CN104199116A - Method and system for measuring absolute gravity of freely falling body based on double interferometers - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring absolute gravity of freely falling body based on double interferometers Download PDFInfo
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- CN104199116A CN104199116A CN201410455839.4A CN201410455839A CN104199116A CN 104199116 A CN104199116 A CN 104199116A CN 201410455839 A CN201410455839 A CN 201410455839A CN 104199116 A CN104199116 A CN 104199116A
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for measuring absolute gravity of a freely falling body based on double interferometers. The system is provided with the interferometers which are symmetrical up and down; each interferometer comprises a fixed prism, a movable prism and a beam splitter; the interferometers are exposed to the irradiation of a laser light source of the same frequency to generate interference, respectively; the upper and lower movable prisms are arranged in the same falling body; optic centers of the upper and lower movable prisms are separated by a predetermined distance; the center of mass of the falling body is located between the two optic centers in the vertical direction. The system for measuring the absolute gravity of the freely falling body based on double interferometers is capable of eliminating the influence of deflection of the falling body on the measurement accuracy of the absolute gravity of the freely falling body. The invention also provides a method for measuring the absolute gravity of the freely falling body based on double interferometers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method based on dual interferometer, the invention still further relates to a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, belong to high precision absolute gravity measurement field.
Background technology
Accurate gravity value g is extremely important in fields such as geodetic surveying, geophysics and delicate meterings.Majority state all adopts " free-falling " method to carry out absolute gravity measurement in the world at present, its measuring principle is under high vacuum environment, the time and the distance that in vertical direction free-falling motion process, experience by measuring falling bodies, calculate gravity value g according to Newton second law.
Classical freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system adopts rubidium (or caesium) atomic frequency standard as time measurement standard, as linear measure longimetry standard, realizes accurately range finding based on Michelson interferometer principle with the laser of high stability.As shown in Figure 1, one, two prisms of interferometer are arranged in falling bodies, and as movable reflecting surface, another is fixed on interferometer, as fixed reflection surface.The beam of laser of laser instrument transmitting, after light splitting, again overlaps respectively after movable reflecting surface and fixed reflection surface reflection, interferes, and the oscillogram of interference light as shown in Figure 2.When falling bodies fall, the light path of the light beam reflecting through movable reflecting surface is changed, cause that the phase differential of two-beam changes, the distance of every whereabouts half-wavelength, interference light there will be a light and shade to change, and can realize accurate linear measure longimetry according to the number of interference fringes of record.When measurement, preset fixing fringe number, calculate fringe number according to zero crossing, measure the small time period that corresponding striped change procedure is corresponding with high-resolution time interval measuring instrucment, thereby the parameter of many groups time and distance in the movement of falling object process of acquisition falling objects, finally, by mathematics fitting of a polynomial, can calculate gravity value g.
But prism fixing in interferometer can be subject to the impact from the vertical vibration on ground in falling bodies dropping process, affects absolute gravimeter measuring accuracy.Prior art adopts overlength spring or long period seismometer to isolate the vibration on ground conventionally, or utilizes long period seismograph to pick up ground vibration situation, and the method that measurement result is compensated has improved the measuring accuracy of gravity value g greatly.
In addition, High-Precision Gravimeter Survey also can be subject to the impact of beat (falling bodies are around the rotation of self barycenter in dropping process), this phenomenon is because doing the photocentre of the movable prism of the movement of falling object in interferometer cannot accomplish to overlap completely with the barycenter of falling bodies, so decline and know from experience beat at dropping process.This impact is difficult for eliminating, and depends on the time, can, along with the wearing and tearing between falling bodies and pallet worsen increasingly, bring systematic error to measurement.Conventionally utilize job operation repeatedly adjustment the photocentre of reflecting prism in falling bodies and falling bodies barycenter are overlapped as far as possible, reduce the impact of beat, but like this job operation required very highly, and need repeated measurement, adjustment to process to obtain suitable falling bodies.
