CN107184265A - 自攻型绊板螺钉及其应用 - Google Patents

自攻型绊板螺钉及其应用 Download PDF

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CN107184265A
CN107184265A CN201710535787.5A CN201710535787A CN107184265A CN 107184265 A CN107184265 A CN 107184265A CN 201710535787 A CN201710535787 A CN 201710535787A CN 107184265 A CN107184265 A CN 107184265A
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CN107184265B (zh
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王海鹏
刘媛
闫康
谢辉
王军梅
马保安
李军
王波
杨彤涛
钱济先
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Fourth Military Medical University FMMU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/863Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue with thread interrupted or changing its form along shank, other than constant taper
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A61B17/861Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
    • A61B17/8615Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver at the central region of the screw head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564Methods for bone or joint treatment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B2017/8655Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone

Abstract

本发明公开了一种自攻型绊板螺钉,包括自攻性螺钉头端、部分空心螺钉体部以及设有圆滑腰型孔的绊钢板尾部,该自攻型袢板螺钉的内部设置有用于供钢丝/线袢穿过的通道,自攻螺钉的头端凹槽区设有与体部通道相连通的圆滑转角第一通孔,绊板上设有与体部通道相连通的第二通孔,第一通孔和第二通孔均为出入口光滑的圆孔或腰型孔,通道全程内壁光滑、完整。本发明使得钢丝/线袢穿过后不会受到折顶与磨损导致钢丝断裂,从而延长钢丝寿命,增加内固定体系的牢固性和耐久度,而充分达到足够的临床上内固定保护组织愈合时间;自攻螺钉头部自攻设计、螺杆上设计为双区螺纹,可以促使螺钉更好的攻入骨质、并于骨质上获得良好的把持力,防止退钉失效。

