CN107190613A - Drainage system is oozed after a kind of first water storage in underground slowly - Google Patents

Abstract

It is slow after a kind of first water storage in underground to ooze drainage system, including ooze discharge structure, reinforcement top cover, several permeable water inlets and several dividing plates slowly with filtering material.Concrete structure is：The slow filtering material oozed in discharge structure is laid on provided with material internal is oozed slowly for the suspended particulate entrance entrained by prevention surface runoff, provided with discharge structure top reinforcement top cover can be oozed as the slow of pavement, parking lot or land operations place, enter the permeable water inlet for oozing discharge structure slowly provided with the bulky grain that can be prevented entrained by surface runoff, provided with the slow dividing plate for oozing rainwater in discharge structure can be retained on the spot, prevent the rainwater for not oozing emptying slowly on the spot from flowing into low-lying place.Surface runoff can be intercepted on the spot using the present invention, recharge groundwater is oozed slowly on the spot, the surface gathered water that rainfall is formed is reduced, alleviate urban waterlogging, be a kind of effective novel sponge body for reducing urban waterlogging.

Description

An underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system

technical field

The invention relates to the fields of sponge city, urban drainage and municipal engineering, in particular to an underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system.

Background technique

Inside cities, most of the surface soil and lawns are replaced by hard materials such as roofs, asphalt, concrete stone slabs or cement bricks. Due to the impermeability of such hard materials, rainwater cannot effectively penetrate into the underground soil layer, and the rainwater falling on the hard impermeable pavement forms ground runoff. When the surface runoff exceeds the drainage capacity of the urban sewer system, urban waterlogging is caused; at the same time, due to the rising groundwater level and the rapid collection of groundwater from high places to low places, the groundwater level at low places rises rapidly, and rainwater cannot pass through the underground drainage system in a timely and effective manner. Excluded to form waterlogging. To solve this problem, temporary water storage pools or ponds are set up in cities to collect rainwater and ground runoff to reduce urban waterlogging. However, such temporary water storage facilities occupy a large area and aggravate the problem of urban development land.

In recent years, urban designers have used pervious concrete paving to alleviate urban waterlogging. The water seepage speed of permeable concrete is as high as 0.01-5 cm/s, and the rainwater falling on it and the ground runoff from high places can be quickly discharged into the underground soil layer, thereby reducing urban waterlogging. However, the drainage rate of the permeable pavement depends on the drainage rate and water storage capacity of the soil below the base layer. If the immediate storage and drainage of the soil under the permeable pavement is lower than the sum of runoff and rainfall entering the permeable pavement, stagnant water will form on the surface of the permeable pavement , that is, waterlogging occurs. If the drainage rate of permeable concrete is too fast, the groundwater table will rise rapidly, and the free water on the water surface will flow to the lower place, resulting in waterlogging in the low-lying place. In addition, the permeable pavement is easily blocked by sand and other small particles, and the permeable pavement requires regular maintenance to maintain a high water permeability, which is costly and difficult to maintain. Thirdly, permeable pavement has relatively low strength and durability compared with traditional dense pavement, so permeable pavement can only be applied to low-traffic pavements (such as parking lots) rather than main streets in inner cities.

Therefore need to provide a new type storage and drainage system, it has: (1) can store rainwater and surface runoff temporarily on the spot during rainfall, and discharge to groundwater automatically gradually after rain, when next rainfall, there is no accumulated water inside the system so that Temporary storage of rainwater and surface runoff on the spot again, (2) the groundwater level near the system does not increase significantly during rainfall, reducing the probability of waterlogging in low-lying areas, (3) the system does not occupy the upper space of the ground, and can be buried on sidewalks, parking lots, etc. (4) The storage and drainage function of this system does not require (or rarely requires) manual maintenance on a regular basis. The development of such systems can actually provide cities with new types of sponges, which is a worthy development topic for reducing urban waterlogging.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide an underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system, which can temporarily collect rainwater and surface runoff in the slow seepage drainage structure, and release the water stored in the slow seepage drainage structure within a few days after the rain Gradually and automatically drain to the ground without significantly raising the groundwater level, reducing the drainage pressure of urban underground pipes.

In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system, including a slow seepage drainage structure with filter materials, a reinforced top cover, several permeable water inlets and several The specific structure of the clapboard is: there is a filter material laid in the slow seepage drainage structure to prevent the suspended particles carried by the ground runoff from entering the slow seepage material; there is a barrier that can be used as a sidewalk, a parking lot or other ground activities. The upper part of the slow seepage drainage structure is reinforced with a top cover; there is a permeable water inlet that can prevent the large particles carried by the ground runoff from entering the slow seepage drainage structure; In-situ slow seepage emptying and flowing into low-lying places.

