CN107186188B - Cold-drawing processing equipment and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Cold-drawing processing equipment and processing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107186188B
CN107186188B CN201710127840.8A CN201710127840A CN107186188B CN 107186188 B CN107186188 B CN 107186188B CN 201710127840 A CN201710127840 A CN 201710127840A CN 107186188 B CN107186188 B CN 107186188B
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alloy
dummy bar
dummy
alloy piece
cold drawing
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CN107186188A (en
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吕锦明
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Great Miles Inc Ltd
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Great Miles Inc Ltd
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Priority to AU2018201354A priority patent/AU2018201354B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure
    • B22D11/081—Starter bars
    • B22D11/083—Starter bar head; Means for connecting or detaching starter bars and ingots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/126—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/163—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cutting cast stock

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of machining, and provides cold-drawing processing equipment and a processing method thereof, wherein the cold-drawing processing equipment comprises: at least one dummy bar device, the dummy bar device comprises a dummy bar rod and a dummy bar head, and the dummy bar head is removably arranged below the dummy bar rod; when the cold drawing processing equipment is in an initial processing position, the dummy bar head penetrates through the circulation channel of the crystallizer to be inserted into the alloy melt of the heat preservation furnace, and the alloy part is pulled upwards from the heat preservation furnace; at least one withdrawal and straightening machine comprises: the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a first preset position upwards; the impact hammer is used for knocking the dummy bar device until the dummy bar is separated from the dummy head when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece; and the clamping shears are completely closed when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a second preset position upwards, and the alloy piece is sheared. Therefore, the cold-drawing processing equipment and the cold-drawing processing method provided by the invention save processing procedures, processing time and energy in cold-drawing processing.

Description

Cold-drawing processing equipment and processing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to cold-drawing machining equipment and a machining method thereof.
Background
In machining, the aluminum alloy rod produced by cold drawing has more advantages than the aluminum alloy rod produced by hot drawing, including smooth surface, high dimensional accuracy and controllable strength and hardness. Further, cold drawing produces metal in one of the Continuous casting modes, namely Continuous casting or strand casting, which improves yield, quality, productivity and cost effectiveness. In particular, continuous casting is a method that can produce higher quality metallic materials at lower cost. The casting method is also suitable for copper alloy, zinc alloy and other alloy materials.
In the prior art, the molten metal is stored in a cold drawing mode by using a heat retainer at a temperature which is maintained at a temperature slightly higher than the melting point of the metal, for example, the melting point of aluminum is 660.3 ℃, or the melting points of aluminum alloys with different components are different:
the Chinese standards (national standards) are shown in Table 1 below
Aluminum alloy brand Melting Point Range (. degree.C.)
2024 500-635
5052 607-650
5083 570-640
6061 580-650
7050 490-630
7075 475-635
TABLE 1
The chemical components of each aluminum alloy mark of the Chinese standard (national standard) are shown in the following table 2:
Figure GDA0002392086930000011
TABLE 2
In one of the continuous casting methods for aluminum alloy, cold drawing can provide an effective production method, and further, cold drawing can produce metal in one of the continuous casting methods, wherein the metal is cut off by drawing upwards about 8 meters in an upward drawing process to produce aluminum alloy rods 8 meters long. The cold drawing tool needs to be adjusted or cannot handle if the length of the alloy rod is to be changed, or if an aluminium alloy billet (slab) or ingot (ingot) is to be produced instead, for example a billet of 1 meter length.
Aluminum alloys are relatively soft, viscous, poorly flowable at elevated temperatures, i.e., near or above the melting point, and tend to stick to the mold, creating the conditions required for cold drawing. The raw materials of the aluminum alloy are adjusted according to the weight, such as the proportion of different metals represented by the marks of the different national standards, and are placed in a line frequency furnace (also called a line frequency electric furnace) for heating and melting, because the line frequency furnace uses electricity as energy for heating, the metal can be melted and heated by the line frequency furnace, the heating is even, the burning loss is less, the adjustment of the components of the molten metal is facilitated, and the pollution is less. The power frequency electric furnace has the disadvantages of low speed of melting cold materials, starting blocks for starting the cold furnace and inflexible production, so that the power frequency electric furnace is more suitable for a continuous smelting process. The power factor of the power frequency electric furnace is low, a large number of compensation capacitors need to be configured, and the occupied area and the equipment investment are increased. The capacity of a common industrial frequency electric furnace is between 6 and 10 tons. In other embodiments, an electric resistance furnace is used as a raw material for heating the alloy instead of a commercial electric furnace. Further, there are also natural gas furnaces that use other energy sources. Specifically, the metal is heated and melted into liquid in a power frequency electric furnace, flows to a holding furnace, is kept above the melting point of the aluminum alloy, and is used as a standing step in the processing procedure, and the standing step is to enable gas in the molten metal to slowly rise upwards in the process of holding and standing so as to enable the gas in the molten metal to completely overflow as much as possible. After the standing procedure, the guide rod can be carried out, the guide rod device is large enough to comprise a crystallizer arranged on a heat preservation furnace, the main function of the crystallizer is to cool alloy melt, the crystallizer is large enough to be hollow, the metal melt flows through and is cooled in the crystallizer, and the inner cross section of the crystallizer can be a cold-drawn metal round rod when being round or a cold-drawn metal rectangular rod when being rectangular. The crystallizer generally comprises a graphite mold, a water cooling jacket, a protective sleeve and the like, when molten metal enters an inner cavity of the crystallizer, primary cooling is carried out, and in the continuous casting process, a cooled metal rod upwards leaves the inner cavity of the crystallizer and contacts air to carry out secondary cooling. (details ofDetailed description of the drawings and the accompanying text, reference is made to the attached copper wire blank casting techniques 6.1 and 6.12, and the networkhttp://www.chinabaike.com/z/yj/tong/719543.htmlAlthough the attached document discusses the casting of copper tubes, the structure is identical and the temperatures referred to are adapted to different melting points. ) The "continuous casting technique of copper wire blank 6.1 and 6.12" is published in book "smelting and casting technique of copper and copper alloy", publication date is 2007, 9 and 1, publication society is the publication of metallurgical industry, and authors are shanguiquai and li yangqu.
In addition, in the prior art, the standard length of the cast alloy rod is 6 meters or other lengths, that is, the alloy rod manufactured by the cold drawing technique is pulled to a specific length, a pair of clamping shears (a pair of shears) arranged in the straightening and withdrawal machine shears the metal rod, and the alloy rod of the next section is continuously pulled upwards.
Further, if the length of the alloy rod needs to be adjusted so as to produce an alloy billet instead, the length is 1m, and the furnace is shut down to adjust the height of the clamping shears. As described in the background information, the energy and time required from the shutdown to the return to the normal production are large due to the temperature and capacity of the power frequency furnace and the insulating ember, and the shutdown to adjust the length of the metal rod or to convert the metal rod into the ingot production is time-consuming and energy-wasting.