Summary of the invention
For the problem existing in background technology, the invention provides a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method based on dual interferometer, can eliminate the impact of falling bodies beat on freely falling body absolute gravity measurement precision.The present invention also provides a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer simultaneously.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, and described interferometer comprises fixed prism, movable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer interfere respectively by the LASER Light Source of same frequency; Upper and lower movable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower movable prism is at a distance of preset distance, and falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres in vertical direction.
Further, the photocentre of described upper and lower movable prism is at a distance of≤5mm.
Further, described measuring system adopts active shock isolation method or seismometer vibration modification method to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance on the fixed prism of upper interferometer and lower interferometer.
Further, described falling bodies adopt steel band type falling bodies control device to carry out movement of falling object control.
The freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method that uses above-mentioned measuring system to carry out, adopts described system under the condition of vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration and measures, or measurement result is repeatedly averaged, to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance; The laser of employing same frequency irradiates upper and lower interferometer simultaneously and interferes respectively, interference light signal is carried out to data processing and obtain respectively the gravity value g that single falls
onand g
under, repeatedly fall to measuring and calculate mean value
with
the result of utilizing dual interferometer to take multiple measurements at identical measurement point simulates the distance ratio of upper and lower movable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter; The gravity value g falling according to single
onand g
underand described distance is eliminated the absolute gravity true value g after beat impact than calculating this measurement point
0.
Further, in the falling bodies dropping process in described system, the photocentre of upper and lower movable prism can make photocentre be subject to an additional centripetal force effect at vertical direction around the rotation of falling bodies barycenter, and the acceleration result recording comprises additional vertical direction accekeration and is
g
ω＝ω
2Rsin(γ
0+ωt) (1)
Wherein, ω, R and γ
0be respectively distance between falling bodies angular velocity, photocentre-barycenter and the initial angle of photocentre-barycenter and surface level; In falling bodies dropping process, the angle of deflection is very little, and above formula can be reduced to
g
ω＝ω
2h
0 (2)
Wherein h
0for the elemental height of photocentre-barycenter vertical direction poor.
Further, consider the gravimetry result of beat and vibration, in certain dropping process, falling bodies angular velocity is ω
i, the upper and lower simultaneously-measured result of interferometer is respectively
Wherein h
upper 0, h
lower 0, g
0with Δ g
vithe elemental height that represents respectively upper and lower movable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction in falling bodies is poor, the absolute gravity true value of this point and the gravity value error that ground vibration causes; Can eliminate the impact of ground vibration by vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration and the average method of the result that repeatedly falls, think Σ Δ g
vi≈ 0, the mean value of n measurement result is
Two formulas are compared elimination
item can obtain
Wherein g
0and κ
hbe constant.
Further, can be found out by formula (7), utilize dual interferometer to take multiple measurements at identical measurement point, by many groups that record
with
result can simulate
with
and then, utilize single to record
with
value, in conjunction with what calculate
be worth, can calculate the absolute gravity true value g of measurement point
0.
The present invention has following positive technique effect:
Michelson interferometer of the prior art is requirement activity prism photocentre and the coincidence of falling bodies barycenter conventionally, but system of the present invention compared with prior art, break through conventional design thought, allow movable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter to be arranged to preset distance (this distance can be selected in the scope in 5mm), be not easy to realize because being fabricated into overlaps completely, but be easily to realize but be made into preset distance, recycle computing method of the present invention, can eliminate the impact of falling bodies beat on freely falling body absolute gravity measurement precision, obtain the absolute gravity true value of measurement point.