Both the wall surface and the bottom surface of the slow seepage drainage structure can be made of slow seepage material at the same time, or one side thereof can be made of slow seepage material, that is, the slow seepage drainage structure can be any one of bottom seepage type, wall seepage type, and bottom wall double seepage type. Type, preferably wall infiltration.

The cross-sectional form of the slow permeation material is set according to the topography and can be trapezoidal, circular or rectangular. Slow seepage drainage structure can be rectangular, cylindrical, square and other geometric structures.

Filter materials are laid on the wall and bottom of the slow seepage drainage structure to filter out small particles carried by ground runoff and prevent slow seepage materials from being blocked. The filter material is preferably geotextile.

Several water inlets are arranged on the edge of the slow seepage drainage structure, and the water inlets are made of highly permeable materials with a water permeability rate of about 0.1-10 cm/s. Preferably 0.5-2 cm/sec.

The reinforced top cover is made of reinforced permeable material, which can filter out large particles carried by ground runoff, allowing rainwater and ground runoff to quickly enter the slow seepage drainage structure.

The height of the partition is slightly lower than the net height of the slow seepage drainage structure, and the water exceeding the height of the partition can flow to rivers or other water interception facilities. The longitudinal distance of the clapboard is mainly determined by the local slope, rainfall, surface runoff and other factors.

The water seepage rate of the slow seepage drainage structure is 5-50 cm/day.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Traditional ditches direct rainwater and surface runoff into pools or rivers, where the surface runoff exceeds the allowable value of the drainage facility, resulting in waterlogging. The slow seepage drainage structure can intercept rainwater on the spot, and then gradually discharge the intercepted water into the ground in the form of slow seepage after rainfall, so as to control the surface runoff to a greater extent.

2. The drainage method of the slow seepage drainage structure is different from the permeable pavement. The permeable pavement quickly drains rainwater and ground runoff into the base layer. The permeable concrete seepage speed is as high as 0.01-5 cm/s, and the rainwater directly enters the subsoil, raising the groundwater level and accelerating Water from high places flows to low places, accelerating the rise of water levels in low-lying places, leading to waterlogging in low-lying places. The dense pavement directly forms ground runoff, while the slow seepage drainage structure first temporarily intercepts rainwater and ground runoff on the spot, does not significantly increase the groundwater level, prevents high ground runoff from flowing to low places, and reduces waterlogging in low-lying areas; at the same time, slow seepage drainage The structure automatically drains the intercepted rainwater and surface runoff in the form of infiltration within a certain period of time (preferably 1-7 days) without manual intervention, in order to temporarily collect the surface runoff formed during the rainfall period again. Therefore, the underground water storage first and then the slow seepage drainage system has the function of a sponge, which is not available in permeable pavements and dense structures.

3. The slow seepage drainage structure can be used as a road drainage ditch, or as a water tank placed at the bottom of the parking lot and sidewalk. The water inlet of the slow-seepage drainage structure can be made of permeable concrete or other similar water-permeable materials to prevent large particles carried by ground runoff from entering the slow-seepage drainage structure. The top surface of the slow seepage drainage structure can be a reinforced cover plate, which can be used as a sidewalk, a parking space or other places required for ground activities. There are several partitions in the slow seepage drainage structure, and the longitudinal distance of the partitions is determined according to the slope and runoff of the setting area, so as to realize the local interception of ground runoff and control the amount of water flowing to low places.

4. Provide a new urban sponge technology, which helps to reduce or even eradicate urban waterlogging.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional sectional view of the underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a plane sectional view of the underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an assembly diagram of the underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the parking lot application of the underground water storage first and then the slow seepage drainage system

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the sidewalk application of the underground water storage first and then the slow seepage drainage system

Figure 7 shows the drainage effect of bottom seepage, wall seepage and bottom wall double seepage drainage structures.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, an example of the underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to the present invention is located at the bottom of low-load places such as residential quarters, parking lots, parks, etc., and the application schematic diagram is shown in Figure 5, fully Use the bottom space of these places for rainwater regulation and storage. Among them, the reinforced top cover 7 covering the top of the slow seepage drainage structure 2 is used as the ground structure and is the main water inlet. A water-filtering filter material 3 is arranged inside the slow-seepage drainage structure 2 to allow only water to pass through and sand and soil to pass through. The slow seepage drainage structure 2 is one of three forms: bottom seepage, wall seepage, and bottom wall double seepage. The water permeability of the slow seepage structure should be 5-50 cm/day, preferably 5 cm/day. In order to make the water inside the slow seepage drainage structure 2 effectively infiltrate into the soil layer, a gravel layer 4 of a certain thickness is paved outside the slow seepage drainage structure 2 .