In summary, the conventional cold drawing technology has disadvantages and drawbacks in practical use, so it is necessary to improve the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides a cold-drawing processing apparatus and a processing method thereof, so as to save processing procedures, processing time and energy in cold-drawing processing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cold-drawing processing apparatus for processing an alloy piece, the cold-drawing processing apparatus including a raw material melting furnace, a holding furnace, and at least one mold, characterized in that the cold-drawing processing apparatus further includes:
at least one dummy bar device comprising a dummy bar and a dummy head removably mounted below the dummy bar; and when the cold drawing processing equipment is in an initial processing position, the dummy bar head passes through the circulation channel of the crystallizer and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace, and the alloy piece is pulled upwards from the holding furnace;
at least one withdrawal and straightening machine comprising:
the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a first preset position;
the impact hammer is used for knocking the dummy bar device until the dummy bar and the dummy head are separated when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece;
and the clamping shears are completely closed when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a second preset position upwards, and the alloy piece is sheared.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the withdrawal and straightening machine further comprises:
at least two pairs of drawing clamps including an upper drawing clamp and a lower drawing clamp, the upper drawing clamp gripping an upper portion of the alloy piece when the positioning device grips the upper portion of the alloy piece, and the lower drawing clamp gripping a lower portion of the alloy piece when the upper drawing clamp continues to draw the alloy piece to the second predetermined position;
the impact hammer driver comprises a spring and a driving motor pressurized on the spring, and the spring is connected with the impact hammer; the impact hammer driver is pressed on the spring through the rotation of the driving motor to drive the impact hammer to knock the dummy ingot device.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, when the dummy bar device pulls the alloy piece to reach a third preset position upwards, the clamping and shearing part is closed, partial clamping and shearing operation is carried out on the alloy piece, and after the partial clamping and shearing operation, a weak break point is obtained at the corresponding position on the alloy piece.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the length of the sheared alloy piece is a first preset length; the third preset position comprises a plurality of weak break points, the alloy piece is provided with a plurality of weak break points, and the length between two adjacent weak break points is a second preset length; the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the clamping shears are completely opened when being at a first preset position;
the clamping and shearing part is closed, and the clamping and shearing degree is 40%.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the cold drawing processing equipment further comprises:
and the controller is used for presetting the first preset position, the second preset position and the third preset position and controlling the cold drawing processing process of the cold drawing processing equipment.
According to the cold drawing process apparatus, the crystallizer comprises:
the inner sleeve is internally provided with the circulation channel;
the outer sleeve is arranged outside the inner sleeve, and forms a space with the inner sleeve, and the space is communicated with cooling liquid.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the cross section of the flow channel is circular or rectangular;
the inner sleeve and/or the outer sleeve are/is made of graphite;
the cooling liquid is water or engine oil.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the dummy bar head comprises an upper end part and a lower end part, and the shape of the upper end part of the dummy bar head is larger than that of the lower end part;
the upper end of the dummy bar head is provided with a groove, the groove is matched with the bottom of the dummy bar, and the cross section of the groove is circular or rectangular.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the withdrawal and straightening machine further comprises:
a mold fixing device for fixing at least one mold and controlling the elevation and displacement of the mold;
the fixing column is used for fixing the positioning device, the clamping shears, the impact hammer, the traction clamp and the impact hammer driver;
the mounting centers of the positioning device, the clamping scissors and the traction clamp are positioned on the same axis.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the raw material melting furnace is communicated with the heat preservation furnace; the alloy piece is an alloy rod or an alloy ingot.
According to the cold drawing processing equipment, the alloy rod is an aluminum alloy rod; the alloy ingot is an aluminum alloy ingot.
In order to achieve another object of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method of processing an alloy piece using the cold drawing processing apparatus of any one of the above, the cold drawing processing apparatus including a raw material melting furnace, a holding furnace, and at least one mold, the method including:
A. when at least one dummy ingot device is at the initial processing position of the cold drawing processing equipment, a dummy ingot head of the dummy ingot device penetrates through a circulation channel of the crystallizer to be inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace, and the alloy piece is pulled upwards from the holding furnace;
B. when the dummy bar device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a first preset position, the positioning device of at least one withdrawal straightening machine clamps the upper part of the alloy piece;
C. when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy part, the impact hammer of the withdrawal and straightening machine strikes the dummy bar device until the dummy bar is separated from the dummy head;
D. and the clamping shears of the withdrawal and straightening machine are completely closed when the dummy bar device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a second preset position, and the alloy piece is sheared.
According to the method, the withdrawal and straightening machine further comprises at least two pairs of traction clamps, including an upper traction clamp and a lower traction clamp; the step B further comprises the following steps:
the upper traction clamp clamps the upper part of the alloy piece when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece, and the lower traction clamp clamps the lower part of the alloy piece when the upper traction clamp continuously pulls the alloy piece to the second preset position;
before the step D, the method further comprises the following steps:
E. and when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a third preset position upwards, the clamping shears are partially closed, the alloy piece is partially clamped, and after the partial clamping shears are operated, a weak break point is obtained at the corresponding position on the alloy piece.
According to the method, in the step B, the length of the sheared alloy piece is a first preset length;
in the step E, the third predetermined position includes a plurality of positions, the alloy member has a plurality of weak folding points, and a length between two adjacent weak folding points is a second predetermined length;
the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length.
According to the method, the clipper is fully opened when in a first preset position;
the clamping and shearing part is closed, and the clamping and shearing degree is 40%.
According to the method, the cold drawing processing equipment further comprises an impact hammer driver, the impact hammer driver comprises a spring and a driving motor pressing on the spring, and the spring is connected with the impact hammer;
in the step D, the impact hammer driver is pressed on the spring through the rotation of the driving motor to drive the impact hammer to knock the dummy bar device until the dummy bar and the dummy head are separated.
According to the method, the cold-drawing processing equipment further comprises a controller; the method further comprises the following steps:
the first predetermined position, the second predetermined position, and the third predetermined position are preset by the controller.
According to said method, said crystallizer comprises:
the inner sleeve is internally provided with the circulation channel;
the outer sleeve is arranged outside the inner sleeve, and forms a space with the inner sleeve, and the space is communicated with cooling liquid.
According to the method, the cross section of the flow-through channel is circular or rectangular;
the inner sleeve and/or the outer sleeve are/is made of graphite;
the cooling liquid is water or engine oil.
According to the method, the dummy bar head comprises an upper end part and a lower end part, and the upper end part of the dummy bar head is larger in shape than the lower end part;
the upper end of the dummy bar head is provided with a groove, the groove is matched with the bottom of the dummy bar, and the cross section of the groove is circular or rectangular.
According to the method, the withdrawal and straightening unit further comprises:
the fixing column is used for fixing the positioning device, the clamping shears, the impact hammer, the traction clamp and the impact hammer driver; the mounting centers of the positioning device, the clamping scissors and the traction clamp are positioned on the same axis; and a crystallizer fixing device;
before the step A, the method comprises the following steps:
G. the crystallizer fixing device fixes at least one crystallizer, and the crystallizer is positioned at a preset height above the alloy melt in the holding furnace when cold drawing processing is not started; or the crystallizer is positioned beside the holding furnace.
According to the method, the raw material melting furnace and the holding furnace are communicated with each other; the alloy piece is an alloy rod or an alloy ingot.
