CN104199116B - Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method and system based on dual interferometer - Google Patents
Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method and system based on dual interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104199116B CN104199116B CN201410455839.4A CN201410455839A CN104199116B CN 104199116 B CN104199116 B CN 104199116B CN 201410455839 A CN201410455839 A CN 201410455839A CN 104199116 B CN104199116 B CN 104199116B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, it is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, described interferometer includes fixed prism, removable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer by the LASER Light Source of same frequency and interferes respectively；Upper and lower removable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower removable prism is predetermined distance, and falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres in vertical direction.Native system can eliminate the impact on freely falling body absolute gravity measurement precision of the falling bodies beat.The present invention additionally provides a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method based on dual interferometer simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method based on dual interferometer, the invention still further relates to one
Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, belongs to high accuracy absolute gravity measurement field.
Background technology
Accurate gravity value g is extremely important in fields such as geodesic survey, geophysics and delicate meterings.Mesh
Before in the world majority state all use " free-falling " method to carry out absolute gravity measurement, its measuring principle is at high vacuum environment
Under, by measuring time and the distance that falling bodies are experienced in vertical direction free-falling motor process, fixed according to newton second
Rule is calculated gravity value g.
Classical freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system employing rubidium (or caesium) atomic frequency standard is as measure of time standard, with height
The laser of degree of stability, as linear measure longimetry standard, realizes accurately finding range based on Michelson's interferometer principle.As it is shown in figure 1,
One, two prisms of interferometer are arranged in falling bodies, and as movable reflecting surface, another is then fixed on interferometer, as solid
Determine reflecting surface.The beam of laser that laser instrument is launched is after light splitting, respectively after movable reflecting surface and fixed reflection surface reflect again
Overlap, interfere, interfere the oscillogram of light as shown in Figure 2.When falling bodies fall so that through the light beam of movable reflecting surface reflection
Light path changes, and causes the phase contrast of two-beam to change, the distance of the half-wavelength that often falls, and interferes light to there will be the brightest
Dark change, can realize accurate linear measure longimetry according to the number of interference fringes of record.During measurement, preset fixing striped
Number, calculates fringe number according to zero crossing, measures corresponding stripe order recognition process pair with high-resolution time interval measuring instrucment
The tiny time section answered, thus many group times and the parameter of distance during obtaining the movement of falling object of falling objects, finally
By mathematics fitting of a polynomial, gravity value g can be calculated.
But, prism fixing in interferometer can be by the vertical vibration from ground in falling bodies dropping process
Impact, affects absolute gravimeter certainty of measurement.Prior art generally uses overlength spring or long period seismometer to isolate ground
Vibration, or utilize long period seismograph pick up ground vibration situation, the method that measurement result is compensated, substantially increase
The certainty of measurement of gravity value g.
Additionally, High-Precision Gravimeter Survey also can be by the shadow of beat (falling bodies are around the rotation of self barycenter in dropping process)
Ringing, this phenomenon is because in interferometer doing the photocentre of the removable prism of the movement of falling object and cannot accomplish completely with the barycenter of falling bodies
Overlap, so declining at dropping process know from experience beat.This impact is difficult to eliminate, and depends on the time, can along with falling bodies and
Abrasion between pallet deteriorates increasingly, brings systematic error to measurement.In generally utilizing processing method adjustment making falling bodies repeatedly
The photocentre of reflecting prism and falling bodies barycenter overlap as far as possible, reduce the impact of beat, but so require the highest to processing method,
And need repeated measurement, adjustment to process and obtain suitable falling bodies.
Summary of the invention
For problem present in background technology, the invention provides a kind of freely falling body based on dual interferometer the heaviest
Force measuring method, it is possible to eliminate the impact on freely falling body absolute gravity measurement precision of the falling bodies beat.The present invention also provides for simultaneously
A kind of freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, described dry
Interferometer includes fixed prism, removable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer by the LASER Light Source of same frequency and sends out respectively
Raw interference；Upper and lower removable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower removable prism is predetermined distance, vertically
On direction, falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres.
