CN107164096B - 一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化和检测方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化和检测方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107164096B CN107164096B CN201710388674.7A CN201710388674A CN107164096B CN 107164096 B CN107164096 B CN 107164096B CN 201710388674 A CN201710388674 A CN 201710388674A CN 107164096 B CN107164096 B CN 107164096B
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化和检测方法及其应用。本发明首次采用水蒸气蒸馏和有机萃取技术提取纯化得到爱地草挥发油,所述提取工艺针对爱地草挥发油成分特点,可以有效防止原料焦化、避免加热过程造成挥发油成分中热敏性、易分解、易氧化成分损失、避免造成挥发油活性损失和挥发油品质降低,提高挥发油成分的提取率;并且提取纯化方法工艺简单,成本低,制备工艺中的蒸馏水和有机溶剂能够重复利用,经本发明制备工艺获得的挥发油含水率低,挥发油主活性成分较全面保留。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然产物有效成分提取技术领域,特别是涉及一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化和检测方法及其应用。
背景技术
挥发油(volatile oils),又称精油(essential oils),是一类在常温下能挥发的、可随水蒸汽蒸馏的、与水不相混的油状液体的总称。大多数挥发油具有芳香气味。挥发油是一类重要的活性成分,临床上除直接应用主要含挥发油的生药外,还可应用从中精制的挥发油,如桉叶油、薄荷油等。挥发油具有发散解表、芳香开窍、理气止痛、祛风除湿、活血化瘀、祛寒温里、清热解毒、解暑祛秽、杀虫抗菌等作用。但不同来源的挥发油的活性成分不同,其功能也存在较大差异,如薄荷油用驱风健胃,当归油镇痛,柴胡油退热,土荆芥油驱肠虫等。
爱地草(Geophila repens(L.)),属于茜草科科、爱地草属植物,别名出山虎,全草入药,解毒消肿、排脓。主治痈疽疔疮。分布于我国的台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西和云南等地区。适生于林缘、路旁、溪边等较潮湿地方。
目前,对于爱地草的研究较少,多采用内服煎汤,或者捣烂或研磨调敷外用;还未有关于爱地草挥发油提取与使用的报道。因此,随着天然产物精细化应用的逐步实施,以及为进一步的拓展爱地草的应用领域,有必要对爱地草挥发油的提取与使用开展研究。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化和检测方法及其应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化方法,步骤如下:
(1)将爱地草粉碎,加水后搅拌进行水蒸气蒸馏提取,得含挥发油水系;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入有机溶剂进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的有机溶剂中加入脱水干燥剂脱水,过滤回收有机溶剂,即得到干燥纯净的挥发油。
优选的,步骤(1)中,将爱地草粉碎至粒径为50-100目;进一步优选的,将爱地草粉碎至粒径为60目。
优选的,步骤(1)中,爱地草和水加入的质量比为1:2~6,进一步优选为1:3.5。
优选的,步骤(1)中,水蒸气蒸馏提取时间为3-6h。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述有机溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、丙烯酸乙酯、正己烷或乙醚中的一种或几种;进一步优选为乙醚。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述脱水干燥剂选自无水硫酸钠或无水硫酸钙;进一步优选为无水硫酸钠。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种爱地草挥发油的检测方法,步骤如下:
