CN107165627B - Method for predicting distribution range of favorable reservoir of dam sand - Google Patents
Method for predicting distribution range of favorable reservoir of dam sand Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for predicting the distribution range of a favorable reservoir of dam sand, which comprises the following steps: fitting the functional relationship between the length and the width of the dam sand body and the thickness of the dam sand body according to oil field development data; sampling a plurality of dam sand cores with different burial depths, and drawing distribution charts of the content of carbonate cement in the dam sand body in different burial depth ranges; representing the thickness of the cemented shell by adopting the shortest distance from the sand-mud-rock interface, and fitting the functional relation between the thickness of the cemented shell and the burial depth of the dam sand under the given content of the carbonate cement according to the drawn distribution chart of the content of the carbonate cement; and respectively establishing a length prediction model and a width prediction model of the favorable reservoir in the dam sand body for prediction. The method establishes a prediction model based on the distribution of the carbonate cement at the edge of the dam sand body, and can accurately predict the favorable reservoir distribution range of the dam sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the distribution range of a favorable reservoir bed of dam sand.
Background
Beach bar sand bodies are important oil and gas reservoir types in continental basin areas of China, and can be divided into two types of sediment, namely beach sand and dam sand. Under the influence of deposition, beach sand is generally distributed in a mat shape with a thin sand body thickness, and dam sand is generally distributed in an isolated lens shape with a large sand body thickness. Under the influence of the cooperative diagenesis of sand-shale interbeddes, the edge of the dam sand-sand body usually has high-content carbonate cements, and under the influence of the strong cementation of the carbonates, the reservoir is favorable to mainly develop in the middle of the dam sand-sand body.
At present, for the prediction of the favorable reservoir of the beach bar sand body, a three-dimensional seismic data processing attribute extraction method is mainly adopted, however, the method is obviously limited by the quality of seismic data, and the distribution range of the predicted favorable reservoir is too large and inaccurate.
Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of predicting the favorable reservoir distribution range of the dam sand is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that the existing method for predicting the distribution range of the beneficial reservoir of the dam sand is inaccurate, the invention provides the method for predicting the distribution range of the beneficial reservoir of the dam sand, which can accurately predict the distribution range of the beneficial reservoir of the dam sand based on the distribution of carbonate cement at the edge of the dam sand body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for predicting the distribution range of a favorable reservoir of dam sand comprises the following steps:
(1) according to oil field development data, counting the thickness, the length and the width of a plurality of dam sand bodies with different burial depths in a research area, and fitting the functional relationship between the length and the thickness of the dam sand bodies and the functional relationship between the width and the length of the dam sand bodies are as follows:
L＝f(H)
W＝g(H)
wherein H is the thickness of the sand body and the unit is m; l is the sand body length and the unit is m; w is the width of the sand body and the unit is m;
(2) sampling a plurality of dam sand cores with different burial depths, recording the shortest distance between a sampling point and a sand-mud-rock interface, measuring the content of carbonate cement in the sample, and drawing distribution charts of the content of the carbonate cement in the dam sand body in different burial depth ranges;
(3) and (3) representing the thickness of the cemented shell by adopting the shortest distance from the sand-mud-rock interface, reading the thickness of the cemented shell corresponding to the dam sand with different burial depths under a certain given carbonate cement content from the distribution chart of the carbonate cement content obtained in the step (2), and fitting the functional relationship between the thickness of the cemented shell and the burial depth of the dam sand under the given carbonate cement content as follows:
d is the burial depth of dam sand, and the unit is m; hi is the thickness of the cementing shell when the content of the carbonate cementing material is i%, and the unit is m;
(4) respectively establishing a length prediction model and a width prediction model of a favorable reservoir in the dam sand body, drawing prediction charts of favorable reservoir distribution ranges of the dam sand body with different thicknesses under different burial depths according to the prediction models, and predicting the favorable reservoir distribution range of the dam sand by using the prediction charts;
the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir are as follows:
d is the burial depth of dam sand, and the unit is m; h is the thickness of the sand body, and the unit is m; ly is the length of the favorable reservoir, in m; wy is the width of the favorable reservoir in m.
Preferably, in step (1), the oil field development data includes oil field development waterflood data and small-zone floor plan data.