Further, the photocentre of described upper and lower removable prism is at a distance of≤5mm.
Further, described measurement system uses actively shock isolation method or ground to the fixed prism of upper interferometer and lower interferometer
Shake meter vibration modification method eliminates the impact of random ground vibration disturbance.
Further, described falling bodies use the steel band type member control apparatus that falls to carry out movement of falling object control.
Use the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method that above-mentioned measurement system is carried out, to described system use vibration isolation or
Measure under conditions of method for compensating vibration, or repetitive measurement result is averaged, to eliminate random ground vibration disturbance
Impact；The laser using same frequency irradiates upper and lower interferometer simultaneously and interferes respectively, and interference light signal is carried out data
Process and respectively obtain gravity value g that single fallsOnAnd gUnder, repeatedly fall to measuring and be calculated meansigma methodsWith
Dual interferometer is utilized to simulate upper and lower removable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter in an identical result taken multiple measurements of measuring
Distance than；Gravity value g fallen according to singleOnAnd gUnderAnd described distance ratio carries out being calculated this measurement point and eliminates beat shadow
Absolute gravity true value g after sound0。
Further, in the falling bodies dropping process in described system, the photocentre of upper and lower removable prism rotates around falling bodies barycenter
Photocentre can be made to be comprised additional vertical direction at vertical direction by an additional centripetal force effect, the acceleration result recorded
Accekeration is
gω=ω2Rsin(γ0+ωt) (1)
Wherein, ω, R and γ0It is respectively the distance between falling bodies angular velocity, photocentre-barycenter and photocentre-barycenter and horizontal plane
Initial angle；In falling bodies dropping process, the angle of deflection is the least, and above formula can be reduced to
gω=ω2h0 (2)
Wherein h0Elemental height for photocentre-barycenter vertical direction is poor.
Further, it is considered to the gravity measurement result of beat and vibration, in certain dropping process, falling bodies angular velocity is ωiOn,
The result that lower interferometer is measured simultaneously is respectively
Wherein hUpper 0、hLower 0、g0With Δ gviRepresent the initial of upper and lower removable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction in falling bodies respectively
The gravity value error that difference in height, the absolute gravity true value of this point and ground vibration cause；By vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration, with
And the method that repeatedly whereabouts result is average can eliminate the impact of ground vibration, i.e. think Σ Δ gvi≈ 0, then n measurement result
Meansigma methods is
Two formulas compare eliminationItem can obtain
Wherein g0And κhIt is constant.
Further, formula (7) can be seen that, utilize dual interferometer to take multiple measurements, by record at identical point of measuring
Many groupsWithResult can simulateWithAnd then, utilize single to recordWithValue, in conjunction with calculated
Value, can be calculated absolute gravity true value g measuring point0。
The present invention has a following positive technique effect:
Michelson's interferometer of the prior art usually requires that removable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter overlap, but this
Bright system compared with prior art, breaches conventional design thought, it is allowed to removable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter are arranged to
Preset distance (this distance can within 5mm in the range of select), is not easily accomplished because being fabricated into be completely superposed, but makes
Becoming preset distance is but easily to realize, and the computational methods of the recycling present invention i.e. can eliminate falling bodies beat to freely falling body
The impact of absolute gravity measurement precision, obtains measuring the absolute gravity true value of point.