According to the method, the alloy rod is an aluminum alloy rod; the alloy ingot is an aluminum alloy ingot.
The dummy bar device of the cold drawing processing equipment is provided with the dummy bar and the dummy bar head, and the dummy bar head is removably arranged below the dummy bar; and when the cold drawing processing equipment is at an initial processing position, a dummy bar head passes through the circulation channel of the crystallizer and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace, and the alloy piece is pulled upwards from the holding furnace; when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a first preset position, the positioning device of the withdrawal and straightening machine clamps the upper part of the alloy piece; when the impact hammer clamps the upper part of the alloy part at the positioning device, knocking the dummy bar device until the dummy bar is separated from the dummy head; and the clamping shears are completely closed when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a second preset position upwards, and the alloy piece is sheared. And the height of the second preset position and the relative position of the clamping shears are the length of the alloy piece to be produced. Therefore, an operator can quickly and conveniently produce alloy pieces with different lengths in cold drawing processing by adjusting the height of the second preset position and the relative position of the clamping shears. The length of the alloy piece does not need to be adjusted or the alloy piece is converted into an alloy ingot, so that the processing time and energy are saved. Also, alloy rods or billets of different lengths can be cast, reducing the need to stop the production process for producing different products. The method can produce products similar to alloy ingots, and increases the flexibility of the production line and the overall competitiveness of enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a cold drawing process in progress as provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crystallizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a withdrawal and straightening machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 3A;
FIG. 3C is a top view of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram of a withdrawal and straightening machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a schematic view of an alloy rod with a weak break representation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 4A;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method of cold drawing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In various embodiments, the related art is applicable to copper, aluminum, zinc alloy, copper alloy and aluminum alloy, and different metals or alloys have different characteristics, but because the melting points are relatively similar, the used tools are approximately the same, and the production furnaces can also be shared. The discussion in this application applies to the casting of the metal or alloy.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, 3A to 3D, and 4A and 4B, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cold-drawing processing apparatus for processing an alloy piece 10, the cold-drawing processing apparatus including a raw material melting furnace 20, a holding furnace 30, and at least one mold 40, and further including:
at least one dummy bar device 50, the dummy bar device 50 comprising a dummy bar 51 and a dummy bar head 52, the dummy bar head 52 being removably mounted below the dummy bar 51; and at the initial processing position of the cold drawing processing equipment, the dummy bar head 52 passes through the flow channel 41 of the crystallizer 40 and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace 30, and the alloy piece 10 is pulled upwards from the holding furnace 30;
at least one withdrawal and straightening machine 60 comprising:
the positioning device 61, when the dummy ingot device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upwards to reach a first preset position, the positioning device 61 clamps the upper part of the alloy piece 10;
the impact hammer 62 is used for knocking the dummy bar device 50 until the dummy bar 51 is separated from the dummy head 52 when the positioning device 61 clamps the upper part of the alloy part 10;
and the clamping shears 63 are completely closed when the dummy ingot device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upwards to reach the second preset position, and the alloy piece 10 is sheared.
The cold drawing apparatus provided in this embodiment is used to machine the alloy piece 10. The cold drawing processing apparatus includes a raw material melting furnace 20, a holding furnace 30, and at least one crystallizer 40. The raw material melting furnace 20 for the alloy may be a power frequency furnace, and the raw material melting furnace 20 heats and melts the alloy and maintains the temperature of the alloy melt higher than the melting point of the alloy by the holding furnace 30. One dummy bar device 50 corresponds to one mold 40. In this embodiment, the dummy bar device 50 includes a dummy bar 51 and a dummy head 52, the dummy head 52 being removably mounted below the dummy bar 51; and in the initial processing position of the cold drawing processing equipment (i.e. preparing to start drawing the alloy piece 10 from the holding furnace 30 by the dummy bar device 50), the dummy bar head 52 is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace 30 through the flow channel 41 of the crystallizer 40, and the alloy piece 10 is drawn upwards from the holding furnace 30. Specifically, the molten alloy is cooled to cast the alloy rod, and the molten alloy is first cooled by flowing through the mold 40. The dummy bar device 50 is descended from the upper part of the holding furnace 30 to the crystallizer 40 by the traction device and is drawn upwards by the traction device, namely, the dummy bar device 50 starts the dummy bar in the crystallizer 40 to perform cold drawing upwards. In addition, when the dummy bar device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upward to the first predetermined position, the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 clamps the upper part of the alloy piece 10; when the positioning device 61 clamps the upper part of the alloy part 10, the impact hammer 62 strikes the dummy bar device 50 until the dummy bar 51 is separated from the dummy head 52; after the dummy bar 51 and the dummy head 52 are separated, the dummy bar 51 can be stored by the storage device, and a new dummy bar device 50 can be quickly called to produce the next alloy piece. When the dummy ingot device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upwards to reach the second preset position, the clamping shears 63 are completely closed, and the alloy piece 10 is sheared. The height of the second predetermined location relative to the position of the shears 63 is the length of alloy piece 10 that needs to be produced. Therefore, an operator can quickly and conveniently produce alloy pieces with different lengths in production by adjusting the height of the second preset position and the relative position of the clamping shears 63. And the process does not need to be stopped to adjust the length of the alloy piece or to be converted into the process of producing the alloy ingot, which causes the waste of processing time and energy. In one embodiment of the present invention, the alloy piece 10 may be an alloy rod or an alloy ingot. Preferably, the alloy rod is an aluminum alloy rod; the alloy ingot is an aluminum alloy ingot.
In one embodiment of the present invention, withdrawal straightening machine 60 further includes:
a mold fixing device 45 for fixing at least one mold 40 and controlling the elevation and displacement of the mold 40;
a fixing column 66 for fixing the positioning device 61, the clamping shears 63, the impact hammer 62, the traction clamp 65 and the impact hammer driver 64;
the mounting centers of the positioning device 61, the clamp shears 63 and the traction clamp 65 are on the same axis.
In this embodiment, a commercial furnace as shown in the left pass of FIG. 1 is used to heat a metal raw material or an alloy of different metal raw materials required for the metal raw material or the alloy in proportion to the melting point of the metal or the alloy, and the molten metal is introduced into the holding furnace 30 of the right pass of FIG. 1 to be left standing and then cold drawn after allowing the air in the molten metal to slowly rise. In the continuous cold-drawing process of the alloy rod shown in fig. 1, the crystallizer 40 is cooled by water or other means for the first time, the finished alloy rod is drawn and drawn up, the space formed in the crystallizer 40 is supplemented by the alloy melt in the holding furnace 30, and the alloy rod is cooled and becomes harder by the crystallizer 40 and is drawn upward to leave the crystallizer 40 and directly contact with air. The alloy rod is contacted with air for further secondary cooling.