Preferably, in step (2), the content of the carbonate cement in the sample is measured by a rock slice analysis test method.
Preferably, the concrete steps for determining the content of the carbonate cement in the sample by adopting the rock slice analysis test method are as follows: the samples were ground into rock slices, which were tested using a polarizing microscope.
Preferably, in the step (2), the specific step of drawing the distribution chart of the carbonate cement content is as follows: dividing the depth of the sampling points into a plurality of depth ranges, drawing a scatter diagram by taking the shortest distance between the sampling points and the sand-shale interface as an abscissa and the content of the carbonate cement in the sample as an ordinate, fitting the relationship between the content of the carbonate cement corresponding to all the sampling points in the same depth range and the shortest distance between the sampling points and the sand-shale interface to obtain a distribution curve, wherein a plurality of distribution curves corresponding to the depth ranges form a distribution chart of the content of the carbonate cement.
Preferably, in step (3), when fitting the functional relationship between the thickness of the cemented shell and the burial depth of the dam sand at the given carbonate cement content, the average value of the range of the burial depths is taken as the burial depth of the dam sand.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention provides a method for predicting the distribution range of a favorable reservoir of dam sand, which comprises the steps of establishing a functional relation among the length, the width and the thickness of a sand body of the dam sand according to oil field development data, further establishing a distribution chart of the content of carbonate cement in the sand bodies of different depths on the basis of core sampling analysis, establishing a functional relation between the thickness of a cementing shell under the content of the given carbonate cement and the burial depth of the dam sand on the basis of the distribution chart, and further establishing a length prediction model, a width prediction model and a prediction chart of the favorable reservoir in the sand bodies of the dam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting a distribution range of a beneficial reservoir of dam sand according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thickness and planar distribution range model of a favorable reservoir of dam sand provided by an embodiment of the invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the thickness model of the favorable reservoir of dam sand, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the planar distribution range model of the favorable reservoir of dam sand;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the length and thickness of a sand body for a dam provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the width and thickness of a sand body of a dam provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graphical illustration of the distribution of carbonate cement content in dam sand bodies over different ranges of burial depths as provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of a cemented shell and the depth of a dam sand buried according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of a prediction of the favorable reservoir distribution range for dam sand at different depths of burial, given a carbonate cement content of 15% as provided in example 1 of the present invention;
figure 8 is a graphical representation of the prediction of the favorable reservoir distribution range for dam sand at different depths of burial, given a carbonate cement content of 10% as provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for predicting the distribution range of a favorable reservoir of dam sand, a flow chart of which is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to oil field development data, counting the thickness, the length and the width of a plurality of dam sand bodies with different burial depths in a research area, and fitting the functional relationship between the length and the thickness of the dam sand bodies and the functional relationship between the width and the length of the dam sand bodies are as follows:
L＝f(H) (1)
W＝g(H) (2)
in the formulas (1) and (2), H is the thickness of the sand body and the unit is m; l is the sand body length and the unit is m; w is the sand width in m.
In this step, it should be noted that, because of the influence of the burial depth, the plane distribution range (i.e., the length and width of the sand body) of the dam sand body and the thickness of the sand body have a certain regularity, and the plane distribution range favorable for storage in the dam sand body and the thickness favorable for storage follow the regularity.
(2) Sampling a plurality of dam sand cores with different burial depths, recording the shortest distance between a sampling point and a sand-mud-rock interface, measuring the content of carbonate cement in the sample, and drawing distribution charts of the content of the carbonate cement in the dam sand body in different burial depth ranges.
In this step, it should be noted that the carbonate cement content in the dam sand body exhibits a characteristic of rapidly decreasing from the sand body edge to the sand body interior, but due to the influence of the dam sand burying depth, the different distribution laws of the carbonate cement content in the sand body of the dam sand with different burying depths also result in the complex distribution characteristics of the thickness of the favorable reservoir layer and the plane distribution range of the favorable reservoir layer in the sand body. The method comprises the following steps of sampling a plurality of dam sand cores with different burial depths, and drawing distribution charts of the content of the carbonate cement in the dam sand bodies with different burial depth ranges, wherein the distribution charts of the content of the carbonate cement can reflect the distribution condition of the content of the carbonate cement from the edge of the sand body to the center of the sand body under different burial depth ranges. When a prediction model is subsequently established, the change condition of the content distribution of the carbonate cement reflected by the distribution chart along with the buried depth is combined, so that the accuracy of the prediction model is improved.
