CN108548765B - Porosity calculation method for clay-changing framework - Google Patents
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 240000002989 Euphorbia neriifolia Species 0.000 claims description 19
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium Chemical compound [Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 sandstone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porosity calculation method of a clay-changing framework. Firstly, performing physical property experiments and X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral experiments on a rock core to obtain data of porosity, mineral components and mineral content of the rock core; then, utilizing X-diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data to scale lithology scanning well logging, and accurately calculating a mineral profile; performing combined inversion on the obtained rock core porosity, mineral profile and density curve, mixed skeleton density calculation model and density porosity volume model to obtain a clay skeleton density value; combining the obtained density value of the clay skeleton with an energy spectrum curve and a density curve for inversion to obtain a clay skeleton density calculation model; then combining the clay skeleton density calculation model, the mineral profile and the mixed skeleton density calculation model to invert the mixed skeleton density value; and finally, inverting the obtained density value of the mixed skeleton by combining a density porosity volume model to obtain the porosity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of well logging, and particularly relates to a porosity calculation method of a clay-changing framework.
Background
With the continuous development of exploration technology and geological theory, besides the continuous new discovery of conventional oil gas exploration, the exploration of complex lithology, low-porosity and low-permeability oil gas resources also makes a great breakthrough. In recent years, complex lithologic oil and gas reservoirs are valued by various countries, the exploration of the complex lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in China is also advanced, and the drilling exploitation of complex lithologic reservoir layers such as lake-facies carbonate rocks, bedrocks and the like in some blocks has obtained high-yield industrial oil and gas flow. The complex lithologic reservoir has variable mineral components and contents, so that the rock physical characteristics such as skeleton density, skeleton neutrons and skeleton sound wave change are complex, and the porosity is difficult to calculate accurately.
The following three methods are commonly used to determine the porosity: the first is nuclear magnetic resonance logging. The method is to obtain the porosity needed for formation evaluation through observing the hydrogen nuclear signals in the formation pore fluid. The second method is a regional empirical statistical formula method, which utilizes a rock core to analyze a porosity scale logging curve and establishes a regional empirical porosity calculation model; the third method is a porosity calculation method based on a logging volume physical model, and the porosity of the reservoir is inverted by giving different reservoir rock skeleton values when the reservoir interval is processed. A non-patent document such as Tan Fengqi, published in the ' foreign logging technology ' in 2008, 12 months, and the like, the application of element capture spectrum logging in porosity calculation of volcanic rock reservoirs ' is disclosed.
The porosity calculation methods proposed above have respective advantages and limitations. The nuclear magnetic resonance logging method can directly obtain a continuous porosity curve, but the method has higher cost, low signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic signals in high-salinity stratum and low-porosity and low-permeability stratum and low measurement precision. The regional empirical statistical formula method is simple and easy to operate, but in the stratum with complicated lithology and various mineral components, the logging curve is greatly influenced by a rock framework, and the relative error of the calculated porosity is large. The porosity calculation method based on the logging volume physical model has wide applicability, but in a reservoir with complex mineral components, clay mineral types are many, the water content degree difference of clay is large under different buried depth reservoir conditions, and the clay skeleton value selection is the difficulty faced by the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the porosity of a clay-changed framework, which aims to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a porosity calculation method of a clay-changing framework is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing physical property experiments and X-ray diffraction whole-rock mineral experiments on the rock core to obtain data of porosity, mineral components and mineral content of the rock core;
step two: scanning and logging by using the X-diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data obtained in the step one to scale lithology, and accurately calculating a mineral profile;
step three: performing combined inversion according to the rock core porosity, the mineral profile and density curve, the mixed skeleton density calculation model and the density porosity volume model obtained in the first step and the second step to obtain a clay skeleton density value;
step four: combining and inverting the density value of the clay skeleton obtained in the step three with an energy spectrum curve and a density curve to obtain a clay skeleton density calculation model;
step five: combining the clay skeleton density calculation model obtained in the fourth step, the mineral profile obtained in the second step and the mixed skeleton density calculation model for inversion to obtain a mixed skeleton density value;
step six: and (4) inverting the density value of the mixed skeleton obtained in the fifth step by combining the density and porosity volume model to obtain the porosity.
Further, the lithology scanning well logging is carried out by using the X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data obtained in the step one, and a continuous mineral profile which changes along with the depth is obtained.