Description

自攻型绊板螺钉及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域,具体涉及一种自攻型绊板螺钉及其应用。
背景技术
现有的髌骨下极粉碎性骨折行髌韧带旷置术时,伸膝装置保护方法是采用钢丝绳穿过普通空心螺钉拧紧来对骨折及相应附属结构进行加压固定、保护,但是这种方法使得钢丝与螺钉两头端遭受小于90°锐性转折及切割,发生钢丝早期磨损、疲劳而断裂、螺钉退出、钢丝断端刺激/穿破皮肤、影响骨折愈合及患者膝关节早期功能锻炼、临床康复效果等,严重者引起医疗纠纷等临床安全问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种自攻型绊板螺钉及其应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
自攻型绊板螺钉,包括自攻螺钉,自攻螺钉的尾端连接设置有圆滑无棱角的绊钢板,所述自攻螺钉的内部设置有用于供钢丝/线袢穿过的通道,所述通道为U形通道且内壁光滑,所述自攻螺钉的自攻端头上设有与所述通道相连通的第一圆滑转角通孔,所述绊钢板上设有与所述通道相连通的第二通孔,所述第一通孔和第二通孔均为圆孔或腰型孔,内壁光滑完整,可置放聚乙烯衬垫。
优选地,所述自攻螺钉的两端均设置有螺纹,且两端的螺纹的方向相同、螺纹距、深度不同(头端螺纹距大,螺纹深,尾端反之)。
优选地,所述绊钢板、通道与自攻螺钉一体成型,保证螺钉结构强度和应用便捷。
优选地,所述袢钢板厚度恒定,既保证强度,又可以和相适配的螺丝刀配合使用。
优选地,所述第一通孔和第二通孔的端口均为光滑曲面。
优选地,所述第一通孔和第二通孔上均可配装高分子聚乙烯衬垫。
上述的自攻型绊板螺钉可用于髌骨下极粉碎性骨折旷置术的骨折端保护,具体包括如下步骤:选用两个所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其中一个拧入髌骨上级完整大骨块,另一个穿入胫骨结节下方骨皮质,两个穿入骨质后的自攻型绊板螺钉相互平行、首尾相顾、U型通道开口相对,再将钢丝/线袢依次穿入自攻型绊板螺钉的管路并首尾相顾,捆扎拧紧形成“0”或“8”字形闭合回路行使骨折端旷置保护功能。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
在自攻螺钉与绊钢板之间设置贯通的光滑通道,且两端出口位置采用45°腰型弯孔设计甚至可以置放高分子聚乙烯衬垫,使得钢丝穿过后不会收到折顶与磨损,延长了钢丝的寿命,增加内固定体系的牢固性;自攻螺钉头部自攻设计、螺杆上设计双区同向、不同螺距螺纹,可以促使螺钉更好的攻入骨质及获得良好的稳定性及把持力,防止退钉失效;绊钢板可以根据需要,设计有不同的直径和长度,方便不同个体及骨质疏松程度患者使用、可选择性强。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一种自攻型绊板螺钉的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例一种自攻型绊板螺钉的尾端正面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供了一种自攻型绊板螺钉,包括自攻螺钉1,其特征在于,自攻螺钉1的尾端连接设置有圆滑无棱角的绊钢板5,该绊钢板5的厚度通常为自攻螺钉1直径的1/2-4/5。绊钢板5与自攻螺钉1为一体式结构。绊钢板5与自攻螺钉1一体式连接过渡处保证光滑无棱角,便于配套螺丝刀的使用,亦可以防止局部骨长入,或瘢痕长入后导致螺钉拧出困难。自攻螺钉1的内部设置有用于供钢丝绳穿过的通道4,所述通道4截面呈椭圆/半圆,整体呈U形且内壁光滑,所述通道4的一个出口位于所述自攻螺钉1的头端,另一个出口位于所述绊钢板5尾端。由于自攻螺钉1通常选用直径为4.5mm或6.5mm的螺杆,所以将通道4的直径设置为2.2-3mm。自攻螺杆1的两端均设置有螺纹,位于螺钉两端的螺纹呈同向、不同螺距及螺纹深度,这样的设计可以使得本发明的自攻型绊板螺钉,轻松钻入骨质后不易发生退钉及加强皮质骨固定的强度。所述自攻螺钉1的自攻端头上设有与所述通道4相连通的第一通孔3,所述绊钢板5上设有与所述通道4相连通的第二通孔6,所述第一通孔3和第二通孔6均为圆孔或腰型孔,内壁光滑完整,以避免对穿在其内的钢丝绳造成磨损、折顶、切割而发生断裂。必要的时候,可以在所述第一通孔3和第二通孔6上安装聚乙烯垫圈保护,减少对钢丝的磨损。
所述自攻螺钉1上尾端袢钢板区域可与所述自攻螺钉1相匹配的螺丝刀配合使用。
上述的自攻型绊板螺钉可用于髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的骨折区域组织保护,从而促进软组织及骨骼早期愈合,促进膝关节功能锻炼,具体包括如下步骤:选用两个合适长度及直径的上述自攻型绊板螺钉,其中一个合适长度的袢板螺钉横向拧入髌骨上极完整骨块中,将螺钉袢板通道开口调整朝下。另一个合适长度自攻型袢板螺钉穿入胫骨结节下方皮质,将螺钉袢板通道开口调整朝上,两个绊钢板螺钉穿入骨质后相互平行,首尾相顺应。复位髌骨下极骨折块并采用缝合技术固定下极骨块稳固后,再将钢丝/线袢依次穿入绊板螺钉的通道内,首尾相接捆扎形成“0”或“8”字形回路,旷置下极粉碎的骨块及髌下韧带,可早期、无忧虑的行膝关节屈伸功能锻炼促进康复,等粉碎的髌骨下极骨折骨愈合后便可以将两个绊钢板螺钉及钢丝绳取出。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.自攻型绊板螺钉,包括自攻螺钉(1),其特征在于,自攻螺钉(1)的尾端连接设计有一体化的圆滑孔绊板(5),所述自攻螺钉(1)的内部设置有用于供钢丝/线袢穿过的通道(4),所述通道(4)为U形通道且内壁光滑,所述自攻螺钉(1)的自攻端头上设有与所述通道(4)相连通的第一腰型圆滑转角通孔(3),所述绊钢板(5)上设有与所述通道(4)相连通的第二通孔(6),所述第一腰型圆滑转角通孔(3)和第二通孔(6)均为圆孔或腰型孔,内壁光滑完整。
2.如权利要求1所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其特征在于,所述自攻螺钉(1)的两端均设置有螺纹(2),且两区的螺纹(2)的走向相同,螺纹距、螺纹深度不同,头端螺纹距大、螺纹深,尾端反之。
3.如权利要求1所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其特征在于,所述绊钢板(5)、通道(4)与自攻螺钉(1)一体成型。
4.如权利要求1所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其特征在于,所述袢钢板(5)厚度恒定。
5.如权利要求1所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其特征在于,所述第一通孔(3)和第二通孔(6)的端口均为光滑曲面。
6.如权利要求1所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其特征在于,所述所述第一通孔(3)和第二通孔(6)上均可配装高分子聚乙烯衬垫。
7.如权利要求1所述的自攻型绊板螺钉的应用,其特征在于,可用于髌骨下极粉碎性骨折无法直接行内固定时的髌韧带旷置术。
8.如权利要求7所述的自攻型绊板螺钉的临床应用,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:选用两个所述的自攻型绊板螺钉,其中一个横行拧入髌骨体部完整大骨块,另一个拧入胫骨结节下方皮质,保持平行,并将钢丝/线袢依次穿入自攻型绊板螺钉的管路通道并首尾相顾,拧紧捆扎形成“0”或“8”字形闭合回路。
9.如权利要求8所述的自攻型绊板螺钉的应用,其特征在于,两个穿入骨质后的自攻型绊板螺钉相互平行固定于骨质内、通道开口相对应,穿入钢丝/线袢拧紧后维持张力,保护断裂的伸膝装置,促进愈合。
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CN109259845A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-25 创辉医疗器械江苏有限公司 一种环形避空的动态锁定螺钉及其加工方法
CN110432968A (zh) * 2019-09-10 2019-11-12 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 一种环扎式的桡骨头、颈部骨折内固定装置
CN111358600A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-03 青岛大学附属医院 脊柱内镜下自锁椎间融合器系统

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