(1)按上述方法提取纯化爱地草挥发油;
(2)采用气相色谱-质谱法对爱地草挥发油进行分析检测。
优选的,步骤(2)中,分析检测的条件为:HP-5MS色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);载气:氦气;流速:1.2mL/min,溶剂延迟5min;升温程序:初始温度为60℃,保持1min,以8℃/min升温到200℃,保持5min,再以5℃/min升到280℃,保持2min。离子化方式:EI,70eV;离子源温度:250℃;载气:氦气;柱流速:1.2mL/min。
本发明的第三方面,提供由上述提取纯化方法得到的爱地草挥发油。经分析检测,本发明的爱地草挥发油的化学成分包括:β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、γ-松油烯、芳樟醇、别罗勒烯、菊醇、莰酮、4-松油醇、松油醇、反式-2-癸烯醛、α-十三烯、2-十一酮、十一醛、α-长叶蒎烯、δ-榄香烯、α-荜澄茄油烯、丁香酚、β-广藿香萜烯、α-依兰烯、α-蒎烯、β-榄香烯、异丁香烯、(Z)-β-金合欢烯、γ-雪松烯、γ-衣兰油烯、雅榄蓝烯、十五烷、α-桉叶烯、δ-杜松烯、α-杜松烯、γ-杜松烯、石竹素、β-去二氢菖蒲烯、黑蚁素、异香树烯环氧化物、柏木脑、石竹烯氧化物、库贝醇、新臭根子草醇、δ-荜澄茄醇、τ-杜松醇、蓝桉烯、细辛醚、金合欢醇、没药醇、异长叶醇、(Z)-β-檀香醇、澳白檀醇、木香醇、风毛菊内酯、十六醛、新植二烯、六氢法尼基丙酮、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、异植醇、西松烯、新瑟模环烯、m-樟烯、戊基姜黄烯、p-樟脑烯、扁枝烯、海松二烯、泪柏醇、黑松醇、油酸、亚油酸、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯。
针对爱地草挥发油的主要化学成分分析,其成分及含量明显有异与其他物种的挥发油,因此上述检测方法可以用于爱地草挥发油的鉴别以及将上述分离方法结合检测方法用于爱地草的鉴别。
本发明的第四方面,提供上述爱地草挥发油在作为抑菌剂中的应用;所述抑菌剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌具有较好的抑菌效果,可用于食品、药品、化妆品和保健品等领域。
本发明的第五方面,提供上述爱地草挥发油在制备预防和/或治疗癌症的产品中的应用。
上述应用中,所述产品包括:食品、药品或保健品。
上述应用中,所述癌症为肝癌和乳腺癌。
本发明的第六方面,提供一种抑菌剂,其活性成分为上述的爱地草挥发油。
本发明的第七方面,提供一种抗癌的药物组合物,其含有治疗有效量的上述爱地草挥发油。
本文使用的术语“治疗有效量”表示,治疗、改善靶向的疾病或病症或者表现出可检测的治疗效果所需的治疗剂的量。
本发明的药物组合物在相当宽的剂量范围内是有效的。实际服用本发明药物组合为的剂量可根据有关的情况来决定。这些情况包括:受试者的身体状态、给药途径、年龄、体重、对药物的个体反应,症状的严重程度等。
进一步的,上述药物组合物可以制成各种药物剂型,根据不同的剂型选配相应的药学上可接受的载体,制成口服的混悬剂、胶囊剂、乳状剂,直接通过肠胃吸收用于抗癌作用;可以制成泡沫剂、乳状剂和混悬剂,直接涂抹或喷洒在病灶部位,外用药的原理是利用挥发油的渗透作用,通过皮肤或者粘膜吸收后作用于病灶,外用药例如治疗乳腺癌。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明首次采用水蒸气蒸馏和有机萃取技术提取纯化得到爱地草挥发油,所述提取工艺针对爱地草挥发油成分特点,可以有效防止原料焦化、避免加热过程造成挥发油成分中热敏性、易分解、易氧化成分损失、避免造成挥发油活性损失和挥发油品质降低,提高挥发油成分(包括成分种类和活性成分含量)的提取率;并且提取纯化方法工艺简单,成本低,制备工艺中的蒸馏水和有机溶剂能够重复利用,经本发明制备工艺获得的挥发油含水率低,挥发油主活性成分较全面保留。