Although the system of the present invention the most also there will be systematic error, the most upper and lower removable prism photocentre
Change with falling bodies centroid distance, but by the computational methods of the present invention, as long as being calculated upper and lower removable prism
Elemental height difference h of photocentre-barycenter vertical directionUpper 0、hLower 0Ratio, i.e. may utilize this ratio and combine formula 7 measurement result is entered
Row is revised, thus eliminates systematic error.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that in prior art, free falling body absolute gravimeter measures system；
Fig. 2 is the oscillogram interfering light in prior art；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of present invention freely falling body based on dual interferometer absolute gravity measurement system；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of falling bodies beat in the movement of falling object；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of single reflecting prism；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of two reflecting prisms in falling bodies of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of present invention freely falling body based on dual interferometer absolute gravity measurement method；
Fig. 8 is that the gravity deflection scattergram carried out 20 times after measuring by the method for the present invention (utilizes simulation software
MATLAB carries out numerical simulation), in falling bodies, upper and lower photocentre and barycenter vertical dimension are 2.5mm；
Fig. 9 is to utilizeRevising the gravity deflection scattergram after measuring 20 times (utilizes simulation software MATLAB to carry out numerical value
Simulation), in falling bodies, upper and lower photocentre and barycenter vertical dimension are 2.5mm；
Figure 10 is to use to go alone the gravity deflection scattergram after interferometer measures and (utilize simulation software MATLAB number
Value simulation), in falling bodies, photocentre-barycenter vertical dimension is 25 μm.
Detailed description of the invention
By further illustrating the technological means and effect that the present invention taked by reaching predetermined goal of the invention, below in conjunction with
Accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, describe in detail as follows to structure, the workflow of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
It is illustrated in figure 3 the schematic diagram of present invention freely falling body based on dual interferometer absolute gravity measurement system, this reality
Execute example to illustrate in conjunction with Fig. 3.
Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, described dry
Interferometer includes fixed prism, removable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer by the LASER Light Source of same frequency and sends out respectively
Raw interference；Upper and lower removable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower removable prism is predetermined distance, vertically
On direction, falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres.
Further, the photocentre of described upper and lower removable prism is at a distance of≤5mm.
Further, described measurement system uses actively shock isolation method or ground to the fixed prism of upper interferometer and lower interferometer
Shake meter vibration modification method eliminates the impact of random ground vibration disturbance.
Further, described falling bodies use the steel band type member control apparatus that falls to carry out movement of falling object control.
Embodiment 2
Use the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method that above-mentioned measurement system is carried out, to described system use vibration isolation or
Measure under conditions of method for compensating vibration, or repetitive measurement result is averaged, to eliminate random ground vibration disturbance
Impact；The laser using same frequency irradiates upper and lower interferometer simultaneously and interferes respectively, and interference light signal is carried out data
Process and respectively obtain gravity value g that single fallsOnAnd gUnder, repeatedly fall to measuring and be calculated meansigma methodsWithProfit
With dual interferometer identical measure the result that takes multiple measurements of point simulate upper and lower removable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter away from
From than；Gravity value g fallen according to singleOnAnd gUnderAnd described distance ratio carries out being calculated this measurement point and eliminates beat impact
After absolute gravity true value g0。
1. interference light signal is carried out data and processes gravity value g respectively obtaining single whereaboutsOnAnd gUnder, it is according to following meter
Calculation method is carried out.
Preferably during falling bodies free-falling, from initial position s0, initial velocity v0Under the conditions of start free-falling, its
The variation relation formula of displacement s t in time is:
All can obtain s and t value by the light intensity signal interfering light being carried out data process, g can be calculatedOnAnd gUnder。
In falling bodies dropping process in the most described system, the photocentre of upper and lower removable prism can make around falling bodies barycenter rotation
Obtaining photocentre at vertical direction by an additional centripetal force effect, the acceleration result recorded comprises additional vertical direction and accelerates
Angle value is
gω=ω2Rsin(γ0+ωt) (1)
Wherein, ω, R and γ0It is respectively the distance between falling bodies angular velocity, photocentre-barycenter and photocentre-barycenter and horizontal plane
Initial angle；In falling bodies dropping process, the angle of deflection is the least, and above formula can be reduced to
gω=ω2h0 (2)
Wherein h0Elemental height for photocentre-barycenter vertical direction is poor.
