CN107167168A - Phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method - Google Patents
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method, comprise the following steps：Build the corresponding Rayleigh scattering light data signal matrix of multiple light pulses and choose measured signal matrix, determine that System spatial resolution, iteration carry out " measured signal matrix two-end-point phase bit comparison measured signal matrix length is compared midpoint subdivision measured signal matrix with System spatial resolution " until meeting certain condition exits this method.The present invention combines the advantage and " dichotomy " thought that phase is positioned, pass through interval halving and iterative approach, with few calculating and judgement, realize being accurately positioned for disturbing source in distributed fiberoptic sensor, while system space high-resolution and stability is ensured, system response time is improved, and this method is applied to the Ф OTDR optical fiber sensing systems that various coherent detections are demodulated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method, belong to light
Fine sensing technology application field.
Background technology
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer（Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain
Reflectometry, is abbreviated as Ф-OTDR or Phase-sensitive OTDR）It is a kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system,
Simple, non-blind area, maintenance expense are laid with electromagnetism interference, anticorrosive, small volume, high security, spatial resolution height, equipment
Use low advantage.The introducing of light coherent demodulation detection so that Ф-OTDR possess higher sensitivity and phase demodulating ability,
In recent years, Coherent Ф-OTDR are attracted wide attention and are put into practicality.At present, Ф-OTDR embody in many application fields
Its huge value, such as in safety-security area, Ф-OTDR can be used as large-scale critical boundaries line and facility（Such as national boundary, oil field oil
Well, oil-gas pipeline）Monitor and control facility, realize to various invasions, destruction and steal event and carry out unmanned monitoring in real time；In traffic system
In system, Ф-OTDR can be used for monitoring train operation position and speed, monitoring crossing vehicle flow etc.；In power system, Ф-
OTDR can be used for Partial Discharge Detection and cable the perimeter security monitoring of cable and connector；In geology monitoring, Ф-OTDR can
To realize to the geological disasters such as landslide, earthquake monitoring and early warning in real time；In structure security monitoring, Ф-OTDR can be real
The real-time distributed measurement of structural health of crucial building now large-scale to bridge etc..
Ф-OTDR carry out distributed sensing as a kind of active Detection Techniques using the Rayleigh scattering light of optical fiber, extraneous
Environment change information can be obtained and recovered by the amplitude and phase of back rayleigh scattering light.Disturbed in phase dry type Ф-OTDR systems
In dynamic source positioning, what is generally utilized at present is amplitude differential scheme（Tu G, Zhang X, Zhang Y, et al. The
Development of an-OTDR System for Quantitative Vibration Measurement[J]. IEEE
Photonics Technology Letters, 2015, 27(12): 1349-1352.；Distributed fiberoptic sensor and information
Demodulation method, Chinese invention patent, inventor：Liang Kezhen, Pan Zhengqing, Cai Haiwen, Ye Qing, Zhou Jun, Authorization Notice No.：
CN10262869B）, and in fact, resulting in higher positioning signal to noise ratio using phase positioning（Pang F, He M, Liu
H, et al. A Fading-Discrimination Method for Distributed Vibration Sensor
Using Coherent Detection of ϕ-OTDR[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
2016, 28(23).）.However, Ф-OTDR are as a kind of distributed sensor, the every bit of its sensor fibre can be as only
Vertical sensor, sensor fibre is longer, and the sensing data of generation is more, adds the amount of calculation of demodulation, influence system response speed
Degree.And disturb it is general it is sparse be dispersed in sensing scope, most of sensor is practically in idle working condition, therefore system
Without carrying out identical demodulation to each sensor, system positioning can significantly be accelerated by suitably ignoring these idle sensors
Speed.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system essence
True localization method, the detent edge and the thought of " dichotomy " brought with reference to phase demodulating is ensureing the stability of a system and space
While resolution ratio, system operations amount is reduced, system response time is improved, solves due to Ф-OTDR system sensing data
Amount is big to cause the slow problem of system response time, and this programme is applied to the Ф-OTDR systems that various coherent detections are demodulated.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method, during its phase sensitive light applied
Domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system includes narrow linewidth laser, and 1 × 2 fiber coupler, acousto-optic modulator, Er-doped fiber is put
Big device, optical fiber circulator, sensor fibre, AWG, 2 × 2 fiber couplers balance photo-detector, data acquisition
Card, computer；Described narrow linewidth laser is divided into two-way by 1 × 2 fiber coupler, is passed through all the way for pickup probe optical signal
Cross acousto-optic modulator and be modulated to light pulse, and luminous power amplification is carried out by erbium-doped fiber amplifier, input optical fibre circulator
A number port is simultaneously output to sensor fibre by No. two ports, and the rayleigh backscattering light of generation is inputted by No. two ports and by No. three
Port is exported；Another road of 1 × 2 fiber coupler output exports for No. three ports of local reference optical signal and optical fiber circulator
Transducing signal enter 2 × 2 fiber couplers in multiplex, 2 × 2 output ports of fiber coupler two with balance photo-detector connect
Connect, balance photo-detector carries out opto-electronic conversion and is transferred to computer progress signal by data collecting card progress analog-to-digital conversion
Reason.