(3) And (3) representing the thickness of the cemented shell by adopting the shortest distance from the sand-mud-rock interface, reading the thickness of the cemented shell corresponding to the dam sand with different burial depths under a certain given carbonate cement content from the distribution chart of the carbonate cement content obtained in the step (2), and fitting the functional relationship between the thickness of the cemented shell and the burial depth of the dam sand under the given carbonate cement content as follows:
in the formula (3), D is the burial depth of dam sand, and the unit is m; hi is the bond shell thickness at i% carbonate bond content, in m.
In the step, according to the distribution chart of the content of the carbonate cement obtained in the step (2), a functional relation between the thickness of the cementing shell and the burial depth of the dam sand can be obtained through a fitting method, and the functional relation is incorporated into a subsequently established prediction model, so that the accuracy of the prediction model is improved.
(4) Respectively establishing a length prediction model and a width prediction model of a favorable reservoir in the dam sand body, drawing prediction charts of favorable reservoir distribution ranges of the dam sand body with different thicknesses under different burial depths according to the prediction models, and predicting the favorable reservoir distribution range of the dam sand by using the prediction charts;
the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir are as follows:
in the formulas (4) and (5), D is the burial depth of dam sand and the unit is m; h is the thickness of the sand body, and the unit is m; ly is the length of the favorable reservoir, in m; wy is the width of the favorable reservoir in m.
In this step, it should be noted that the principle of establishing the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir is as follows:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a schematic of a thickness and plan extent (i.e., advantageous reservoir length and width) model of an advantageous reservoir of dam sand. As shown in fig. 2(a), the thickness of the cemented shell minus a certain carbonate cement content at both ends of the sand is the thickness that is advantageous for storage, namely:
Hy＝H-2Hi (6)
in the formula (6), H is the thickness of the sand body and the unit is m; hi is the thickness of the cementing shell when the content of the carbonate cementing material is i%, and the unit is m; hy is the width of the favorable reservoir in m.
Further, because the rule of the plane distribution range favorable for storage and the thickness favorable for storage in the dam sand body conforms to the rule of the plane distribution range of the dam sand body and the sand body thickness (i.e. the functional relationship shown in the formula (1) and the formula (2)), the formula (6) and the formula (3) are substituted for the formula (1) and the formula (2), and the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir bed are as follows:
Furthermore, prediction charts of distribution ranges of favorable reservoirs of dam sand bodies with different thicknesses under different burial depths can be drawn according to the formula (4) and the formula (5), and when the burial depth and the sand body thickness of dam sand are given, the plane distribution range of the favorable reservoirs in the sand bodies (namely the length and the width of the favorable reservoirs) can be predicted according to the prediction charts.