Further, performing combined inversion according to the rock core porosity, the mineral profile and density curve, the mixed skeleton density calculation model and the density porosity volume model obtained in the first step and the second step to obtain a clay skeleton density value; specifically, the method is carried out according to the following formula:
where ρ ismaFor mixed skeleton density, pshDenotes the density of the clay skeleton, vshDenotes the clay mineral content, pmaiRepresenting the density skeleton of the i-th mineral and excluding clay minerals, vmaiDenotes the i-th mineral content and excludes clay minerals, phi denotes the core porosity, ρbRepresenting the log measured density value, pfRepresenting the density of formation water, n > 1;
where the parameter ρ is knownmai、ρfObtained from a common skeleton density parameter table, vmai、vshObtained from mineral profiles determined by lithology scanning logging, [ phi ] from experimental data of core physical properties, [ rho ]bObtaining rho by solving equation system according to density curveshThe value of (c).
Further, the density value of the clay skeleton obtained in the step three is combined with the contents of thorium element and potassium element of the energy spectrum curve corresponding to the depth and the density value of the density curve corresponding to the depth, and rho is established through statistical analysisshWith THOR, POTA, ρbThe relation of (a), i.e. a clay skeleton density calculation model
ρsh＝a*ρb+b*THOR+c*POTA+M
In the formula, the density of a clay skeleton is shown, THOR is the content of thorium element, POTA is the content of potassium element, the density value is measured by logging, a, b and c are coefficients, and M is a constant term;
the coefficients a, b and c are obtained according to an equation set; the following were used:
the known parameter ρ in the equation setsh1、ρsh2，…，ρshnAs a clay skeleton density value, ρb1、ρb2，…，ρbnMeasuring density values for logs corresponding to density values of the clay skeleton, (THOR)1，(THOR)2，…,(THOR)nThorium content (POTA) corresponding to density value of clay skeleton1、(POTA)2，…，(POTA)nAnd solving an equation set to obtain a value a, a value b, a value c and a value M for the potassium content corresponding to the density value of the clay skeleton.
Further, combining the clay skeleton density calculation model obtained in the fourth step, the mineral profile obtained in the second step and the mixed skeleton density calculation model for inversion to obtain a mixed skeleton density value;
where rhomaIs the mixed skeleton density value.
Further, calculating the porosity by combining the mixed skeleton density value obtained in the step (5) with a density porosity volume model:
where Φ is the calculated porosity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention relates to a technology for inverting the porosity of a complex lithologic reservoir based on a variable clay framework, which can accurately and effectively invert the porosity of a reservoir with complex lithologic mineral components, multiple clay types and large buried depth. The technology not only avoids the defect of poor universality of porosity calculated by a mathematical statistics method, but also solves the problems of reservoir stratum with complex mineral components, multiple clay mineral types, large difference of water content of clay under different buried depth and accumulation conditions and difficult selection of clay skeleton value, and simultaneously saves the cost of special clay skeleton parameter analysis experiments and mixed skeleton density experiments. The technology effectively improves the inversion precision of the porosity of the complex lithologic reservoir and meets the evaluation requirement of the oil field production increasing and storage operation.
The technology of the invention provides technical reference for porosity calculation of complex lithologic reservoirs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the porosity of a varied clay framework provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a table of skeleton density parameters commonly used in the present example;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of XX well X diffraction whole rock mineral scale lithology scanning logging results in an example of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of XX borehole porosity calculation logs obtained using the method of the present invention in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1-4, a method for calculating the porosity of a clay-changed skeleton includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing physical property experiments and X-ray diffraction whole-rock mineral experiments on the rock core to obtain data of porosity, mineral components and mineral content of the rock core;
selecting a series of rock cores capable of representing the characteristics of a complex lithologic reservoir, and carrying out a physical property experiment and an X-diffraction whole rock mineral experiment on the rock cores according to a flow specified by a rock core analysis method SY/T5336-2006 standard, wherein the physical property experiment of the rock cores comprises a rock core porosity experiment and a rock core permeability experiment, and the rock core porosity and the rock core experiment permeability are obtained, and the X-diffraction whole rock mineral experiment comprises a rock core mineral component and mineral content experiment, and the rock core mineral component and mineral content are obtained.
Step two: and (4) performing scale lithology scanning well logging on the X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data obtained in the step one, and accurately calculating a mineral profile.
