CN107156022A - 一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107156022A CN107156022A CN201710191342.XA CN201710191342A CN107156022A CN 107156022 A CN107156022 A CN 107156022A CN 201710191342 A CN201710191342 A CN 201710191342A CN 107156022 A CN107156022 A CN 107156022A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,属于蛇养殖技术领域,该养殖方法包括常规蛇园的建造、蛇蛋孵化、蛇的喂养及消毒处理,所述蛇蛋孵化具体操作为:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为1‑4%的苯酚溶液中浸泡2‑5min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;所述蛇的喂养过程中,幼蛇出壳后的7‑10天内,给幼蛇喂食2‑3次复合维生素B,每次8‑12mg;并且每天将蛇放入复合维生素溶液中1‑3次,每次2‑6min;此后每隔6‑12天投喂蛇饲料。采用本发明的养殖方法简单,能够缩短滑鼠蛇的生长周期,降低养殖风险,并且可以提高滑鼠蛇的成活率,加速生长,增加经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于蛇养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法。
背景技术
滑鼠蛇(学名:Ptyas mucosus),俗名:乌肉蛇、草锦蛇、长标蛇、水律蛇、山蛇,是一种无毒蛇。在中国主要分布于南方地区,生活于海拔800米以下的山区、丘陵、平原地带。蛇性情较凶猛,攻击速度快,捕食鼠类、蟾蜍、蛙、蜥蜴和其它蛇等。滑鼠蛇是中国所产无毒蛇中的较大者,成蛇体长而粗大,一般在1500mm以上,有的可达2000mm左右。蛇身背面黄褐色,体后部有不规则的黑色横纹,横斑至尾部形成网纹;腹面前段红棕色,后部淡黄色。头部黑褐色,唇鳞淡灰色,腹面黄白色,腹鳞后缘色黑,身体前段、后段及尾部的腹鳞黑色,后缘更为明显。
滑鼠蛇是一种具有广泛使用价值的蛇。滑鼠蛇含有降压作用的甲状旁腺提取物,胆囊中含有丰富的钙、镁、锌、铜和铁,其中钙为最主要成分,镁次之;其蛇肉味道鲜美,还具有滋补健胃的功能;蛇皮、蛇油、蛇鞭、蛇毒等都具有很高的经济价值。人工养殖滑鼠蛇已经遍布全国很多地方,然而,滑鼠蛇是一种很难养的动物,经常食蛙类、鼠类、蚯蚓等动物,长此以往,营养单一,蛋白质、维生素及矿物质缺乏会造成滑鼠蛇免疫力低下、死亡率高、生长缓慢,并且滑鼠蛇对环境敏感,极易染病,使得养殖户投入高、风险大、经济效益降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,该方法能提高滑鼠蛇的孵化率,加快滑鼠蛇生长发育,增强滑鼠蛇的生命力的抗病性,提高养殖经济效益。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括常规蛇房的建造、蛇蛋孵化以及蛇的饲养;
所述蛇蛋孵化具体操作为:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.01-0.05%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡2-6min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;
所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的2-3个月内灌喂液体饲料,每2-4天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液2-5份、牛奶6-10份、鱼肝油1-4份、水10-20份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔5-10天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉30-50份、鸭肉10-25份、猪肉2-8份、鼠肉0.5-1.5份、蛙肉15-25份、奶粉2-5份、鸡蛋10-25份、虾头4-8份、蚯蚓3-8份、海带2-7份、黄瓜籽粉0.1-0.3份、棉籽粉2-6份、鱼肝油2-7份、葡萄糖酸钙0.5-2份、诱食剂0.1-0.5份和水10-15份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量随着体重的增长而增加。
进一步的,所述滑鼠蛇的养殖方法所述蛇的饲养过程中还包括消毒处理,所述消毒处理过程为:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为4-7min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔5-7天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
进一步的,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉35-45份、鸭肉15-20份、猪肉3-7份、鼠肉0.8-1.25份、蛙肉18-22份、鸡蛋15-20份、虾头5-7份、蚯蚓4-7份、海带3-6份、黄瓜籽粉0.15-0.25份、棉籽粉3-5份、鱼肝油3-6份、葡萄糖酸钙0.8-1.5份、诱食剂0.2-0.4份和水11-14份经混合搅拌后制成。