Follow-up signal processing comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Build the data matrix of signal：Using the corresponding data signal of single light pulse as row vector, multiple continuous light
The corresponding data signal of pulse by the time sequencing of light pulse emission successively as the 1st row, the 2nd row ... ..., theMOK, whereinM
Light pulse number is represented, data signal matrix D=[D is built I, j ] M × K , wherein, D I, j Represent that the data collecting card is collected
iIndividual light pulse correspondence sensor fibre thejRayleigh scattering light digital signal value in individual data point,KRepresent single light pulse
Corresponding data signal total length；Multistage will be divided into data signal matrix DkRow, whereink ≤ K, length islSignal square
Battle array S=[S I, j ] M × k It is used as testing data matrix.
Step 2：Determine System spatial resolution：System spatial resolution is defined with light pulseL=c × T/ (2 × n), its
In, c represents the light velocity in vacuum,TLight pulses duration is represented, n represents optical fibre refractivity.
Step 3：Described testing data matrix S two ends row phase is extracted using phase demodulation algorithmφ LeftWithφ Right,
Use respectively its positionj LeftWithj RightRepresent.Ifφ LeftWithφ RightIt is identical, then interval where judging it (j Left, j Right) in
Undisturbed, finds other testing data matrixes not after testing, repeats step 3, until all intervals to be measured have been detected
Into；Ifφ LeftWithφ RightDifference, then interval where judging it (j Left, j Right) interior in the presence of disturbance, carry out step 4.
Step 4：Check described testing data matrix S lengthlWhether described System spatial resolution is less thanL, if so,
Source position then is disturbed using any one positional representation in S, otherwise repeat step 3 carries out step 5.
Step 5：Extract described testing data matrix S centre positions certain row phase nearbyφ Middle, its position is saidj MiddleRepresent, then by testing data matrix S be divided into two sections of intervals (j Left, j Middle) and (j Middle, j Right), respectively with
The two intervals are used as new testing data matrix S, repeat step 3.