(2)本发明首次建立了爱地草挥发油的组成及量化分析,通过爱地草挥发油的特点其他物种挥发油活性成分的不同,分别建立了爱地草挥发油提取工艺的质量控制检测方法和爱地草挥发油的鉴别以及于爱地草的鉴别方法。
(3)本发明提取纯化得到的爱地草挥发油,经试验验证同时具有良好的抑菌和抗癌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有良好的抑菌作用,对HepG2(人肝癌细胞)和MCF-7(人乳腺癌细胞)具有良好的抗癌抑癌效果,适合工业化生产应用。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的,挥发油成分十分复杂,且来源不同,功效各异,对于爱地草的研究较少,多采用内服煎汤,或者捣烂或研磨调敷外用;目前还未有关于爱地草挥发油提取与使用的报道。基于此,本申请提出了一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化和检测方法及其应用。
在本申请的一种实施方案中,提供了一种爱地草挥发油的提取纯化方法,步骤如下:
(1)取新鲜爱地草洗净晾干后粉粹至粒径为50-100目,加入蒸馏水后搅拌进行水蒸汽蒸馏,得含挥发油水系;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入有机溶剂进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的有机溶剂中加入脱水干燥剂脱水,过滤回收有机溶剂即得到干燥纯净的挥发油。
爱地草属的植物现有已发现的化合物结构主要为木脂素类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、香豆精类、有机酸类、醇类、烃类、皂苷类、氨基酸及多糖、挥发油等,而发明人发现爱地草挥发油有自己的特点和化合物种类(如表2所示),发明人前期研究爱地草挥发油的特点,采用多种方式尝试提取爱地草挥发油,并通过GC-MS检测,发现爱地草所含挥发油成分绝大部分化合物在水中溶解度极低,相对更适宜通过水蒸气蒸馏法进行提取,因此提出本方案,其相较于其他挥发油提取方式而言,挥发油提取效率以及挥发油种类比例提取更高。
其中,水蒸气蒸馏法提取爱地草挥发油过程中,极易产生原料焦化的问题,发明人实验发现,控制爱地草干粉的粒径是一个至关重要的因素,将粒径限制在50目以上,焦化现象明显消失,在此基础上,发明人进一步的采用合适的爱地草与蒸馏水的比例,减缓原料焦化问题和辅助提取。
具体的实施方案中,本发明所述洗净晾干后的爱地草与蒸馏水的质量比为1:2~6,进一步优选为1:3.5;所述爱地草粉粹粒径优选为60目;发明人在实验研究中发现,粉粹颗粒较大,会使水蒸汽从原料间隙流出,从而使得提取率降低,且浪费资源;而粉粹粒径过小,则使得水蒸汽无法均匀透过原料,导致蒸汽从冲开的原料中逸出,同样导致提取率不高。
此外,由于爱地草的提取工艺是新建立的,在本发明期间,发明人参考了其他植物挥发油的提取工艺,然而与之不同的是,本发明所述挥发油含有较多易氧化成分(以烯类居多),为避免加热过程造成挥发油成分中热敏性、易分解、易氧化成分损失,本发明所述水蒸汽蒸馏提取时间限制在3-6h;适宜的提取时间能够保证尽可能由爱地草中提取出挥发油组分,同时也避免提取时间过长造成的资源浪费。
所述有机溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、丙烯酸乙酯、正己烷、乙醚中的一种或几种,优选为乙醚;申请人对于水蒸气蒸馏-有机溶剂萃取法进行单因素实验发现,乙醚对爱地草挥发油组分萃取效果最佳,相较于其他的有机溶剂具有更好的提取率。
所述脱水干燥剂选自无水硫酸钠或无水硫酸钙,优选为无水硫酸钠。
本发明的优选的一个实施方式中,爱地草挥发油的提取纯化方法,包括:
(1)取新鲜爱地草洗净晾干后粉粹至粒径为60目,加入蒸馏水后搅拌进行水蒸汽蒸馏,蒸馏提取时间为5h,得含挥发油水系;其中,所述洗净晾干后的爱地草与蒸馏水的质量比为1:3.5;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入乙醚进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的乙醚溶液中加入无水硫酸钠脱水,过滤回收乙醚即得到干燥纯净的挥发油。
本发明的一个实施方式中,提供一种由上述提取纯化方法制备得到的爱地草挥发油。