In one embodiment of the present invention, withdrawal straightening machine 60 further includes:
at least two pairs of drawing clamps 65, including an upper drawing clamp 651 and a lower drawing clamp 652, the upper drawing clamp 651 clamps the upper portion of the alloy piece 10 when the positioning device 61 clamps the upper portion of the alloy piece, and the lower drawing clamp 653 clamps the lower portion of the alloy piece 10 when the upper drawing clamp 651 continues to draw the alloy piece 10 to the second predetermined position;
a hammer impact driver 64 including a spring and a drive motor pressing on the spring, the spring being connected to the hammer impact 62; the hammer actuator 64 is pressed against the spring by the rotation of the drive motor, and drives the hammer 62 to strike the dummy bar assembly 50.
In this embodiment, withdrawal straightening machine 60 includes at least two pairs of pulling clamps 65. When the positioning device 61 clamps the upper portion of the alloy member 10, the upper pulling clamp 651 clamps the upper portion of the alloy member, that is, when the upper pulling clamp 651 is lifted to a predetermined height, for example, 8 meters, and the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is lowered to the position shown in fig. 3D, at this time, if the clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 shear the alloy member 10, the length of the alloy member 10 is a first predetermined length, for example, 8 meters. The holding device of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 retracts the bottom of the fixed cold-drawn alloy piece 10, and the other drawing clamp 65 lowers and retracts the lower position of the clamped alloy piece 10. As shown in fig. 3D, the pair of clamps 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 receives the sheared alloy piece 10, and the upper pulling clamp 651 pulls the first predetermined length of the alloy piece 10 having completed the cold drawing process away from the holding furnace 30 for post-processing and further cooling. The lower pulling grip 652 continues to be cold drawn upward. The tension leveler 60 has a plurality of parts connected by fixing posts 66, a positioning device 61 in the form of openable pincer, and a pair of pinchers 63 in the form of openable strong scissors capable of cutting the alloy 10. The impact hammer 62 is driven by the impact hammer driver 64 to beat towards the dummy bar 51 to leave the dummy bar head 52.
In one embodiment of the present invention, if the clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 are partially closed when the dummy bar 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upward to reach the third predetermined position, the alloy piece 10 is partially clamped by the clamping shears 63, and after the partial clamping shears 63 are operated, the weak point 101 is obtained at the corresponding position on the alloy piece 10, as shown in fig. 4. Specifically, the length of the sheared alloy piece 10 is a first preset length; the third preset position can comprise a plurality of, the alloy piece 10 is provided with a plurality of weak break points 101, and the length between two adjacent weak break points 101 is a second preset length; the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length, for example, by machining a 5 meter long piece of alloy 10, where the piece 10 has 5 weak points 101, the first predetermined length is 5 meters, and the second predetermined length is 1 meter. Specifically, in the machining process, the clamping scissors 63 are completely opened when being at a first preset position; when the valve is at the second preset position, the valve is completely closed; in the third predetermined position, the scissors 63 are partially closed with a degree of closure of the scissors 63 of 40%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each time traction clamp 65 is raised 1 meter, withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is lowered to the position shown in fig. 3D, for example, a second predetermined length of 1 meter, and a pair of clamps 63 of withdrawal and straightening unit 60 clamps about 40%, forming a weak point 101. And the pair of clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 latches the sheared alloy pieces 10 whenever the total length is the first predetermined length. As shown in fig. 4. The cold-drawing processing equipment further comprises a controller, and the controller presets a first preset position, a second preset position and a third preset position. Of course, the controller also controls the operation of the various components of the cold-drawing processing device, i.e., the cold-drawing processing process of the cold-drawing processing device, by means of the control program.
In one embodiment of the present invention, during cold drawing of the cold drawing apparatus, the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is lowered to the position shown in fig. 3A for every second predetermined length of the alloy piece 10, and the pair of clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is latched to about 40% to form the weak point 101 shown in fig. 4. Further, the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is lowered to the position shown in fig. 3D every time the alloy piece 10 is raised by the first predetermined length, the other lower pulling clamp 652 is lowered to a position below the pair of clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit, and the pair of clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is latched to shear the alloy piece 10, so that a new alloy piece 10 is formed and cold drawing is continued. The positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 releases the fixed alloy piece 10, and the whole withdrawal and straightening unit 60 leaves the upper space of the holding furnace 30. The upper traction clamp 65 drives the finished cold-drawn alloy piece 10 to leave the upper space of the holding furnace 30, and the lower traction clamp 652 continues to rise.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, the crystallizer 40 of the cold drawing processing apparatus comprises:
an inner sleeve 42 in which a flow channel 41 is provided;
the outer sleeve 43 is disposed outside the inner sleeve 42 and forms a space 44 with the inner sleeve 42, and the space 44 is filled with cooling liquid. The cross section of the flow channel 41 is circular or rectangular; the inner sleeve 42 and/or the outer sleeve 43 are made of graphite; the cooling liquid is water or engine oil.
In this embodiment, the mold 40 is composed of an inner sleeve 42 and an outer sleeve 43, and a space 44 composed of the inner sleeve 42 and the outer sleeve 43 is used for circulating cooling liquid. The molten metal used as cooling liquid flowing through the cavity of the mold 40 is first cooled. The inner shell 42 of the crystallizer 40 defines a flow channel 41 from bottom to top, the cross section of the flow channel 41 can be circular or rectangular, for producing cylindrical metal bars or for producing rectangular metal. In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer sleeve 43 and the inner sleeve 42 are made of graphite, which has characteristics of high temperature resistance, high thermal conductivity and lubrication, and a fluid can be circulated between the inner sleeve 42 and the outer sleeve 43, the circulated fluid can be used for cooling, the high thermal conductivity can effectively cool the alloy melt flowing through the inner cavity (i.e. the circulation channel 41) formed by the inner sleeve 42 of the mold 40, and the lubrication characteristics of the graphite prevent the cooled alloy melt from attaching to the surface of the inner wall.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the cold drawing processing equipment takes a cold drawing cast alloy rod as an example, and takes a raw material melting furnace 20 (also called a power frequency furnace), a holding furnace 30, and the raw material melting furnace 20 and the holding furnace 30 are communicated with each other; the alloy melt is melted and kept at a temperature just above the melting point of the alloy, such as the casting national standard aluminum alloy 5052, the melting point of which is 607-650 ℃, and the temperature of the holding furnace 30 is kept at about 680 ℃. The mold 40 is lowered until the mold 40 is partially below the molten alloy, the dummy bar device 50 is lowered into the mold 40, and approximately as shown in fig. 2, that is, the connection position of the dummy bar 51 and the dummy head 52 is located above the molten alloy, the mold 40 starts to be filled with the cooling liquid, the molten alloy in the space between the flow channel 41 defined by the inner sleeve 42 of the mold 40 and the dummy bar device 50 is cooled for the first time, the dummy bar device 50 starts to be pulled upward when the molten alloy is semi-solidified, and the top of the semi-solidified point of the alloy is located at the joint of the dummy bar device 50 and above the alloy bar. The vacuum is formed in the mold 40 by the rising of the dummy bar 51 and is replenished with the alloy melt in the holding furnace 30.
Referring to fig. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dummy bar head 52 of the cold drawing processing apparatus includes an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and the upper end portion of the dummy bar head 52 has a larger outer shape than the lower end portion;
the upper end of the dummy bar head 52 is provided with a groove 521, the groove 521 is matched with the bottom of the dummy bar 51, and the cross section of the groove 521 is circular or rectangular.