According to X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral experiment analysis, main mineral components of the XX well comprise cloud rock, limestone, sandstone, clay, pyrite and anhydrite, and the X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data is used for carrying out scale lithology scanning well logging to obtain a continuous mineral profile changing along with the depth. The curves of XX well X diffraction whole rock mineral data scale lithology scanning log are shown in 2-7 paths of FIG. 3, and the obtained continuous mineral profile is shown in 8 th path.
Step three: and (4) performing combined inversion by using the core porosity, the mineral profile and density curve, the mixed skeleton density calculation model and the density porosity volume model obtained in the first step and the second step to obtain the clay skeleton density value. Specifically, the method is carried out according to the following formula:
where ρ ismaFor mixed skeleton density, pshDenotes the density of the clay skeleton, vshDenotes the clay mineral content, pmaiDenotes the density skeleton (excluding clay minerals) of the i-th mineral, vmaiDenotes the i-th mineral content (excluding clay minerals), phi denotes the core porosity, pbRepresenting the log measured density value, pfRepresenting the density of the formation water, n > 1.
Where the parameter ρ is knownmai、ρfObtained from a common skeleton density parameter table, vmai、vshObtained from mineral profiles determined by lithology scanning logging, [ phi ] from experimental data of core physical properties, [ rho ]bObtaining rho by solving equation system according to density curveshThe value of (c).
FIG. 4 is a plot of the XX borehole porosity calculation log and the inverted clay framework density values in lane 5.
Step four: and combining the density value of the clay skeleton with the energy spectrum curve and the density curve to obtain a clay skeleton density calculation model.
And D, the density value of the clay skeleton obtained in the step three is discrete data, the density value of the clay skeleton of each sampling point cannot be represented, in order to obtain a continuous curve reflecting the density value of the clay skeleton of each depth point, a relational expression between the density value of the clay skeleton of the rock core samples and a sensitive logging curve needs to be established, the continuous density value of the clay skeleton can be obtained through the relational expression, and the continuous density value of the clay skeleton is a continuous curve on a logging map.
The contents of uranium, thorium and potassium in the stratum can be obtained through energy spectrum logging, the clay framework is closely related to thorium and potassium, and meanwhile, the clay framework value is influenced by a density curve, so that the thorium element, the potassium element and a logging measurement density value are selected to represent the clay framework density value.
Establishing rho through statistical analysis by using the density value of the clay skeleton obtained in the step three and combining the contents of thorium element and potassium element of the energy spectrum curve corresponding to the depth and the density value of the density curve corresponding to the depthshWith THOR, POTA, ρbThe relation of (a), namely a clay skeleton density calculation model. The method is specifically carried out according to the following invention formula:
ρsh＝a*ρb+b*THOR+c*POTA+M
where rhoshIs the clay skeleton density, THOR is the content of thorium element, POTA is the content of potassium element, rhobAnd (4) logging and measuring density values, wherein a, b and c are coefficients, and M is a constant term.
The coefficients a, b, c are solved according to a system of equations. The following were used:
the known parameter ρ in the equation setsh1、ρsh2，…，ρshnAs a clay skeleton density value, ρb1、ρb2，…，ρbnMeasuring density values for logs corresponding to density values of the clay skeleton, (THOR)1，(THOR)2，…,(THOR)nThorium content (POTA) corresponding to density value of clay skeleton1、(POTA)2，…，(POTA)nAnd solving an equation set to obtain a value a, a value b, a value c and a value M for the potassium content corresponding to the density value of the clay skeleton.
The obtained clay framework density value inversion model is as follows:
ρsh＝3.34*ρb+0.004*THOR+0.029*POTA-6.43
fig. 4 shows the second conventional log density curve, the third thorium and potassium curves in the spectrum curve, and the sixth calculated clay skeleton density curve.
Step five: and combining the clay skeleton density calculation model obtained in the fourth step, the mineral profile obtained in the second step and the mixed skeleton density calculation model for inversion to obtain a mixed skeleton density value. The method is specifically carried out according to the following formula:
where rhomaIs the mixed skeleton density value.
The seventh trace of FIG. 4 is the mixed skeleton density curve.
Step six: and (4) inverting the density value of the mixed skeleton obtained in the fifth step by combining the density and porosity volume model to obtain the porosity. The method is specifically carried out according to the following formula:
FIG. 4 is an eighth A-POR for experimental analysis of core porosity, represented by bars in the figure; POR is a porosity curve calculated using the above described invention. As can be seen from the figure, the consistency of the porosity calculated by the technology of the invention and the porosity of the experimental core analysis is better, and the precision of the calculated porosity is high.