所述爱地草挥发油的主要化学成分包括石竹烯、β-石竹烯、丁酸金合欢酯、月桂烯、反式-橙花叔醇、α-石竹烯、癸醛、β-瑟林烯和十二醛。
更为全面的,本发明所述爱地草挥发油的主要化学成分包括:β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、γ-松油烯、芳樟醇、别罗勒烯、菊醇、莰酮、4-松油醇、松油醇、反式-2-癸烯醛、α-十三烯、2-十一酮、十一醛、α-长叶蒎烯、δ-榄香烯、α-荜澄茄油烯、丁香酚、β-广藿香萜烯、α-依兰烯、α-蒎烯、β-榄香烯、异丁香烯、(Z)-β-金合欢烯、γ-雪松烯、γ-衣兰油烯、雅榄蓝烯、十五烷、α-桉叶烯、δ-杜松烯、α-杜松烯、γ-杜松烯、石竹素、β-去二氢菖蒲烯、黑蚁素、异香树烯环氧化物、柏木脑、石竹烯氧化物、库贝醇、新臭根子草醇、δ-荜澄茄醇、τ-杜松醇、蓝桉烯、细辛醚、金合欢醇、没药醇、异长叶醇、(Z)-β-檀香醇、澳白檀醇、木香醇、风毛菊内酯、十六醛、新植二烯、六氢法尼基丙酮、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、异植醇、西松烯、新瑟模环烯、m-樟烯、戊基姜黄烯、p-樟脑烯、扁枝烯、海松二烯、泪柏醇、黑松醇、油酸、亚油酸、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯。
为了便于更为有效的对爱地草挥发油提取工艺进行过程质量控制,本发明优选的实施方式为,一种由上述提取纯化方法制备得到的爱地草挥发油的检测方法,所述方法包括采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析检测,检测条件为:HP-5MS色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);载气:氦气;流速:1.2mL/min,溶剂延迟5min;升温程序:初始温度为60℃,保持1min,以8℃/min升温到200℃,保持5min,再以5℃/min升到280℃,保持2min。离子化方式:EI,70eV;离子源温度:250℃;载气:氦气;柱流速:1.2mL/min;
检测并控制所述爱地草挥发油化学成分,包括石竹烯、β-石竹烯、丁酸金合欢酯、月桂烯、反式-橙花叔醇、α-石竹烯、癸醛、β-瑟林烯和十二醛等成分的控制;
更为全面的,检测所述爱地草挥发油的主要化学成分包括:β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、γ-松油烯、芳樟醇、别罗勒烯、菊醇、莰酮、4-松油醇、松油醇、反式-2-癸烯醛、α-十三烯、2-十一酮、十一醛、α-长叶蒎烯、δ-榄香烯、α-荜澄茄油烯、丁香酚、β-广藿香萜烯、α-依兰烯、α-蒎烯、β-榄香烯、异丁香烯、(Z)-β-金合欢烯、γ-雪松烯、γ-衣兰油烯、雅榄蓝烯、十五烷、α-桉叶烯、δ-杜松烯、α-杜松烯、γ-杜松烯、石竹素、β-去二氢菖蒲烯、黑蚁素、异香树烯环氧化物、柏木脑、石竹烯氧化物、库贝醇、新臭根子草醇、δ-荜澄茄醇、τ-杜松醇、蓝桉烯、细辛醚、金合欢醇、没药醇、异长叶醇、(Z)-β-檀香醇、澳白檀醇、木香醇、风毛菊内酯、十六醛、新植二烯、六氢法尼基丙酮、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、异植醇、西松烯、新瑟模环烯、m-樟烯、戊基姜黄烯、p-樟脑烯、扁枝烯、海松二烯、泪柏醇、黑松醇、油酸、亚油酸、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯。
本发明的一个实施方案中将上述检测方法用于爱地草挥发油的鉴别以及将上述分离方法结合检测方法用于爱地草的鉴别。
例如,一种爱地草挥发油的鉴别方法,所述方法包括将待测挥发油采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析检测,检测条件为:HP-5MS色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);载气:氦气;流速:1.2mL/min,溶剂延迟5min;升温程序:初始温度为60℃,保持1min,以8℃/min升温到200℃,保持5min,再以5℃/min升到280℃,保持2min。离子化方式:EI,70eV;离子源温度:250℃;载气:氦气;柱流速:1.2mL/min;