In this embodiment, the dummy bar head 52 is provided with a groove 521, the cross section of the groove 521 is circular, and referring to fig. 3A, the dummy bar 51 can move according to the direction of the axis of the groove 521 to separate the dummy bar 51 from the dummy bar head 52 with the dummy bar head 52 fixed. The weight of dummy bar head 52 will hold dummy bar head 52 under dummy bar 51 in the absence of lateral tension. As shown in fig. 3B, for example, in the case of processing an alloy rod, the alloy rod is pulled upward by the dummy bar 51, the portion of the alloy rod leaving the mold 40 is cooled for the second time, and when the dummy bar 51 rises to a predetermined height, the positioning device 61 and the pulling clamp 65 of the withdrawal straightening machine 60 fix the alloy rod, in which case the bottom of the dummy bar head 52 is higher than the bottom of the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal straightening machine 60, and the pair of clamping shears 63 provided in the withdrawal straightening machine 60 collect the alloy rod and shear the alloy rod at the pair of clamping shears 63.
In an embodiment of the present invention, taking the example of processing an alloy rod, the processing process of the cold-drawing processing apparatus further includes: the dummy bar 51 is raised to a predetermined height, approximately as shown in fig. 3A and 3B, the positioning device 61 and the pair of clamps 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 are opened and lowered to the position shown in fig. 3A and 3B, and the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 latches the top of the alloy rod, which is located at a position where the hammer striker 62 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 can strike the end of the dummy bar 51 near the dummy head 52. The drawing clamp 65 from top to bottom descends below the pair of clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal straightening machine 60 and latches and clamps the lower end of the alloy rod, the impact hammer driver 64 drives the impact hammer 62 to impact the dummy bar 51 and separate the dummy bar 51 from the dummy head 52, and the pair of clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal straightening machine 60 latches and shears the alloy rod. The dummy bar 51 is separated from the dummy head 52 and is upwards collected, and the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 withdraws parts arranged by the fixing column 66 and arranges the alloy rod head dummy head 52 for reuse. The pulling grip 65 continues to rise upward and continues to cold pull upward at a rate corresponding to the rate at which the alloy rod cools. In one embodiment, the pull-in clip 65 is raised at a rate of 1mm per minute.
The drawing clamp 65 is not shown in fig. 3C, and for example, in the case of processing an alloy rod, the dummy bar 50 draws the alloy rod upward to stay at a specific position (i.e., a first predetermined position), the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 collects the fixed alloy rod, and the drawing clamp 65, which is not shown in the drawing, descends and collects the fixed alloy rod. The impact hammer 62 is impacted from the right side to the side of fig. 3C by the impact hammer driver 64, and the dummy bar 51 is separated from the fixed dummy head 52. The pair of pinch shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is latched to shear the alloy rod. The dummy bar 51 is retracted upwards by the traction of the dummy bar 51, the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening machine 60 withdraws the alloy bar top together with the dummy head 52 in a retracting manner, and transfers the alloy bar top together with the dummy head 52 out of the upper space of the holding furnace 30, and the fixing device is opened to put the alloy bar top together with the dummy head 52 in a recoverer (not shown in the figure). The lower pulling clamp 652 continues to rise for cold drawing: the semi-solidified alloy rod is raised in the crystallizer 40 to form a space, the space is filled with the alloy melt in the holding furnace 30, and the alloy rod is cooled for the first time in the crystallizer 40 and is separated from the crystallizer 40 upwards to be cooled for the second time. Wherein, the impact hammer driver 64 comprises a spring and a driving motor pressurized on the spring, and the spring is connected with the impact hammer 62; the hammer actuator 64 is pressed against the spring by the rotation of the drive motor, and drives the hammer 62 to strike the dummy bar assembly 50.
Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of processing an alloy piece 10 using a cold drawing processing apparatus provided in the above embodiments, the cold drawing processing apparatus including a raw material melting furnace 20, a holding furnace 30, and at least one mold 40, the method including:
in step S501, when at least one dummy ingot device 50 is at the initial processing position of the cold drawing processing apparatus, the dummy ingot head 52 of the dummy ingot device 50 passes through the flow channel 41 of the crystallizer 40 and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace 30, and the alloy piece 10 is pulled upward from the holding furnace 30;
in step S502, when the dummy bar device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upward to reach a first predetermined position, the positioning device 61 of at least one withdrawal and straightening unit 60 clamps the upper portion of the alloy piece 10;
in step S503, when the impact hammer 62 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 clamps the upper portion of the alloy piece 10 by the positioning device 61, knocking the dummy bar device 50 until the dummy bar 51 and the dummy head 52 are separated;
in step S504, the clamp 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is completely closed when the dummy bar 50 pulls the alloy 10 upward to the second predetermined position, and performs a shearing operation on the alloy 10.
In this embodiment, the method for processing the alloy piece 10 by the cold drawing processing equipment is as follows: when the dummy ingot device 50 is at the initial processing position of the cold drawing processing equipment, a dummy ingot head 52 of the dummy ingot device 50 passes through the flow channel 41 of the crystallizer 40 and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace 30, and the alloy part 10 is pulled upwards from the holding furnace 30; when the dummy bar device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upwards to reach a first preset position, the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening machine 60 clamps the upper part of the alloy piece 10; when the positioning device 61 clamps the upper part of the alloy part 10, the impact hammer 62 of the withdrawal and straightening machine 60 strikes the dummy bar device 50 until the dummy bar 51 is separated from the dummy head 52; the clamp 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is completely closed when the dummy bar 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upward to the second predetermined position, and performs a shearing operation on the alloy piece 10. Specifically, the molten alloy is cooled to cast the alloy rod, and the molten alloy is first cooled by flowing through the mold 40. The dummy bar device 50 is descended from the upper part of the holding furnace 30 to the crystallizer 40 by the traction device and is drawn upwards by the traction device, namely, the dummy bar device 50 starts the dummy bar in the crystallizer 40 to perform cold drawing upwards. In addition, when the dummy bar device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upward to the first predetermined position, the positioning device 61 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 clamps the upper part of the alloy piece 10; when the positioning device 61 clamps the upper part of the alloy part 10, the impact hammer 62 strikes the dummy bar device 50 until the dummy bar 51 is separated from the dummy head 52; after the dummy bar 51 and the dummy head 52 are separated, the dummy bar 51 can be stored by the storage device, and a new dummy bar device 50 can be quickly called to produce the next alloy piece. When the dummy ingot device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upwards to reach the second preset position, the clamping shears 63 are completely closed, and the alloy piece 10 is sheared. The height of the second predetermined location relative to the position of the shears 63 is the length of alloy piece 10 that needs to be produced. Therefore, an operator can quickly and conveniently produce alloy pieces with different lengths in production by adjusting the height of the second preset position and the relative position of the clamping shears 63. And the process does not need to be stopped to adjust the length of the alloy piece or to be converted into the process of producing the alloy ingot, which causes the waste of processing time and energy. In one embodiment of the present invention, the alloy piece 10 may be an alloy rod or an alloy ingot. Preferably, the alloy rod is an aluminum alloy rod; the alloy ingot is an aluminum alloy ingot.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the withdrawal straightening machine 60 further includes at least two pairs of pulling clamps 65, including an upper pulling clamp 651 and a lower pulling clamp 652; the step S502 further includes:
an upper pulling clamp 651 for clamping an upper portion of the alloy piece 10 while the positioning device 61 is clamping the upper portion of the alloy piece, and a lower pulling clamp for clamping a lower portion of the alloy piece while the upper pulling clamp continues to pull the alloy piece to the second predetermined position;
the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 further comprises at least two pairs of traction clamps 65; step S502 further includes:
at least two pairs of pulling clamps 65 hold the lower part of the alloy piece 10 when the positioning means 61 clamps the upper part of the alloy piece 10;
in this embodiment, withdrawal straightening machine 60 includes at least two pairs of pulling clamps 65. When the positioning device 61 clamps the upper portion of the alloy member 10, the upper pulling clamp 651 clamps the upper portion of the alloy member, that is, when the upper pulling clamp 651 is lifted to a predetermined height, for example, 8 meters, and the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 is lowered to the position shown in fig. 3D, at this time, if the clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 shear the alloy member 10, the length of the alloy member 10 is a first predetermined length, for example, 8 meters. The holding device of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 retracts the bottom of the fixed cold-drawn alloy piece 10, and the other drawing clamp 65 lowers and retracts the lower position of the clamped alloy piece 10. As shown in fig. 3D, the pair of clamps 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 receives the sheared alloy piece 10, and the upper pulling clamp 651 pulls the first predetermined length of the alloy piece 10 having completed the cold drawing process away from the holding furnace 30 for post-processing and further cooling. The lower pulling grip 652 continues to be cold drawn upward. The tension leveler 60 has a plurality of parts connected by fixing posts 66, a positioning device 61 in the form of openable pincer, and a pair of pinchers 63 in the form of openable strong scissors capable of cutting the alloy 10. The impact hammer 62 is driven by the impact hammer driver 64 to beat towards the dummy bar 51 to leave the dummy bar head 52.