In the embodiment, the functional relation among the length, the width and the thickness of the sand body of the dam sand is established according to oil field development data, then a distribution chart of the content of carbonate cement in the sand body of the dam sand with different depths is established on the basis of core sampling analysis, the functional relation between the thickness of a cementing shell under the given content of the carbonate cement and the buried depth of the dam sand is established on the basis of the distribution chart, and then a length prediction model, a width prediction model and a prediction chart of a favorable reservoir in the sand body of the dam are established.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the oilfield development data includes oilfield development waterflood data and small-floor plan data. In the preferred embodiment, the thickness, the length and the width of the sand body of the dam sand can be simply and quickly identified according to the oil field development water injection data and the small layer plan data, and the data processing speed is favorably improved.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the carbonate cement content of the sample is determined by a rock slice analysis test. In the preferred embodiment, the content of the carbonate cement in the sample is determined by adopting a rock slice analysis and test method, the determination method is simple to operate, the determination result is accurate, and the accuracy of the prediction model is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the concrete steps for determining the carbonate cement content in a sample by using the rock slice analysis test method are as follows: the samples were ground into rock slices, which were tested using a polarizing microscope. In the preferred embodiment, the test is carried out by using a polarizing microscope, the operation is simple, and the measurement result is more accurate.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the specific steps of plotting the distribution of the carbonate cement content are: dividing the depth of the sampling points into a plurality of depth ranges, drawing a scatter diagram by taking the shortest distance between the sampling points and the sand-shale interface as an abscissa and the content of the carbonate cement in the sample as an ordinate, fitting the relationship between the content of the carbonate cement corresponding to all the sampling points in the same depth range and the shortest distance between the sampling points and the sand-shale interface to obtain a distribution curve, wherein a plurality of distribution curves corresponding to the depth ranges form a distribution chart of the content of the carbonate cement. In the preferred embodiment, it should be noted that, because the distribution conditions of the carbonate cement content in the dam sand within a certain depth range are not greatly different, the dam sand is divided into a plurality of depth ranges according to the depths of the sampling points, and the sampling points within the same depth range are fitted to obtain the distribution curve of the carbonate cement content within the depth range. Compared with the method for fitting dam sand at each depth by taking a plurality of sampling points, the method adopted by the preferred embodiment has low requirement on the accuracy of the sampling depth, small sampling difficulty and small number of required samples, and is beneficial to reducing the cost and improving the efficiency.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), when fitting the functional relationship between the burial depth of the dam sand and the thickness of the cement sheath for the given carbonate cement content, the average value of the range of burial depths is taken as the burial depth of the dam sand. In the optional embodiment, the average value of the burial depth range is taken as the burial depth of the dam sand, so that the dam sand is more representative, and the accuracy of the prediction model is improved.
In order to more clearly describe the method for predicting the distribution range of the beneficial reservoir of the dam sand provided by the embodiment of the invention in detail, the following description is given with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The method for predicting the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand in the debris beach dam sedimentary region in the pure beam region of the victory oil field comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) counting the thickness, the length and the width of a plurality of dam sand bodies with different burial depths in the region by using the known 28-layer small-layer plan view data and the oilfield development water injection data of the region, and fitting the functional relationship between the length and the width of each dam sand body and the thickness as shown in figures 3 and 4 as follows:
L＝349.34×H+524.89，R2＝0.7572
W＝217.37×H-7.73，R2＝0.8186
(2) selecting 13 exploratory wells with drilling cores in the area, performing systematic sampling on the drilling cores, recording the shortest distance between a sampling point and a sand-mud-rock interface, grinding the samples into rock slices, and testing the rock slices by adopting a polarizing microscope to obtain the carbonate cement content of all the samples; the depth of the sampling point is divided into four depth ranges, namely 1500-2000m (average depth is 1750m), 2000-2600m (average depth is 2300m), 2600-3000m (average depth is 2800m) and 3000-3500m (average depth is 3250m), and distribution charts of the carbonate cement content in the dam sand body in different burial depth ranges are drawn, as shown in fig. 5.
(3) The shortest distance from the sand-shale interface is adopted to represent the thickness of the cementing shell, from fig. 5, the thickness of the cementing shell corresponding to the dam sand with different burial depths is read when the content of the carbonate cement is 15% and 10%, as shown in fig. 6, when the content of the fitted carbonate cement is 15% and 10%, the functional relationship between the thickness of the cementing shell and the burial depth of the dam sand is as follows:
H15＝0.0762e0.0008D，R2＝0.9835
H10＝0.191e0.0006D，R2＝0.9955
note that CCT indicated in fig. 6 indicates the carbonate cement content.
(4) When the content of the carbonate cement is 15%, the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir stratum in the dam sand body are established as follows:
Ly15＝349.34×(H-2(0.0762e0.0008D))+524.89
Wy15＝217.37×(H-2(0.0762e0.0008D))-7.73
according to the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir, a prediction chart of the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand body with the sand body thickness of 3m, 4m, 5m, 6m, 7m and 8m under different burial depths is drawn, and is shown in fig. 7.
Similarly, when the content of the carbonate cement is 10%, the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir in the dam sand body are established as follows:
Ly10＝349.34×(H-2(1701.4Ln(D)+2827.6))+524.89
Wy10＝217.37×(H-2(1701.4Ln(D)+2827.6))-7.73
according to the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir, a prediction chart of the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand body with the sand body thickness of 3m, 4m, 5m, 6m, 7m and 8m under different burial depths is drawn, and is shown in fig. 8.