Although system of the present invention also there will be systematic error after long-time use, for example upper and lower movable prism photocentre and falling bodies centroid distance change, but known by computing method of the present invention, as long as calculate the poor h of elemental height of upper and lower movable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction
upper 0, h
lower 0ratio, can utilize this ratio in conjunction with formula 7, measurement result to be revised, thus eliminate systematic error.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of free falling body absolute gravimeter measuring system in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the oscillogram of interference light in prior art;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system of dual interferometer;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of falling bodies beat in the movement of falling object;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of single reflecting prism;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of two reflecting prisms in falling bodies of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram that the present invention is based on the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method of dual interferometer;
Fig. 8 carries out the gravity deflection distribution plan (utilizing simulation software MATLAB to carry out numerical simulation) after measurement 20 times by method of the present invention, and in falling bodies, upper and lower photocentre and barycenter vertical range are 2.5mm;
Fig. 9 utilizes
revise the gravity deflection distribution plan (utilizing simulation software MATLAB to carry out numerical simulation) after measuring for 20 times, in falling bodies, upper and lower photocentre and barycenter vertical range are 2.5mm;
Figure 10 is the gravity deflection distribution plan (utilizing simulation software MATLAB to carry out numerical simulation) adopting after single interferometer is measured, and in falling bodies, photocentre-barycenter vertical range is 25 μ m.
Embodiment
Technological means and effect of taking for reaching predetermined goal of the invention for further setting forth the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, be described in detail as follows structure of the present invention, workflow.
Embodiment 1
The schematic diagram that is illustrated in figure 3 the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system that the present invention is based on dual interferometer, the present embodiment can describe in conjunction with Fig. 3.
Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, and described interferometer comprises fixed prism, movable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer interfere respectively by the LASER Light Source of same frequency; Upper and lower movable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower movable prism is at a distance of preset distance, and falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres in vertical direction.
Further, the photocentre of described upper and lower movable prism is at a distance of≤5mm.
Further, described measuring system adopts active shock isolation method or seismometer vibration modification method to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance on the fixed prism of upper interferometer and lower interferometer.
Further, described falling bodies adopt steel band type falling bodies control device to carry out movement of falling object control.
Embodiment 2
The freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method that uses above-mentioned measuring system to carry out, adopts described system under the condition of vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration and measures, or measurement result is repeatedly averaged, to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance; The laser of employing same frequency irradiates upper and lower interferometer simultaneously and interferes respectively, interference light signal is carried out to data processing and obtain respectively the gravity value g that single falls
onand g
under, repeatedly fall to measuring and calculate mean value
with
the result of utilizing dual interferometer to take multiple measurements at identical measurement point simulates the distance ratio of upper and lower movable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter; The gravity value g falling according to single
onand g
underand described distance is eliminated the absolute gravity true value g after beat impact than calculating this measurement point
0.
1. interference light signal is carried out to data processing and obtain respectively the gravity value g that single falls
onand g
under, carry out according to following computing method.
In desirable falling bodies free-falling process, from initial position s
0, initial velocity v
0under condition, start free-falling, its displacement s in time variation relation formula of t is:
All can obtain s and t value by the light intensity signal of interference light being carried out to data processing, can calculate g
onand g
under.
2. in the falling bodies dropping process in described system, the photocentre of upper and lower movable prism can make photocentre be subject to an additional centripetal force effect at vertical direction around the rotation of falling bodies barycenter, and the acceleration result recording comprises additional vertical direction accekeration and is
g
ω＝ω
2Rsin(γ
0+ωt) (1)
Wherein, ω, R and γ
0be respectively distance between falling bodies angular velocity, photocentre-barycenter and the initial angle of photocentre-barycenter and surface level; In falling bodies dropping process, the angle of deflection is very little, and above formula can be reduced to
g
ω＝ω
2h
0 (2)
Wherein h
0for the elemental height of photocentre-barycenter vertical direction poor.
3. further, the gravimetry result of consideration beat and vibration, in certain dropping process, falling bodies angular velocity is ω
i, the upper and lower simultaneously-measured result of interferometer is respectively
Wherein h
upper 0, h
lower 0, g
0with Δ g
vithe elemental height that represents respectively upper and lower movable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction in falling bodies is poor, the absolute gravity true value of this point and the gravity value error that ground vibration causes; Can eliminate the impact of ground vibration by vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration and the average method of the result that repeatedly falls, think Σ Δ g
vi≈ 0, the mean value of n measurement result is
Two formulas are compared elimination
item can obtain
Wherein g
0and κ
hbe constant.