In an embodiment of the present invention, before step S504, the method further includes:
step S505, when the dummy ingot device 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upwards to reach the third preset position, the clamping shears 63 are partially closed, the alloy piece 10 is subjected to the operation of the partial clamping shears 63, and after the operation of the partial clamping shears 63, the weak break point 101 is obtained at the corresponding position on the alloy piece 10.
In this embodiment, if the clamping shears 63 of the withdrawal and straightening unit 60 partially close when the dummy bar 50 pulls the alloy piece 10 upward to reach the third predetermined position, the partial clamping shears 63 operate on the alloy piece 10, and after the partial clamping shears 63 operate, the weak breaking point 101 is obtained at the corresponding position on the alloy piece 10, as shown in fig. 4. Specifically, the length of the sheared alloy piece 10 is a first preset length; the third preset position can comprise a plurality of, the alloy piece 10 is provided with a plurality of weak break points 101, and the length between two adjacent weak break points 101 is a second preset length; the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length, for example, by machining a 5 meter long piece of alloy 10, where the piece 10 has 5 weak points 101, the first predetermined length is 5 meters, and the second predetermined length is 1 meter. Specifically, in the machining process, the clamping scissors 63 are completely opened when being at a first preset position; when the valve is at the second preset position, the valve is completely closed; in the third predetermined position, the scissors 63 are partially closed with a degree of closure of the scissors 63 of 40%.
In step S502, the length of the sheared alloy piece 10 is a first predetermined length;
in step S505, the third predetermined position includes a plurality of weak broken points 101, and the length between two adjacent weak broken points 101 is a second predetermined length; wherein the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length. When the clamping scissors 63 are at the first preset position, the clamping scissors are completely opened; the pinch shears 63 are partially closed to a degree of closure of the pinch shears 63 of 40%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cold drawing processing apparatus further comprises an impact hammer driver 64, the impact hammer driver 64 comprises a spring and a driving motor pressing on the spring, the spring is connected with the impact hammer 62;
in step S504, the impact hammer driver 64 is pressed against the spring by the rotation of the driving motor, and drives the impact hammer 62 to strike the dummy bar device 50 until the dummy bar 51 and the dummy head 52 are separated.
In this embodiment, a raw material melting furnace 20 of an alloy, such as a power frequency furnace, and a holding furnace 30 maintain the temperature of the alloy melt above about the melting point of the alloy. The raw material melting furnace 20 and the holding furnace 30 are communicated with each other. The cooling of the molten alloy casts an alloy rod, and the flow through the passages in the crystallizer 40 is subjected to a first cooling. The dummy bar is started to perform cold drawing upwards in the crystallizer 40 by a dummy bar device 50, the dummy bar device 50 comprises a dummy bar rod 51 and a dummy bar head 52, and the dummy bar head 52 is removably installed below the dummy bar rod 51. The dummy ingot device 50 is lowered from above the holding furnace 30 to the mold 40 by a pulling device and pulled upward. The withdrawal and straightening unit 60 comprises a positioning device 61, a pair of clamping shears 63 and an impact hammer 62 connected with an impact hammer driver 64, wherein the positioning device 61 is arranged in a clamp shape capable of being opened and closed, the pair of clamping shears 63 is strong scissors capable of being opened and closed and can be used for shearing alloy bars, and the impact hammer 62 is driven by the impact hammer driver 64 to beat towards the dummy bar 51 until leaving the dummy bar head 52. The fixing posts 66 are used for fixing and positioning the above components.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cold drawing processing apparatus further comprises a controller; the method further comprises the following steps:
presetting a first preset position, a second preset position and a third preset position through a controller, and controlling the cold drawing process of the cold drawing processing equipment. That is, further, the cold drawing devices are controlled in a programmed manner, including the operations in cooperation with the dummy bar device 50, the withdrawal and straightening unit 60, and the pulling grip 65. One holding furnace 30 can be provided with one or more crystallizers 40, each crystallizer 40 is provided with a dummy ingot device 50, a withdrawal and straightening unit 60 and at least two pairs of traction clamps 65. The plurality of molds 40 are installed at the mold 40 fixing device, and can lift the plurality of molds 40 at the same time.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the crystallizer 40 comprises:
an inner sleeve 42 in which a flow channel 41 is provided;
the outer sleeve 43 is disposed outside the inner sleeve 42 and forms a space 44 with the inner sleeve 42, and the space 44 is filled with cooling liquid. The cross section of the flow channel 41 is circular or rectangular; the inner sleeve 42 and/or the outer sleeve 43 are made of graphite; the cooling liquid is water or engine oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the dummy bar head 52 includes an upper end portion and a lower end portion, and the upper end portion of the dummy bar head 52 has a larger outer shape than the lower end portion;
the upper end of the dummy bar head 52 is provided with a groove 521, the groove 521 is matched with the bottom of the dummy bar 51, and the cross section of the groove 521 is circular or rectangular.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dummy bar means 50 has an external shape that is large enough to fit the hollow cross-section of the mold 40, for example, the hollow cross-section of the mold 40 is circular, and the dummy bar means 50 has a circular external shape and functions to pull the cooled metal bar upward. The dummy bar device 50 includes a dummy bar head 52, a dummy bar 51, and a dummy bar 51 storage device. The shape and size of the dummy bar head 52 are as large as the inner cavity of the mold 40, and the dummy bar 51 with the dummy bar head 52 is used for blocking the lower opening of the mold 40 with the dummy bar head 52 before starting cold drawing, so that the molten metal is solidified at the portion of the dummy bar head 52, and the cast ingot is drawn out by the upward dummy bar drawing device 50. After passing through the secondary cooling zone and passing through the withdrawal and straightening unit 60, the dummy bar 51 is separated from the casting blank, and the dummy bar 51 enters the storage device to be used for the next casting. In one embodiment, the dummy bar assembly 50 is actually a solid arcuate round bar with a protruding nose and the dummy bar 51 has a removable dummy head. When the cast slab enters the withdrawal and straightening unit 60, an auxiliary impact hammer 62 automatically presses or impacts the dummy bar 51 to separate the dummy bar 51 from the dummy head 52 and the cast slab. In the withdrawal and straightening unit 60, the formed cast strand is pulled upward. The drawing speed is determined according to the physical properties of the cast metal or alloy. The continuous cold drawing process and the continuous cold drawing tool are suitable for casting copper and aluminum with lower melting points and alloy bar billets of copper and aluminum.