Further, it is considered to the gravity measurement result of beat and vibration, in certain dropping process, falling bodies angular velocity is ωi,
The result that interferometer is measured simultaneously up and down is respectively
Wherein hUpper 0、hLower 0、g0With Δ gviRepresent the initial of upper and lower removable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction in falling bodies respectively
The gravity value error that difference in height, the absolute gravity true value of this point and ground vibration cause；By vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration, with
And the method that repeatedly whereabouts result is average can eliminate the impact of ground vibration, i.e. think Σ Δ gvi≈ 0, then n measurement result
Meansigma methods is
Two formulas compare eliminationItem can obtain
Wherein g0And κhIt is constant.
4. be can be seen that by formula (7), utilize dual interferometer to take multiple measurements, by many groups recorded at identical point of measuringWithResult can simulateWithAnd then, utilize single to recordWithValue, in conjunction with calculatedValue,
Absolute gravity true value g measuring point can be calculated0。
5. the positive technique effect acquired by the present invention can be tested by numerical simulation and be verified, utilizes simulation software
MATLAB carries out numerical simulation, and calculation process is as shown in Figure 7.
The gravity value of setting measurement point position is g=9.8m/s2(this is disposed to contrast with measurement result, and then
Deviation between computation and measurement value and setting value), the elemental height of falling bodies upper and lower removable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction is poor
It is respectively hUpper 0=2.5mm, hLower 0=-2.5mm, "-" number represents that two photocentres are respectively in the upper and lower both sides of barycenter.
When measuring every time, angular velocity sequence ω in the different dropping process of stochastic generation correspondence n times (taking N=1200)iAnd shake
Dynamic gravity deflection sequence D g causedεi, wherein ωiBe the average of normal distribution be 0, peak value be the random angular velocity of 10mrad/s
Sequence, Δ gεiBe the average of normal distribution be 0, peak value be the random gravity deflection sequence of 20 μ Gal.Count according to formula (5) and (6)
Calculation obtains upper and lower interferometer and often organizes the gravity measurement result of whereaboutsWithRepeat k measurement and obtain k group (taking k=20)WithObtain according to formula (7) matchingWithWillMeasurement result g with certain (group) interferometer up and downOnAnd gUnderSubstitute into
Formula
(7) this time (group) absolute gravity true value g it is calculated0。
Fig. 8 is to carry out the gravity deflection scattergram after measuring 20 times by the method for the present invention；
Fig. 9 is to utilizeRevise the gravity deflection scattergram after measuring 20 times, it can be seen that measured value and setting
Deviation between value is between-0.4～-1.3；
Figure 10 be use go alone the gravity deflection scattergram after interferometer measures, in falling bodies photocentre-barycenter vertically away from
From by 25 μm, (this distance is the optimal setting that in existing absolute gravimeter, falling bodies are used, such as U.S. FG-5 type absolute gravity
Photocentre in instrument-barycenter vertical dimension can reach this parameter).It can be seen that inclined between measured value and setting value
Difference is between-0.4～-1.8, it can be seen that, the result measured by the method for the present invention to be adopted in prior art
With going alone, the result that interferometer measures is suitable.
Described above simply to illustrate that the present invention, it is understood that to the invention is not limited in above example, meet
The various variants of inventive concept are all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. freely falling body absolute gravity measurement system based on dual interferometer, is provided with laterally zygomorphic interferometer, described interference
Instrument includes fixed prism, removable prism and spectroscope, irradiates described interferometer by the LASER Light Source of same frequency and occurs respectively
Interfere；Upper and lower removable prism is arranged in same falling bodies, and the photocentre of upper and lower removable prism is predetermined distance, at Vertical Square
Upwards falling bodies barycenter is positioned in the middle of two described photocentres.
Measure system the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the photocentre of described upper and lower removable prism is at a distance of≤5mm.
Measure system the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described measurement system is to upper interferometer and lower interferometer
Fixed prism uses actively shock isolation method or seismometer vibration modification method to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance.
Measure system the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described falling bodies use the steel band type member control apparatus that falls to carry out
The movement of falling object controls.