4. can be found out by formula (7), utilize dual interferometer to take multiple measurements at identical measurement point, by many groups that record
with
result can simulate
with
and then, utilize single to record
with
value, in conjunction with what calculate
be worth, can calculate the absolute gravity true value g of measurement point
0.
5. the obtained positive technique effect of the present invention can be tested and be verified by numerical simulation, utilizes simulation software MATLAB to carry out numerical simulation, and calculation process as shown in Figure 7.
The gravity value of setting measurement point position is g=9.8m/s
2(this setting is in order to contrast with measurement result, and then deviation between computation and measurement value and setting value), the poor h that is respectively of elemental height of the upper and lower movable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction of falling bodies
upper 0=2.5mm, h
lower 0=-2.5mm, "-" number represents that two photocentres are respectively in the upper and lower both sides of barycenter.
When each measurement, generate at random angular velocity sequence ω in corresponding N time (getting N=1200) different dropping process
iand the gravity deflection sequence D g that causes of vibration
ε i, wherein ω
ithe random angular velocity sequence that the average that is normal distribution is 0, peak value is 10mrad/s, Δ g
ε ithe average that is normal distribution is 0, peak value is the random gravity deflection sequence of 20 μ Gal.Calculate every group of gravimetry result falling of upper and lower interferometer according to formula (5) and (6)
with
repeat to measure for k time k group (getting k=20)
with
according to formula (7), matching obtains
with
will
and the measurement result g of certain (group) upper and lower interferometer
onand g
undersubstitution formula
(7) calculate this time (group) absolute gravity true value g
0.
Fig. 8 carries out the gravity deflection distribution plan after measurement 20 times by method of the present invention;
Fig. 9 utilizes
revise the gravity deflection distribution plan after measuring for 20 times, as can be seen from the figure, the deviation between measured value and setting value is between-0.4～-1.3;
Figure 10 is the gravity deflection distribution plan adopting after single interferometer is measured, in falling bodies, photocentre-barycenter vertical range is 25 μ m (this distance is the optimum setting that in existing absolute gravimeter, falling bodies adopt, and for example photocentre-barycenter the vertical range in U.S. FG-5 type absolute gravimeter can reach this parameter).As can be seen from the figure, the deviation between measured value and setting value is between-0.4～-1.8, and as can be seen here, the result that the result of measuring by method of the present invention will be measured with available technology adopting list interferometer is suitable.
Described is above for the present invention is described, is construed as the present invention and is not limited to above embodiment, meets the various flexible form of inventive concept all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, and described interferometer comprises fixed prism, movable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer interfere respectively by the LASER Light Source of same frequency; Upper and lower movable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower movable prism is at a distance of preset distance, and falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres in vertical direction.
2. measuring system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the photocentre of described upper and lower movable prism is at a distance of≤5mm.
3. measuring system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described measuring system adopts active shock isolation method or seismometer vibration modification method to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance on the fixed prism of upper interferometer and lower interferometer.
4. measuring system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described falling bodies adopt steel band type falling bodies control device to carry out movement of falling object control.
5. the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method that described in right to use 1-4 any one, measuring system is carried out, it is characterized in that, described system is adopted under the condition of vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration and measure, or measurement result is repeatedly averaged, to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance; The laser of employing same frequency irradiates upper and lower interferometer simultaneously and interferes respectively, interference light signal is carried out to data processing and obtain respectively the gravity value g that single falls
onand g
under, repeatedly fall to measuring and calculate mean value
with
the result of utilizing dual interferometer to take multiple measurements at identical measurement point simulates the distance ratio of upper and lower movable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter; The gravity value g falling according to single
onand g
underand described distance is eliminated the absolute gravity true value g after beat impact than calculating this measurement point
0.