待测挥发油检测结果与爱地草挥发油化学成分(石竹烯、β-石竹烯、丁酸金合欢酯、月桂烯、反式-橙花叔醇、α-石竹烯、癸醛、β-瑟林烯和十二醛)比对。
一种爱地草的鉴别方法,所述方法包括待测物种挥发油的提取和待测物种挥发油的检测,
所述待测物种挥发油的提取包括:(1)取待测物种洗净晾干后粉粹至粒径为50-100目,加入蒸馏水后搅拌进行水蒸汽蒸馏,得含挥发油水系;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入有机溶剂进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的有机溶剂中加入脱水干燥剂脱水,过滤回收有机溶剂即得到干燥纯净的挥发油;
待测物种挥发油的检测包括:将待测物种挥发油采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析检测,检测条件为:HP-5MS色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);载气:氦气;流速:1.2mL/min,溶剂延迟5min;升温程序:初始温度为60℃,保持1min,以8℃/min升温到200℃,保持5min,再以5℃/min升到280℃,保持2min。离子化方式:EI,70eV;离子源温度:250℃;载气:氦气;柱流速:1.2mL/min;
待测挥发油检测结果与爱地草挥发油化学成分(石竹烯、β-石竹烯、丁酸金合欢酯、月桂烯、反式-橙花叔醇、α-石竹烯、癸醛、β-瑟林烯和十二醛)比对。
此外,本发明研究了所述爱地草挥发油的系列可能功用,公开了上述爱地草挥发油的应用。
发明人前期也研究过多种植物挥发油的功能,如錾菜挥发油、豆腐菜挥发油、刺毛峨参挥发油等,但不同植物挥发油成分十分复杂,且来源不同,功能也存在较大差异,据发明人了解,同时具有抑菌、抗肿瘤活性多功能用途的挥发油种类仍较少,其功能仍主要跟活性成分及其相关比例有关,发明人前期发现了豆腐菜挥发油具有此功能,刺毛峨参挥发油也具有该功效,而在研究爱地草挥发油过过程中,发明人发现该挥发油同时具有良好的抑菌和抗癌活性多种功能,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有良好的抑菌作用,对HepG2(人肝癌细胞)和MCF-7(人乳腺癌细胞)具有良好的抗癌抑癌效果。
在本发明另外一些具体的实施方式中,本发明公开了所述爱地草挥发油作为抑菌剂应用于食品、药品、化妆品或保健品的用途;进一步的,所述爱地草挥发油作为金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌剂。
进一步的,本发明公开了上述爱地草挥发油的应用,所述爱地草挥发油作为抗癌制剂应用于食品、药品或保健品;进一步的,所述爱地草挥发油作为肝癌和乳腺癌的抗癌制剂。
例如药品,以爱地草挥发油为原料,根据不同的剂型选配相应的药学上可接受的载体,制成口服的混悬剂、胶囊剂、乳状剂,直接通过肠胃吸收用于抗癌作用;可以制成泡沫剂、乳状剂和混悬剂,直接涂抹或喷洒在病灶部位,外用药的原理是利用挥发油的渗透作用,通过皮肤或者粘膜吸收后作用于病灶,外用药例如治疗乳腺癌。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。
本发明实施例中所用的试验材料均为本领域常规的试验材料,均可通过商业渠道购买得到。
实施例1:预实验
分别采用不同的提取方法对爱地草挥发油进行提取,具体如下:
1.水蒸气蒸馏法:
(1)取500g干爱地草粉粹磨粉,加入1000g蒸馏水后搅拌进行水蒸汽蒸馏,蒸馏提取时间为5h,得含挥发油水系;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入乙醚进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的乙醚溶液中加入无水硫酸钠脱水,过滤回收乙醚即得到干燥纯净的挥发油。
2.同时蒸馏萃取法:
称取500g干爱地草粉粹磨粉于蒸馏烧瓶巾,加入1000g蒸溜水,同时量取乙醚于蒸馏烧瓶中,连接同时蒸德萃取装置,同时蒸留萃取收集乙醚液,并用无水硫酸钠脱水,乙醚萃取液于旋转蒸发仪真空浓缩,得到挥发油。
3.乙醚回流萃取法:
称取500g干爱地草粉粹磨粉于蒸馏烧瓶巾,加入乙醚进行回流萃取。
预实验的考察结果见表1。
表1预实验结果