5. use and measure, according to any one of claim 1 to 4, the freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method that system is carried out, its
It is characterised by, measures under conditions of described system is used vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration, or repetitive measurement result is taken
Averagely, to eliminate the impact of random ground vibration disturbance；The laser using same frequency irradiates upper and lower interferometer respectively simultaneously
Interfere, interference light signal is carried out data and processes gravity value g respectively obtaining single whereaboutsOnAnd gUnder, repeatedly fall
Measure and be calculated meansigma methodsWithDual interferometer is utilized to simulate in an identical result taken multiple measurements of measuring
The distance ratio of upper and lower removable prism photocentre and falling bodies barycenter；Gravity value g fallen according to singleOnAnd gUnderAnd described distance than
Carry out being calculated absolute gravity true value g after this measurement point eliminates beat impact0。
6. measuring method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that in the falling bodies dropping process in described system, upper and lower work
The photocentre of index prism can make photocentre at vertical direction by an additional centripetal force effect around falling bodies barycenter rotation, records
Acceleration result comprises additional vertical direction accekeration
gω=ω2R sin(γ0+ωt) (1)
Wherein, ω, R and γ0It is respectively the initial of distance between falling bodies angular velocity, photocentre-barycenter and photocentre-barycenter and horizontal plane
Angle；In falling bodies dropping process, the angle of deflection is the least, and above formula can be reduced to
gω=ω2h0 (2)
Wherein h0Elemental height for photocentre-barycenter vertical direction is poor.
7. measuring method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that consider beat and the gravity measurement result of vibration, certain
In dropping process, falling bodies angular velocity is ωi, the result that upper and lower interferometer is measured simultaneously is respectively
Wherein hUpper 0、hLower 0、g0With Δ gviRepresent the elemental height of upper and lower removable prism photocentre-barycenter vertical direction in falling bodies respectively
The gravity value error that difference, the absolute gravity true value of this point and ground vibration cause；By vibration isolation or method for compensating vibration, Yi Jiduo
Result average method in secondary whereabouts can eliminate the impact of ground vibration, i.e. thinks ∑ Δ gvi≈ 0, then n measurement result is average
Value is
Two formulas compare eliminationItem can obtain
Wherein g0And κhIt is constant.
8. measuring method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that be can be seen that by formula (7), utilize dual interferometer in identical survey
Amount point takes multiple measurements, by many groups recordedWithResult can simulateWith；And then, utilize single to recordWithValue, in conjunction with calculatedValue, can be calculated absolute gravity true value g measuring point0。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410455839.4A CN104199116B (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2014-09-09 | Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method and system based on dual interferometer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310404496 | 2013-09-06 | ||
| CN2013104044964 | 2013-09-06 | ||
| CN201310404496.4 | 2013-09-06 | ||
| CN201410455839.4A CN104199116B (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2014-09-09 | Freely falling body absolute gravity measurement method and system based on dual interferometer |
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| CN104199116A CN104199116A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| CN104199116B true CN104199116B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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| JP2011209276A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-10-20 | Univ Of Tokyo | Free fall device used for gravity meter |
| CN102323624A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-18 | 清华大学 | Absolute gravity measuring system and measuring method as well as falling method of free-falling body |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011209276A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-10-20 | Univ Of Tokyo | Free fall device used for gravity meter |
| CN101876716A (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-11-03 | 长安大学 | Magnetic suspension falling body cabin system and free falling body type absolute gravimeter |
| CN102323624A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-18 | 清华大学 | Absolute gravity measuring system and measuring method as well as falling method of free-falling body |
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| Title |
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| "A method for adjusting the centre of mass of a freely falling body in absolute gravimetry";C Rothleitner等;《Metrologia》;20070521;第44卷;第234-241页 * |
| "基于激光干涉的新型高精度绝对重力仪";滕云田 等;《地球物理学进展》;20130831;第28卷(第4期);第2141-2147页 * |
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