The present invention has been described in detail, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided only for the purpose of understanding the embodiments and the core concepts of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other modifications, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents based on the principles of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A porosity calculation method of a clay-changing framework is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing physical property experiments and X-ray diffraction whole-rock mineral experiments on the rock core to obtain data of porosity, mineral components and mineral content of the rock core;
step two: scanning and logging by using the X-diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data obtained in the step one to scale lithology, and accurately calculating a mineral profile;
step three: performing combined inversion according to the rock core porosity, the mineral profile and density curve, the mixed skeleton density calculation model and the density porosity volume model obtained in the first step and the second step to obtain a clay skeleton density value;
step four: combining and inverting the density value of the clay skeleton obtained in the step three with an energy spectrum curve and a density curve to obtain a clay skeleton density calculation model;
step five: combining the clay skeleton density calculation model obtained in the fourth step, the mineral profile obtained in the second step and the mixed skeleton density calculation model for inversion to obtain a mixed skeleton density value;
step six: and (4) inverting the density value of the mixed skeleton obtained in the fifth step by combining the density and porosity volume model to obtain the porosity.
2. The method for calculating the porosity of the clay-changing framework according to claim 1, wherein the lithology scanning well logging is carried out by using the X-ray diffraction whole rock mineral experiment data obtained in the step one, so that a continuous mineral profile changing along with the depth is obtained.
3. The method for calculating the porosity of the clay-variable framework according to claim 1, wherein the density value of the clay framework is obtained by inversion based on the combination of the core porosity, the mineral profile and density curve, the mixed framework density calculation model and the density porosity volume model obtained in the first step and the second step; specifically, the method is carried out according to the following formula:
where ρ ismaFor mixed skeleton density, pshDenotes the density of the clay skeleton, vshDenotes the clay mineral content, pmaiRepresenting the density skeleton of the i-th mineral and excluding clay minerals, vmaiDenotes the i-th mineral content and excludes clay minerals, phi denotes the core porosity, ρbRepresenting the log measured density value, pfRepresenting the density of formation water, n > 1;
where the parameter ρ is knownmai、ρfObtained from a common skeleton density parameter table, vmai、vshObtained from mineral profiles determined by lithology scanning logging, [ phi ] from experimental data of core physical properties, [ rho ]bObtaining rho by solving equation system according to density curveshThe value of (c).
4. The method for calculating the porosity of the varied clay skeleton according to claim 1, wherein rho is established by statistical analysis according to the density value of the clay skeleton obtained in the third step and the contents of thorium and potassium in the energy spectrum curve corresponding to the depth and the density value of the density curve corresponding to the depthshWith THOR, POTA, ρbThe relation of (a), i.e. a clay skeleton density calculation model
ρsh＝a*ρb+b*THOR+c*POTA+M
In the formula, the density of a clay skeleton is shown, THOR is the content of thorium element, POTA is the content of potassium element, the density value is measured by logging, a, b and c are coefficients, and M is a constant term;
the coefficients a, b and c are obtained according to an equation set; the following were used:
the known parameter ρ in the equation setsh1、ρsh2，…，ρshnAs a clay skeleton density value, ρb1、ρb2，…，ρbnMeasuring density values for logs corresponding to density values of the clay skeleton, (THOR)1，(THOR)2，…,(THOR)nThorium content (POTA) corresponding to density value of clay skeleton1、(POTA)2，…，(POTA)nAnd solving an equation set to obtain a value a, a value b, a value c and a value M for the potassium content corresponding to the density value of the clay skeleton.
5. The method for calculating the porosity of the clay framework according to claim 1, wherein the density calculation model of the clay framework obtained in the fourth step, the mineral profile obtained in the second step and the density calculation model of the mixed framework are combined for inversion to obtain the density value of the mixed framework;
where rhomaIs the mixed skeleton density value.
6. The method for calculating the porosity of the clay-variable framework according to claim 1, wherein the porosity is calculated by combining the mixed framework density value obtained in the step (5) with a density-porosity volume model:
where Φ is the calculated porosity.
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| CN101832133A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2010-09-15 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Reservoir fluid type discrimination method based on difference value of density porosity and neutron porosity |
| CN104564037A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale gas reservoir brittle mineral content logging calculation method |
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