The principle of the present invention is as follows：
When the certain point on described sensor fibre is disturbed, from the elasto-optical effect of light, the disturbance is being passed through in light pulse
An additional phase shift is introduced into during pointϕ, and additional phase shift amount modulated by external disturbance.Light pulse will carry the additional phase shift
∆ϕContinuation is propagated in a fiber, and phase and light pulse phase identical Rayleigh scattering light are produced in communication process, therefore, is being disturbed
Rayleigh scattering light phase produced by after dynamic point will be additionalϕ, and the additional phase shift only causes by disturbance, signal fadeout
Noise and undisturbed situation will not then introduce the additional phase shift.Based on this principle, only according to certain interval two-end-point phase
Similarity degree and the energy variation that occurs of this 2 phases be that can determine that whether the section is disturbed, i.e.,：If the area
Between undisturbed, interval two-end-point phase is identical, and energy does not change；If the interval has disturbance, interval two-end-point phase is not
Together, and energy changes.Based on this characteristic, and because disturbance is present Ф-OTDR are sparse in sensing scope, then system
Disturbance source position is found on certain section of interval, solution equation root can be analogous to, using dichotomy thought, carry out interval halving and
Iterative approach is that being accurately positioned for disturbing source can be achieved.During dichotomy positioning is realized, due to a large amount of on sensor fibre
Idle sensing point is ignored, and only demodulation judges the sensing data of a small amount of key position, therefore can significantly accelerate system positioning
Speed.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention combines the advantage of phase positioning and the thought of dichotomy iterative search, and satisfaction is realized with few computing and is required
Ф-OTDR optical fiber sensing system spatial resolutions, improve system response time.Meanwhile, the present invention is dissipated by analyzing Rayleigh
Penetrate light phase and carry out disturbance source locating, it is ensured that the stability of system.
The present invention is based on conventional relevant Ф-OTDR optical fiber sensing systems, but this programme can be applied to various relevant spies
Ф-OTDR the optical fiber sensing systems of demodulation are surveyed, with certain versatility and adaptability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is phase sensitive optical time domain reflection optical fiber sensing system structure schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Embodiment
To become apparent from the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and tool
Body examples of implementation are described in detail.Because this programme can carry out a variety of expansions or deformation, it is related to device replaceable into phase
Like the device of function different model, the protection domain of the patent should not be limited with this.
Referring to Fig. 1, the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system of this method application, including narrow linewidth swash
The fiber coupler 2 of light device 1,1 × 2, acousto-optic modulator 3, erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4, optical fiber circulator 5, sensor fibre 6, arbitrarily
The fiber coupler 8 of waveform generator 7,2 × 2, balances photo-detector 9, data collecting card 10, computer 11, piezoelectric ceramic tube 12.
System components device description is as follows：
Narrow linewidth laser 1, the laser for producing high degree of coherence.
1 × 2 fiber coupler 2, for laser to be divided into two-way, all the way as pickup probe light, another road is as local
Reference light, the instantaneous luminous power of pickup probe light is much larger than local reference light, and coupling splitting ratio can be selected as 90:10；
Acousto-optic modulator 3, for being pulsed light by Laser Modulation, meanwhile, allow laser pulse to obtain the shift frequency of fixed frequency.This reality
The use of acousto-optic modulator is 200MHz to the frequency shift amount of light in example；
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4, for amplifying the Rayleigh scattering light intensity excited in laser pulse power, lifting sensor fibre 6
To lift the system sensing scope.In this example, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier maximum gain used is 20dBm；
Optical fiber circulator 5, is a three fiber port circulators, its optical signature is can only be from two from the light of a port input
The output of number port, can only go out from the light of No. two ports inputs from No. three ports.In this programme, pickup probe light is from fiber annular
Number port input of device is simultaneously exported from No. two ports, and the rayleigh backscattering light received from No. two ports is exported from No. three ports.
Sensor fibre 6, is standard traffic single-mode fiber.
AWG 7, produces the pulse train of frequency-adjustable, acousto-optic modulator 3 is controlled and realizes light arteries and veins
Punching output, the pulse signal is simultaneously as the trigger collection source of data collecting card 10.In this example, AWG model
Output repetition rate is 2kHz, and it is 50ns pulse train the duration of light pulse that light pulsewidth, which is,.
2 × 2 fiber couplers 8, for the multiplex of sensor fibre back-scattering light and local reference light, coupling splitting ratio is
50：50.
Photo-detector 9 is balanced, for opto-electronic conversion, light coherent signal is detected, it is output as the shift frequency frequency of acousto-optic modulator 3
Electric signal.
Data collecting card 10, for realizing signal analog-to-digital conversion, collection balance photo-detector 9 output electric signal and change by
It is that data signal passes to computer 11.
Computer 11, for handling the data signal that data collecting card 10 is gathered.