6. measuring method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in falling bodies dropping process in described system, the photocentre of upper and lower movable prism can make photocentre be subject to an additional centripetal force effect at vertical direction around the rotation of falling bodies barycenter, and the acceleration result recording comprises additional vertical direction accekeration and is
g
ω＝ω
2Rsin(γ
0+ωt) (1)
Wherein, ω, R and γ
0be respectively distance between falling bodies angular velocity, photocentre-barycenter and the initial angle of photocentre-barycenter and surface level; In falling bodies dropping process, the angle of deflection is very little, and above formula can be reduced to
g
ω＝ω
2h
0 (2)
Wherein h
0for the elemental height of photocentre-barycenter vertical direction poor.
7. measuring method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, considers the gravimetry result of beat and vibration, and in certain dropping process, falling bodies angular velocity is ω
i, the upper and lower simultaneously-measured result of interferometer is respectively
Wherein h
upper 0, h
lower 0, g
0with Δ g
vithe elemental height that represents respectively upper and lower movable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction in falling bodies is poor, the absolute gravity true value of this point and the gravity value error that ground vibration causes; Can eliminate the impact of ground vibration by vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration and the average method of the result that repeatedly falls, think Σ Δ g
vi≈ 0, the mean value of n measurement result is
Two formulas are compared elimination
item can obtain
Wherein g
0and κ
hbe constant.
8. measuring method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, can be found out by formula (7), utilizes dual interferometer to take multiple measurements at identical measurement point, by many groups that record
with
result can simulate
with
and then, utilize single to record
with
value, in conjunction with what calculate
be worth, can calculate the absolute gravity true value g of measurement point
0.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410455839.4A CN104199116B (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2014-09-09 | Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method and system based on dual interferometer |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310404496 | 2013-09-06 | ||
| CN201310404496.4 | 2013-09-06 | ||
| CN2013104044964 | 2013-09-06 | ||
| CN201410455839.4A CN104199116B (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2014-09-09 | Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method and system based on dual interferometer |
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|---|---|
| CN104199116A true CN104199116A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| CN104199116B CN104199116B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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| CN105910758A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Measuring mechanism for contact ratio of center of mass and optical center of falling body and measuring method and adjusting method thereof |
| CN106125150A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 中国地震局地震研究所 | Laser three interferometer measuration system for absolute gravimeter |
| CN106383367A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-08 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Absolute gravity measurement method and apparatus thereof |
| CN107193050A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-22 | 北京奥地探测仪器有限公司 | The absolute gravity measurement optical system and method for a kind of pair of freely falling body |
| CN111650661A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-11 | 中国地震局地震研究所 | Coaxial double-falling-body asynchronous falling absolute gravimeter |
| CN111708096A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-25 | 清华大学 | Balanced falling mechanism and gravimeter |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105005088A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-10-28 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Vertical gravity gradient measurement method |
| CN104793258A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-22 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Vertical gravity gradient measurement system |
| CN105005088B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2017-03-29 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Vertically to gradiometry method |
| CN106383367B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-07-10 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Absolute gravity measurement method and apparatus |
| CN106383367A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-08 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Absolute gravity measurement method and apparatus thereof |
| CN105910758A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Measuring mechanism for contact ratio of center of mass and optical center of falling body and measuring method and adjusting method thereof |
| CN105910758B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-02-22 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Measuring mechanism for contact ratio of center of mass and optical center of falling body and measuring method and adjusting method thereof |
| CN106125150A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 中国地震局地震研究所 | Laser three interferometer measuration system for absolute gravimeter |
| CN107193050A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-22 | 北京奥地探测仪器有限公司 | The absolute gravity measurement optical system and method for a kind of pair of freely falling body |
| CN107193050B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-03-05 | 北京奥地探测仪器有限公司 | A kind of the absolute gravity measurement optical system and method for double freely falling bodies |
| CN111708096A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-25 | 清华大学 | Balanced falling mechanism and gravimeter |
| CN111708096B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-04-02 | 清华大学 | Balanced falling mechanism and gravimeter |
| CN111650661A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-11 | 中国地震局地震研究所 | Coaxial double-falling-body asynchronous falling absolute gravimeter |
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