In one embodiment of the present invention, withdrawal straightening machine 60 further includes:
a fixing column 66 for fixing the positioning device 61, the clamping shears 63, the impact hammer 62, the traction clamp 65 and the impact hammer driver 64; the mounting centers of the positioning device 61, the clamping shears 63 and the traction clamp 65 are on the same axis; and crystallizer 40 fixing means;
step S501 is preceded by:
the crystallizer 40 fixing device fixes at least one crystallizer 40, and when cold drawing processing is not started, the crystallizer 40 is positioned at a preset height above the alloy melt in the holding furnace 30; or the crystallizer 40 is positioned beside the holding furnace 30.
In one embodiment of the present invention, based on the production of alloy rods, a program-controlled device is added to clamp shears 63 disposed within withdrawal and straightening unit 60. When the pair of pinch shears 63 is in the first position, the pair of pinch shears 63 is fully extended, i.e. the metal bar or billet can move up in the extended pinch shears 63 without contact. When the pair of pinch shears 63 is in the second position, the pair of pinch shears 63 is half-spread, and when the pair of pinch shears 63 moves from the first position to the second position, the pinch shears 63 shear approximately 40% or so of the alloy rod to form a weak point 101, i.e., the unbroken cross-sectional area is approximately 60% of the cross-sectional area of the complete alloy rod. When the pair of clamping scissors 63 is at the third position, the pair of clamping scissors 63 is fully closed, and when the pair of clamping scissors 63 moves from the first position to the third position, the clamping scissors 63 shear the alloy rod. Preferably, the pair of pinch shears 63 is computer-programmed by the controller, the pinch shears 63 are allowed to be fully extended from the first position during continuous cold drawing, the pair of pinch shears 63 are computer-programmed to be clamped from the first position to the second position every time the alloy rod moves upward for 1m, and the pinch shears 63 are returned to the first position after the alloy rod being cast is half-sheared. The first position is opened, the second position is opened for 40% (serving as a weak breaking point), and the third position is a metal latch, namely, a pair of clamping shears cuts off the alloy rod, which specifically corresponds to the first preset position, the second preset position and the third preset position. Every time the alloy rod moves 8 meters upwards, the computer program controls the pair of clamping scissors 63 to clamp from the first position to the third position, the clamping scissors 63 return to the first position after the cast alloy rod is sheared, and the metal rod below the clamping scissors 63 is continuously pulled upwards by the clamp. In the above embodiment, the computer programs the frequency at which the pair of shears 63 move from the first position to the third position to shear the alloy rods, for example, when 8 metres of alloy rod are required to be cast, it is necessary to shear the alloy rods per 8 metres of shears 63, or when 12 metres of alloy rod are required to be cast, it is necessary to shear the alloy rods per 12 metres of shears 63. The alloy bar longer than 1 meter produced by the clamping scissors 63 controlled by the tool and the computer has one weak break point 101 per meter, so that a user of the alloy bar can easily break the metal bar at the weak break point 101 during the re-processing, and the alloy bar with the length of 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters or other lengths can be easily made during the processing by using the alloy bar. Therefore, according to the cold drawing length of the alloy rod, a pair of clamping shears causes weak breaking points or shears the alloy rod. The length of the alloy bar and the length of the weak break point in the production are controlled by computer program control.
In the embodiments described above, an adjustable continuous casting mode is provided to cast alloy rods or billets of different lengths, which can reduce the need to stop the production process for producing different products. Meanwhile, products which are approximately alloy ingots (ingot) can be produced (only the configuration proportion of the stokehole formula is changed), and the products required by different industries can be produced, so that the flexibility of the production line and the overall competitiveness of enterprises are improved. The alloy rod (rod) product is mainly used in the building or structural industry, such as door and window frames, decoration structures and the like, and the alloy ingot (ingot) product is mainly used for processing industrial products, such as automobile parts and the like.
In summary, the invention provides a dummy bar device of a cold drawing processing device, which comprises a dummy bar and a dummy head, wherein the dummy head is removably arranged below the dummy bar; and when the cold drawing processing equipment is at an initial processing position, a dummy bar head passes through the circulation channel of the crystallizer and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace, and the alloy piece is pulled upwards from the holding furnace; when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a first preset position, the positioning device of the withdrawal and straightening machine clamps the upper part of the alloy piece; when the impact hammer clamps the upper part of the alloy part at the positioning device, knocking the dummy bar device until the dummy bar is separated from the dummy head; and the clamping shears are completely closed when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a second preset position upwards, and the alloy piece is sheared. And the height of the second preset position and the relative position of the clamping shears are the length of the alloy piece to be produced. Therefore, an operator can quickly and conveniently produce alloy pieces with different lengths in cold drawing processing by adjusting the height of the second preset position and the relative position of the clamping shears. The length of the alloy piece does not need to be adjusted or the alloy piece is converted into an alloy ingot, so that the processing time and energy are saved. Also, alloy rods or billets of different lengths can be cast, reducing the need to stop the production process for producing different products. The method can produce products similar to alloy ingots, and increases the flexibility of the production line and the overall competitiveness of enterprises.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (24)

1. The utility model provides a cold drawing processing equipment for processing alloy spare, cold drawing processing equipment includes raw and other materials melting furnace, heat preservation stove and at least one crystallizer, its characterized in that, cold drawing processing equipment still includes:
at least one dummy bar device comprising a dummy bar and a dummy head removably mounted below the dummy bar; and when the cold drawing processing equipment is in an initial processing position, the dummy bar head passes through the circulation channel of the crystallizer and is inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace, and the alloy piece is pulled upwards from the holding furnace;
at least one withdrawal and straightening machine comprising:
the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a first preset position;
the impact hammer is used for knocking the dummy bar device until the dummy bar and the dummy head are separated when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece;
the clamping shears are completely closed when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a second preset position upwards, and the alloy piece is sheared;
the withdrawal and straightening unit further comprises:
and the at least two pairs of traction clamps comprise an upper traction clamp and a lower traction clamp, wherein when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy piece, the upper traction clamp clamps the upper part of the alloy piece, and when the upper traction clamp continuously pulls the alloy piece to reach the second preset position, the lower traction clamp clamps the lower part of the alloy piece.