Piezoelectric ceramic tube 12, for introducing disturbance.In order to simulate external disturbance event, one is set on sensor fibre 6
Piezoelectric ceramic tube 12 is applied by Optical Fiber Winding thereon as disturbing source, and using a signal generator on piezoelectric ceramic tube 12
Plus the voltage of change, piezoelectric ceramics tube swelling and contraction form and disturb and be directly passed to sensor fibre 6.In this example, pass
Photosensitive fine 6 total length about 40km, piezoelectric ceramic tube 12 is about 20km, the vibration frequency of piezoelectric ceramics apart from the position of optical fiber circulator 5
Rate is 100Hz, Optical Fiber Winding length about 2m.In the system practical application, the extraneous vibration event that piezoelectric ceramics 12 is simulated
Can occur in the optional position of whole piece sensor fibre.
Narrow linewidth laser 1 is divided into two-way by 1 × 2 fiber coupler 2, passes through acousto-optic all the way for pickup probe optical signal
Modulator 3 is modulated to light pulse, and carries out luminous power amplification, No. one of input optical fibre circulator 5 by erbium-doped fiber amplifier 4
Port is simultaneously output to sensor fibre 6 by No. two ports, and the rayleigh backscattering light of generation is inputted by No. two ports and by No. three ends
Mouth output；Another road of 1 × 2 fiber coupler 2 output exports for No. three ports of local reference optical signal and optical fiber circulator 5
Transducing signal enter 2 × 2 fiber couplers 8 in multiplex, 2 × 2 output ports of fiber coupler 8 two with balance photo-detector
9 connections, balance photo-detector 9 carries out opto-electronic conversion and carries out analog-to-digital conversion by data collecting card 10 and be transferred to computer 11 carrying out
Signal transacting.
Referring to Fig. 2, phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method of the present invention,
Its follow-up signal transacting comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Using the corresponding data signal of single light pulse as row vector, the corresponding data signal of multiple continuous light pulses is pressed
The time sequencing of light pulse emission is successively as the 1st row, the 2nd row ... ...,MOK, whereinMFor light pulse number, numeral is built
Signal matrix D=[D I, j ] M × K , wherein, D I, j Represent the data collecting card 9 is collectediIndividual light pulse correspondence sense light
Fine thejRayleigh scattering light digital signal value in individual data point；In this example, 50 corresponding Rayleighs of continuous light pulse are gathered altogether
Scattered light signal, data signal matrix size is 50 × 599432.It is length by the Factorization algorithmlAbout the 50 of 1km to be measured
Interval matrix, by taking interval (20.0446km, 21.0479km) as an example, the interval Rayleigh is extracted from data signal matrix D and is dissipated
Data signal is penetrated, as described testing data matrix S, its matrix size is 50 × 14650.
Step 2：Determine System spatial resolution：The System spatial resolution defined with light pulseL = c×T/(2×n)
The m of ≈ 5, wherein, c=3 × 108 The ns of m/s, T=50, n=1.47.
Step 3：Described testing data matrix S two ends row phase is extracted using phase demodulation algorithmφ LeftWithφ Right,
Its position is respectivelyj LeftWithj Right.Ifφ LeftWithφ RightIt is identical, then interval where judging it (j Left, j Right) interior unperturbed
It is dynamic, other testing data matrixes not after testing are found, repeat step 3, until all interval detections to be measured are completed；Ifφ LeftWithφ RightDifference, then interval where judging it (j Left, j Right) interior in the presence of disturbance, carry out step 4.
Step 4：Check described testing data matrix S lengthlWhether System spatial resolution is less thanL, if so, then can profit
With the position of any one in SjDisturbance source position is represented, otherwise repeat step 3 carries out step 5.
Step 5：Extract described testing data matrix S centre positions certain row phase nearbyφ Middle, its position isj Middle, then by testing data matrix S be divided into two sections of intervals (j Left, j Middle) and (j Middle, j Right), respectively with this two
Individual interval is used as new testing data matrix S, repeat step 3.