由表1可以看出,采用水蒸气蒸馏法的挥发油得率较高,因此,后续实验中对于挥发油的提取采用水蒸气蒸馏法。
实施例2:爱地草挥发油的提取纯化方法
(1)取500g新鲜爱地草洗净晾干后粉粹至粒径为60目,加入1000g蒸馏水后搅拌进行水蒸汽蒸馏,蒸馏提取时间为5h,得含挥发油水系;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入乙醚进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的乙醚溶液中加入无水硫酸钠脱水,过滤回收乙醚即得到干燥纯净的挥发油;提取率为0.41%,挥发油中的含水率为0.65%。
实施例3:爱地草挥发油的检测方法
采用GC-MS对实施例2得到的爱地草挥发油进行检测,具体检测条件如下:HP-5MS色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);载气:氦气;流速:1.2mL/min,溶剂延迟5min;升温程序:初始温度为60℃,保持1min,以8℃/min升温到200℃,保持5min,再以5℃/min升到280℃,保持2min。离子化方式:EI,70eV;离子源温度:250℃;载气:氦气;柱流速:1.2mL/min。共检测出爱地草挥发油中化学成分76种,具体化学成分及相对含量见表2。
表2爱地草挥发油化学成分
实施例4:爱地草挥发油的抑菌作用
1.验菌种和培养基
试验菌种:选择四种细菌菌株用于抑菌试验,包括革兰氏阳性菌:金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538),枯草芽孢杆菌(ATCC 6633)和革兰氏阴性菌:大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922),绿脓杆菌(ATCC 27853)。
试验用培养基:细菌MHB(Mueller Hinton Broth)培养基。
2.试验方法
(1)灭菌:
将实验所需要的培养基、试管、培养皿、滤纸片(6mm)、枪头、蒸馏水等在121℃湿热灭菌20min,灭完菌将其放置超净工作台紫外灭菌30min。
(2)菌悬液的配制:
从经过活化的菌体斜面上挑取一环菌体接种于相应的MHB培养基中,放入恒温摇床中37℃条件下隔夜培养。分别吸取以上培养好的处于对数生长期的供试菌液0.5mL,用MH肉汤稀释成0.5麦氏比浊标准的菌悬液。再用MH肉汤将上述菌悬液进行1∶100稀释后,得到1-2×106CFU/ml备用。
(3)供试药物:
对照药物:氯霉素;样品:实施例1所得爱地草挥发油的5mg/mL稀释液。
(4)抑菌活性的测定:
采用滤纸片法测定抑菌活性。无菌条件下,在已灭菌的培养皿中倾入MHA培养基20mL,冷却凝固后制成固体平板。向每个固体平板中加入100μL已稀释好的菌悬液,涂布均匀,放置5min,使培养基充分吸收菌液。用记号笔在有菌琼脂平板上标号。用无菌镊子将灭完菌的干燥的滤纸片夹出,放入写相应对照编号的培养皿中,向灭完菌的干燥的滤纸片滴加配制好的样品溶液或氯霉素溶液10μL,每个样品做三个平行,放入37℃恒温培养箱培养25h。培养时间到后取出培养皿观察透明抑菌圈,采用十字交叉法用测微尺测量每个抑菌圈两个垂直方向的直径大小,取其平均值(mm)为测定结果,每项抑菌实验均平行重复3次。以抑菌圈直径的大小来进行抑菌活性强弱的判定,抑菌圈表现得越大,则表明其抗菌活性也就越强。
(5)MIC的测定:
吸取稀释好的菌液加于96孔细胞培养板中,每孔100μL,并加入已配置好的不同浓度的药物100μL。倒数第二孔不加药物(仅加培养基和细菌)加入稀释菌液100μL,为细菌生长对照孔。最后一列为阳性对照氯霉素。置于振荡器上振荡1min,使孔内溶液充分混匀后,将96孔板振荡摇匀后置于37℃恒温培养箱中培养16-18小时后,向每孔中加入用无菌水配置的1%TTC(2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑)溶液20μL,振荡摇匀于37℃恒温培养箱中培养30到60分钟,观察每孔颜色变化。取未呈现颜色变化的最后一孔所含挥发油浓度为其最低抑菌浓度MIC。
重复所有MIC值的测量一式三份。
3.实验结果
抑菌效果用最小抑菌浓度MIC表示,测量结果见表3。
表3爱地草挥发油抑菌活性
