid falling method |
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