Example 2

In this embodiment, on the side of urban roads or other linear projects, an underground water storage and then slow seepage drainage system is arranged to replace the traditional drainage ditches. The application diagram is shown in Figure 6. A number of permeable curbstones 6 are arranged on the side of the slow seepage drainage structure 2 as water inlets, which are made of permeable materials with a water permeability of 0.1-5 cm/s. The opening distance, opening size, single-side or double-side opening of the water inlet can be determined according to the actual working conditions. Ground runoff enters the slow seepage drainage structure through the permeable curbstone 6 . The permeable and reinforced roof 7 on the top of the slow seepage drainage structure is used as sidewalks on both sides of urban roads, allowing rainwater or ground runoff to enter the slow seepage drainage structure 2 .

The reinforced permeable cover 7 is separated from the slow seepage drainage structure 2 for regular replacement of the filter material 3 (preferably geotextile) or regular cleaning of the residue remaining in the slow seepage drainage structure.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 1, another application example of the underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to the present invention. The slow seepage drainage structure 2 prepared by using slow seepage concrete, the mixing ratio of the slow seepage concrete: 80-100 parts by weight of 4-9 mm aggregate, 46-58 parts by weight of 2-4 mm aggregate, 50 parts by weight of 1-2 mm aggregate -63 parts by weight, 24-30 parts by weight of fine powder less than 1 mm, 40-50 parts by weight of cement gelling material, and 17-21 parts by weight of water. Preferably: 90 parts by weight of aggregates of 4-9 mm, 52 parts by weight of aggregates of 2-4 mm, 56 parts by weight of aggregates of 1-2 mm, 27 parts by weight of fine powder less than 1 mm, 45 parts by weight of cement, and 19 parts by weight of water . The cement is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement, the slump of the concrete mixture is strictly controlled to be 0 cm, and the slow permeable concrete is trial-produced. A sample of 30 cm × 50 cm × 6 cm was trial-produced, and after 7 days of curing, the sample was trial-produced as the bottom surface of a water tank. After the water tank was filled with water, the relationship between the water level of the water tank and the time-dependent decline was observed, and the water permeability of the sample was back-calculated. The water permeability of slow permeable concrete is about 9.12+0.005 cm/day.

The permeable curb 6 and the permeable reinforced top cover 7 are made of permeable concrete. The raw materials are: 50-70 parts by weight of 5-10 mm aggregate, 9-15 parts by weight of cement, and 3-5 parts by weight of water. Preferably: 60 parts by weight of 5-10 mm aggregate, 12 parts by weight of cement, and 4 parts by weight of water. The cement is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement, and the slump of the concrete mixture under strict control is 0 cm.

According to the above-mentioned slow-seepage concrete, the drainage rate of the three slow-seepage drainage structures 2 of bottom seepage type, wall seepage type and bottom wall double seepage type were respectively simulated by Hydrus 2D software. The simulated slow seepage drainage structure 2 is a horizontal strip structure with a base length of 50 cm and a height of 50 cm. It is assumed that the filter material 3 placed inside each slow seepage drainage structure 2 is a geotextile, that is, fine particles cannot enter the slow seepage material, so that the water seepage rate of the slow seepage material remains unchanged. In order to study the drainage rate of the slow-seepage drainage structure 2 under the worst base drainage conditions, it is assumed that the slow-seepage drainage box is placed on a silt formation, and the saturated water seepage rate of the silt is about 6 cm/day, and a 2- 5 cm of gravel, and use geotextiles to separate the gravel and silt. Compared with the slow seepage drainage structure 2, the drainage rate of gravel is regarded as infinite. Assuming that the slow seepage drainage structure 2 is filled with rainwater at a height of 50 cm, the law of the simulated slow seepage drainage structure 2 internal water level falling over time is shown in Figure 7. The bottom wall double seepage slow seepage drainage structure 2 has a fast water seepage rate, and can seep 50 cm of water in about 25 hours; the bottom seepage slow seepage drainage structure 2 has the second water seepage rate, and can seep 50 cm in about 50 hours The water infiltration rate of the wall-infiltration drainage structure 2 is relatively fast at the beginning, mainly because the water pressure is high at the beginning and the seepage area of the two walls is large. Because after the water level in the structure is lowered, the water pressure on the side wall is relatively low and the seepage area is reduced. After about 120 hours (5 days), the remaining water in the wall-infiltration structure is about 1 cm. Therefore, although the drainage methods of the slow seepage drainage structure 2 of the bottom seepage type, the wall seepage type, and the bottom wall double seepage type are different, the slow seepage drainage structure 2 can basically infiltrate all the accumulated water in the structure within 1-7 days.