2. The cold drawing processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the withdrawal straightening machine further comprises:
the impact hammer driver comprises a spring and a driving motor pressurized on the spring, and the spring is connected with the impact hammer; the impact hammer driver is pressed on the spring through the rotation of the driving motor to drive the impact hammer to knock the dummy ingot device.
3. A cold drawing process apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pinch-shears are partially closed when said dummy bar means pulls said alloy piece upwards to a third predetermined position, said alloy piece is partially pinched, and a weak break is obtained at a corresponding position on said alloy piece after said partial pinch-shears.
4. A cold drawing process apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the length of the sheared alloy piece is a first predetermined length; the third preset position comprises a plurality of weak break points, the alloy piece is provided with a plurality of weak break points, and the length between two adjacent weak break points is a second preset length; the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length.
5. A cold drawing process apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pinch shears are fully open when in the first predetermined position;
the clamping and shearing part is closed, and the clamping and shearing degree is 40%.
6. A cold-drawing process apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a controller that presets the first, second, and third predetermined positions
And controlling the cold drawing process of the cold drawing processing equipment.
7. The cold drawing process apparatus of claim 1, wherein the crystallizer comprises:
the inner sleeve is internally provided with the circulation channel;
the outer sleeve is arranged outside the inner sleeve, and forms a space with the inner sleeve, and the space is communicated with cooling liquid.
8. A cold-drawing process apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the cross-section of the flow-through channel is circular or rectangular;
the inner sleeve and/or the outer sleeve are/is made of graphite;
the cooling liquid is water or engine oil.
9. A cold drawing process apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said dummy bar head comprises an upper end portion and a lower end portion, the upper end portion of said dummy bar head having a larger outer shape than the lower end portion;
the upper end of the dummy bar head is provided with a groove, the groove is matched with the bottom of the dummy bar, and the cross section of the groove is circular or rectangular.
10. The cold drawing processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the withdrawal straightening machine further comprises:
a mold fixing device for fixing at least one mold and controlling the elevation and displacement of the mold;
the fixing column is used for fixing the positioning device, the clamping shears, the impact hammer, the traction clamp and the impact hammer driver;
the mounting centers of the positioning device, the clamping scissors and the traction clamp are positioned on the same axis.
11. The cold drawing processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the raw material melting furnace and the holding furnace are communicated with each other; the alloy piece is an alloy rod or an alloy ingot.
12. A cold-drawn process apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the alloy rod is an aluminum alloy rod; the alloy ingot is an aluminum alloy ingot.
13. A method of processing an alloy piece using the cold drawing apparatus of claim 1, the cold drawing apparatus including a raw material melting furnace, a holding furnace, and at least one crystallizer, the method comprising:
A. when at least one dummy ingot device is at the initial processing position of the cold drawing processing equipment, a dummy ingot head of the dummy ingot device penetrates through a circulation channel of the crystallizer to be inserted into the alloy melt of the holding furnace, and the alloy piece is pulled upwards from the holding furnace;
B. when the dummy bar device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a first preset position, the positioning device of at least one withdrawal straightening machine clamps the upper part of the alloy piece;
C. when the positioning device clamps the upper part of the alloy part, the impact hammer of the withdrawal and straightening machine strikes the dummy bar device until the dummy bar is separated from the dummy head;
D. the clamping shears of the withdrawal and straightening machine are completely closed when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece upwards to reach a second preset position, and the alloy piece is sheared;
the withdrawal and straightening machine also comprises at least two pairs of traction clamps, including an upper traction clamp and a lower traction clamp; the step B further comprises the following steps:
the upper pulling clamp clamps the upper portion of the alloy piece while the positioning device clamps the upper portion of the alloy piece, and the lower pulling clamp clamps the lower portion of the alloy piece while the upper pulling clamp continues to pull the alloy piece to the second predetermined position.
14. The method of claim 13,
before the step D, the method further comprises the following steps:
E. and when the dummy ingot device pulls the alloy piece to reach a third preset position upwards, the clamping shears are partially closed, the alloy piece is partially clamped, and after the partial clamping shears are operated, a weak break point is obtained at the corresponding position on the alloy piece.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein in step B, the length of the alloy pieces sheared off is a first predetermined length;
in the step E, the third predetermined position includes a plurality of positions, the alloy member has a plurality of weak folding points, and a length between two adjacent weak folding points is a second predetermined length;
the first predetermined length is greater than the second predetermined length.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the shears are fully open when in the first predetermined position;
the clamping and shearing part is closed, and the clamping and shearing degree is 40%.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the cold drawing apparatus further comprises a hammer impact driver comprising a spring and a drive motor pressing on the spring, the spring being connected to the hammer impact;
in the step D, the impact hammer driver is pressed on the spring through the rotation of the driving motor to drive the impact hammer to knock the dummy bar device until the dummy bar and the dummy head are separated.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the cold drawing processing apparatus further comprises a controller; the method further comprises the following steps:
the first predetermined position, the second predetermined position, and the third predetermined position are preset by the controller.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein the crystallizer comprises:
the inner sleeve is internally provided with the circulation channel;
the outer sleeve is arranged outside the inner sleeve, and forms a space with the inner sleeve, and the space is communicated with cooling liquid.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the cross-section of the flow-through channel is circular or rectangular;
the inner sleeve and/or the outer sleeve are/is made of graphite;
the cooling liquid is water or engine oil.
21. The method according to claim 13, wherein the dummy bar head comprises an upper end portion and a lower end portion, the upper end portion of the dummy bar head having a larger profile than the lower end portion;
the upper end of the dummy bar head is provided with a groove, the groove is matched with the bottom of the dummy bar, and the cross section of the groove is circular or rectangular.
22. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the withdrawal straightening machine further comprises:
the fixing column is used for fixing the positioning device, the clamping shears, the impact hammer, the traction clamp and the impact hammer driver; the mounting centers of the positioning device, the clamping scissors and the traction clamp are positioned on the same axis; and a crystallizer fixing device;
before the step A, the method comprises the following steps:
G. the crystallizer fixing device fixes at least one crystallizer, and the crystallizer is positioned at a preset height above the alloy melt in the holding furnace when cold drawing processing is not started; or the crystallizer is positioned beside the holding furnace.
23. The method according to claim 13, wherein the raw material melting furnace and the holding furnace are communicated with each other; the alloy piece is an alloy rod or an alloy ingot.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the alloy rod is an aluminum alloy rod; the alloy ingot is an aluminum alloy ingot.
CN201710127840.8A 2017-03-06 2017-03-06 Cold-drawing processing equipment and processing method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN107186188B (en)

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