由表3可以看出,爱地草挥发油对4种供试菌都有一定的抑制作用,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.250mg/mL,对枯草杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.049mg/mL,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为1.563mg/mL,对绿脓杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.049mg/mL。
通过具体实施实例说明爱地草挥发油可作为天然抗菌剂用于食品、药品保健品或化妆品行业,代替有毒副作用的合成抗菌剂。
实施例5:爱地草挥发油的细胞毒性
1.细胞培养
HepG2(人肝癌细胞)和MCF-7(人乳腺癌细胞)细胞株用含10%新生牛血清以及青霉素、链霉素各100U/mL的RPMI1640培养基置于37℃、饱和湿度、5%CO2的培养箱中培养。
2.MTT法检测细胞活力
取对数生长期的肿瘤细胞悬浮于含10%胎牛血清以及2mM谷氨酰胺的RPMI-1640培养基中,用玻璃吸管轻轻吹打成单细胞悬液,用TC10自动细胞计数仪计数。将细胞接种于96孔培养板,细胞密度为5×103个/mL,每孔200μL。在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱预培养25h使细胞粘附后,加入预先配制的浓度分别为0.016、0.031、0.063、0.125、0.250、0.500、1和2mg/mL的挥发油溶液对肿瘤细胞进行处理。并设阴性对照及空白对照。再分别连续培养25h、48h、72h,然后用MTT法测定。每孔加入10μL 5mg/mL的MTT溶液,继续培养2h后,吸去上清液。每孔加入100μL DMSO,置微量振荡器振荡10min使结晶完全溶解,于Multiskan Ascent酶标仪在波长570nm下测定吸光度(A)值,计算细胞增殖抑制率,该测定一式三份。细胞增殖抑制率如下计算。
细胞增殖抑制率/%=[1-OD处理组/OD对照]×100%
3.实验结果
细胞毒性以抑制50%细胞生长时所需样品浓度即(IC50值)表示,测量结果见表4、表5。
表4爱地草挥发油对HepG2细胞毒活性
表5爱地草挥发油对MCF-7细胞毒活性
由表4、5可以看出,爱地草挥发油对HepG2、MCF-7两种细胞都有一定的抑制作用,其对HepG2 72小时IC50为0.054mg/mL;对MCF-7 72小时IC50为0.031mg/mL。
上述结果说明爱地草挥发油可作为天然抗癌细胞剂用于食品、药品或保健品行业。
对比例1:爱地草挥发油的提取纯化
将步骤(1)中爱地草粉碎的粒径调整为40目,其余操作同实施例1,制备得到挥发油,提取率为0.35%,挥发油中的含水率为0.68%。
对比例2:爱地草挥发油的提取纯化
将步骤(1)中爱地草粉碎的粒径调整为120目,其余操作同实施例1,制备得到挥发油,提取率为0.32%,挥发油中的含水率为0.71%。
对比例3:爱地草挥发油的提取纯化
将步骤(2)中“向含挥发油水系中加入乙醚进行萃取”调整为“向含挥发油水系中加入二氯甲烷进行萃取”,其余操作同实施例1,制备得到挥发油,提取率为0.37%,挥发油中的含水率为0.66%。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种检测爱地草挥发油的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
Ⅰ、提取纯化爱地草挥发油,步骤如下:
(1)取500g新鲜爱地草洗净晾干后粉碎至粒径为60目,加入1000g蒸馏水后搅拌进行水蒸汽蒸馏,蒸馏提取时间为5h,得含挥发油水系;
(2)向含挥发油水系中加入乙醚进行萃取,弃去分出的水层,向含挥发油的乙醚溶液中
加入无水硫酸钠脱水,过滤回收乙醚即得到干燥纯净的挥发油;
Ⅱ、采用气相色谱-质谱法对爱地草挥发油进行分析检测;
分析检测的条件为:HP-5MS色谱柱;载气:氦气;流速:1.2mL/min,溶剂延迟3min;升温程序:初始温度为60℃,保持1min,以8℃/min升温到200℃,保持5min,再以5℃/min升到280℃,保持2min;离子化方式:EI,70eV;离子源温度:250℃;载气:氦气;柱流速:1.2mL/min。
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