The favorable reservoir distribution range of the dam sand was predicted using fig. 7 and 8:
pure 6-block C34 well C1 in pure beam area2The thickness of the small layer sand is 4.2m, the oil field development data of the C34 well area shows that the average buried depth of the block is 2320m, the thickness of the cemented shell at the edge of the sand is the thickness when the carbonate content is 15%, and the favorable reservoir length is 1651.5m and the favorable reservoir width is 693.3m according to the prediction of the graph in FIG. 7. The actual advantageous storage of the area is surveyedThe length of the layer is 1601.7m, with a practical advantageous reservoir width of 645.2 m. Therefore, the relative errors of the predicted value and the measured value of the length and the width of the favorable reservoir are respectively 3% and 6.9%, which shows that the method has very high accuracy in predicting the distribution range of the favorable reservoir.
Claims (6)
1. A method for predicting the distribution range of a favorable reservoir of dam sand is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to oil field development data, counting the thickness, the length and the width of a plurality of dam sand bodies with different burial depths in a research area, and fitting the functional relationship between the length and the thickness of the dam sand bodies and the functional relationship between the width and the length of the dam sand bodies are as follows:
L＝f(H)
W＝g(H)
wherein H is the thickness of the sand body and the unit is m; l is the sand body length and the unit is m; w is the width of the sand body and the unit is m;
(2) sampling a plurality of dam sand cores with different burial depths, recording the shortest distance between a sampling point and a sand-mud-rock interface, measuring the content of carbonate cement in the sample, and drawing distribution charts of the content of the carbonate cement in the dam sand body in different burial depth ranges;
(3) and (3) representing the thickness of the cemented shell by adopting the shortest distance from the sand-mud-rock interface, reading the thickness of the cemented shell corresponding to the dam sand with different burial depths under a certain given carbonate cement content from the distribution chart of the carbonate cement content obtained in the step (2), and fitting the functional relationship between the thickness of the cemented shell and the burial depth of the dam sand under the given carbonate cement content as follows:
d is the burial depth of dam sand, and the unit is m; hi is the thickness of the cementing shell when the content of the carbonate cementing material is i%, and the unit is m;
(4) respectively establishing a length prediction model and a width prediction model of a favorable reservoir in the dam sand body, drawing prediction charts of favorable reservoir distribution ranges of the dam sand body with different thicknesses under different burial depths according to the length prediction model and the width prediction model, and predicting the favorable reservoir distribution range of the dam sand by using the prediction charts;
the length prediction model and the width prediction model of the favorable reservoir are as follows:
d is the burial depth of dam sand, and the unit is m; h is the thickness of the sand body, and the unit is m; ly is the length of the favorable reservoir, in m; wy is the width of the favorable reservoir in m.
2. The method for predicting the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the oil field development data comprises oil field development flooding data and small layer plan data.
3. The method for predicting the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), when the content of the carbonate cement in the sample is measured, a rock slice analysis test method is adopted for measurement.
4. The method for predicting the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand according to claim 3, wherein the concrete steps of determining the content of the carbonate cement in the sample by adopting a rock slice analysis test method are as follows: the samples were ground into rock slices, which were tested using a polarizing microscope.
5. The method for predicting the distribution range of the beneficial reservoir of the dam sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the concrete step of drawing the distribution chart of the content of the carbonate cement is as follows: dividing the depth of the sampling points into a plurality of depth ranges, drawing a scatter diagram by taking the shortest distance between the sampling points and the sand-shale interface as an abscissa and the content of the carbonate cement in the sample as an ordinate, fitting the relationship between the content of the carbonate cement corresponding to all the sampling points in the same depth range and the shortest distance between the sampling points and the sand-shale interface to obtain a distribution curve, wherein a plurality of distribution curves corresponding to the depth ranges form a distribution chart of the content of the carbonate cement.
6. The method for predicting the distribution range of the favorable reservoir of the dam sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), when the functional relation between the cemented shell thickness and the burial depth of the dam sand under the given carbonate cement content is fitted, the average value of the burial depth range is taken as the burial depth of the dam sand.
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