It should be noted that the drainage rate of the bottom seepage type, wall seepage type, and bottom wall double seepage type slow seepage drainage structure 2 is related to the size of the structure, the water permeability of the slow seepage material, the size of the slow seepage material, and the height of the accumulated water in the structure. related. As long as the design is appropriate, the bottom seepage type, wall seepage type, and bottom wall double seepage slow seepage drainage structure 2 can automatically drain the accumulated water in the structure within a predetermined time, so as to temporarily store surface runoff and rainwater again.

working principle

When it rains, rainwater and ground runoff enter the slow seepage drainage structure 2 through the permeable reinforced roof 7 and the water inlet 6 or either of them. Since the slow seepage drainage structure 2 has a water seepage rate of 5-50 cm/day, the slow seepage drainage structure 2 The water inside will be gradually discharged to the underground soil, and the groundwater level near the slow seepage drainage structure 2 will not be significantly raised during the rainfall and thereafter within a certain period of time. According to the gradient of the location of the slow seepage drainage structure 2, several partitions 8 are arranged in the slow seepage drainage structure 2, thereby dividing the slow seepage drainage structure 2 into several slow seepage water collection tanks. When the precipitation is small, if the water level inside the slow seepage drainage structure 2 does not exceed the height of the dividing plate, the water intercepted in each slow seepage collection tank will be gradually discharged to the underground soil, and will be automatically drained at a predetermined time. When the rainfall is large or surface water runoff from other high places enters the slow-seepage drainage structure 2, the water level in the slow-seepage drainage structure 2 exceeds the height of the internal partition 8, and the excess part can be discharged to rivers or other cut-offs. Water facilities, thereby reducing the risk of urban flooding.

When a certain amount of muck is deposited in the slow seepage drainage structure 2 , the reinforced top cover 7 can be opened to desilt or replace the filter material 3 in the slow seepage drainage structure 2 .

The specific parameters such as the height, width, water inlet size and distance of the slow seepage drainage structure 2, the distance of the partition 8, and the height of the partition will be determined by the local slope, the height of the groundwater table, the expected surface runoff, and the interval and size of two adjacent rainfalls. factors are determined together.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structures, equivalent process transformations, appropriate deletions or additions, or direct or Indirect applications in other related technical fields are equally included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An underground slow-seepage drainage system after first storing water, comprising a slow-seepage drainage structure with filter material, a reinforced top cover, several permeable water inlets and several partitions, characterized in that the specific structure is: the system There is filter material laid in the slow seepage drainage structure to prevent the suspended particles carried by the surface runoff from entering the slow seepage material, and there is a reinforced roof on the upper part of the slow seepage drainage structure that can be used as a sidewalk, parking lot or ground activity place The cover is equipped with a permeable water inlet that can prevent the large particles carried by the ground runoff from entering the slow seepage drainage structure, and a partition that can intercept the rainwater in the slow seepage drainage structure on the spot to prevent the inflow of rainwater that has not been drained by slow seepage on the spot low-lying places. 2. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall and bottom of the slow seepage drainage structure are made of slow seepage materials or one of the sides is made of slow seepage materials. 3. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the slow seepage drainage structure is any one of bottom seepage type, wall seepage type, bottom wall double seepage type, preferably wall seepage type . 4. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional form of the slow seepage drainage structure is set according to the terrain, and is set as trapezoidal, circular or rectangular, and the entity of the slow seepage drainage structure The structures are elongated, cylindrical or square geometries. 5. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall and bottom of the slow seepage drainage structure are provided with filter materials to filter out small particles carried by ground runoff and prevent slow seepage The material is blocked, the filter material is preferably a geotextile. 6. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that several water inlets are arranged along the edge of the slow seepage drainage structure, and the water inlets are made of highly permeable materials, which are permeable The rate is 0.1-10 cm/sec. 7. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that several water inlets are arranged along the edge of the slow seepage drainage structure, and the water permeability rate of the high water permeability material of the water inlets is 0.5-2 cm /Second. 8. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforced top cover is made of reinforced permeable material, which can filter out large particles carried by ground runoff, allowing rainwater and ground runoff to quickly Access to slow seepage drainage structures. 9. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition is made of impermeable material, and the height of the partition is slightly lower than the clear height of the slow seepage drainage structure and exceeds the height of the partition The water in the wall can flow to the river or other water interception facilities, and the longitudinal distance of the partition is determined by the local slope, rainfall, and ground runoff factors. 10. The underground water storage first and then slow seepage drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the seepage rate of the slow seepage drainage structure is 5-50 cm/day.