By step 3-5 iterative calculation, disturbance source position is obtained in S coordinate positions (7896,7965), i.e. space
In position (20.5853km, 20.5901km), spatial resolution is about 5m.This example is disturbed using the interval midpoint as described
Dynamic source position, that is, it is 20.5877km to disturb source position, and error is about ± 2.5m.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of phase sensitive optical time domain reflection distributed optical fiber sensing system accurate positioning method, its phase sensitive light applied
Time Domain Reflectometry distributed optical fiber sensing system includes narrow linewidth laser（1）, 1 × 2 fiber coupler（2）, acousto-optic modulator
（3）, erbium-doped fiber amplifier（4）, optical fiber circulator（5）, sensor fibre（6）, AWG（7）, 2 × 2 optical fiber couplings
Clutch（8）, balance photo-detector（9）, data collecting card（10）, computer（11）；Described narrow linewidth laser（1）By 1
× 2 fiber couplers（2）It is divided into two-way, passes through acousto-optic modulator all the way for pickup probe optical signal（3）Light pulse is modulated to, and
By erbium-doped fiber amplifier（4）Carry out luminous power amplification, input optical fibre circulator（5）A port and defeated by No. two ports
Go out to sensor fibre（6）, the rayleigh backscattering light of generation inputs by No. two ports and exported by No. three ports；1 × 2 optical fiber coupling
Clutch（2）Another road of output is local reference optical signal and optical fiber circulator（5）No. three ports output transducing signal enter
Enter 2 × 2 fiber couplers（8）Middle multiplex, 2 × 2 fiber couplers（8）Two output ports and balance photo-detector（9）Connection,
Balance photo-detector（9）Carry out opto-electronic conversion and by data collecting card（10）Carry out analog-to-digital conversion and be transferred to computer（11）Carry out
Signal transacting；Characterized in that, follow-up signal processing comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Build the data matrix of signal：Using the corresponding data signal of single light pulse as row vector, multiple continuous light
The corresponding data signal of pulse by the time sequencing of light pulse emission successively as the 1st row, the 2nd row ... ..., theMOK, whereinM
Light pulse number is represented, data signal matrix D=[D is built I, j ] M × K , wherein, D I, j Represent the data collecting card（9）Collect
iIndividual light pulse correspondence sensor fibre thejRayleigh scattering light digital signal value in individual data point,KRepresent single light pulse
Corresponding data signal is always counted；Multistage will be divided into data signal matrix DkRow, whereink ≤ K, length islSignal square
Battle array S=[S I, j ] M × k It is used as testing data matrix；
Step 2：Determine System spatial resolution：System spatial resolution is defined with light pulseL=c × T/ (2 × n), wherein, c
The light velocity in vacuum is represented,TLight pulses duration is represented, n represents optical fibre refractivity；
Step 3：Described testing data matrix S two ends row phase is extracted using phase demodulation algorithmφ LeftWithφ Right, its position
Put and use respectivelyj LeftWithj RightRepresent；Ifφ LeftWithφ RightIt is identical, then interval where judging it (j Left, j Right) interior unperturbed
It is dynamic, other testing data matrixes not after testing are found, repeat step 3, until all interval detections to be measured are completed；Ifφ LeftWithφ RightDifference, then interval where judging it (j Left, j Right) interior in the presence of disturbance, carry out step 4；
Step 4：Check described testing data matrix S lengthlWhether described System spatial resolution is less thanL, if so, then sharp
Source position is disturbed with the positional representation of any one in S, otherwise repeat step 3 carries out step 5；
Step 5：Extract described testing data matrix S centre positions certain row phase nearbyφ Middle, its position is usedj MiddleTable
Show, then by testing data matrix S be divided into two sections of intervals (j Left, j Middle) and (j Middle, j Right), respectively with the two areas
Between be used as new testing data matrix S, repeat step 3.
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| CN109540280A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-03-29 | 南京法艾博光电科技有限公司 | A kind of signal processing method that phase-sensitive optical time domain reflection system improves efficiency |
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| CN114577243A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-03 | 宁夏回族自治区水利工程建设中心 | Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer pulse generation frequency adjusting method for improving safety state |
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