进一步的,所述诱食剂为将10-15份猪肝酶解物、0.1-0.5份谷氨酸、0.1-0.5份甘氨酸、0.1-0.5份丙氨酸、0.5-1.5份磷酸三钙、0.15-0.25份维生素A、0.15-0.25份维生素E、0.01-0.03份小茴香、5-10份鸭血、5-10份鸡血和2-10份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60-110℃下加入浆液总质量的0.1-0.5%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45-150min得到所述诱食剂。
进一步的,所述诱食剂为将11-14份猪肝酶解物、0.2-0.4份谷氨酸、0.2-0.3份甘氨酸、0.2-0.4份丙氨酸、0.8-1.2份磷酸三钙、0.18-0.23份维生素A、0.16-0.22份维生素E、0.015-0.025份小茴香、6-8份鸭血、6-8份鸡血和4-8份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60-110℃下加入浆液总质量的0.1-0.5%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45-150min得到所述诱食剂。
进一步的,所述消毒处理过程中,所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷30-45份、艾叶30-50份、白屈菜10-15份、连翘10-15份、高锰酸钾0.04-0.09份、庆大霉素0.08-0.25份、维生素B120.5-0.8份、土霉素0.2-0.6份和敌百虫0.05-0.25份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入500-700份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入300-600份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮30-65min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
进一步的,所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶10-20份、樟树皮10-20份、黄根8-15份、龙胆草5-10份和紫杉叶素0.2-1.5份。
进一步的,蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为30-32℃、湿度为75-78%,蛇蛋孵化的第11-20天,控制孵化温度为28-29℃、湿度为78-82%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为26-28.5℃、湿度为76-82%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为22-23%、二氧化碳含量为0.2-0.5%。
本发明部分原料的功效如下:
鸡蛋中的卵磷脂、甘油三脂、胆固醇、卵黄素等,对蛇的神经系统和身体发育有很大作用,鸡蛋中的蛋白质对肝脏组织损伤有修复作用。蛋黄中的卵磷脂可促进肝细胞的再生。还可提高蛇体血浆蛋白量,极大的增强滑鼠蛇自身的代谢功能和免疫功能。
虾头中含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、脂溶性维生素E和A,矿物质中的钙含量较高,甲壳质的质量分数约为18.5%。虾头的氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸质量占氨基酸总量的41%,谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等呈鲜味的氨基酸含量较高,蛋白质营养价值高,不仅能够使蛇饲料味道更鲜美,还能够极大的促进滑鼠蛇的生长发育。
蚯蚓的蛋白质含量约占干重的53.5%-65.1%,脂肪含量约为4.4%-17.38%,碳水化合物约为11%-17.4%,灰分7.8%-23%。蚯蚓体内还含有丰富的维生素D(约占鲜体重的0.04%-0.073%),以及钙和磷(约占鲜体重的0.124%-0.188%)等矿物质元素。这些营养都是滑鼠蛇生长必不可少的,起着重要的作用,如修复蛇体内组织、形成新的组织、消耗能量和参与复杂的新陈代谢过程。蚯蚓体内含有地龙素、地龙解毒素、黄嘌呤、抗组织胺和维生素B等多种药用成分,可以使蛇饲料具有清热止喘的功效。
海带的营养价值很高,富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸以及碘等多种微量元素。能够促进滑鼠蛇的生长,提高其细胞免疫能力。
黄瓜籽粉富含钾盐、维生素A、维生素E及微量元素钙、磷、铁,能促进滑鼠蛇皮肤油亮。钙是骨骼的主要成份,保持骨骼强健、体态健康,能有效补充钙质,提高吸收率,天然有效,能够促进滑鼠蛇骨骼的生长。
棉籽粉含有丰富的蛋白质和钙、磷等元素,能够促进滑鼠蛇骨骼的生长。
鱼肝油主要含有维生素A和维生素D,维生素A的主要功能是维持滑鼠蛇正常生长、生殖、视觉、上皮组织健全及抗感染免疫功能,维生素D有助于促进滑鼠蛇对钙的吸收。
葡萄糖酸钙用于治疗和预防蛇钙缺乏症,钙是蛇的骨骼、鳞片等组成的重要成分。
薄荷味辛,性凉。薄荷煎剂能抑制单纯疱疹病毒感染,薄荷有极强的杀菌抗菌作用,能预防病毒性感冒、口腔疾病。
白屈菜(学名:Chelidonium majus),性凉,味苦,有小毒;归肺、心、肾经;具有退烧解热,消炎杀菌,镇痛镇静、止咳、利尿的作用。白屈菜中的黄连碱是一种细胞毒,小檗碱可能与其抗菌、利胆等有关。总碱在体外能抑制革兰氏阳性细菌、结核杆菌、真菌等。
连翘(拉丁学名:Forsythia suspensa):苦,凉。入心、肝、胆经。连翘有广谱抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、贺氏痢疾杆菌有很强的抑制作用,对其他致病菌、流感病毒、真菌都有一定抑制作用。有抗炎作用。
诱食剂主要用于改善蛇饲料的适口性,增进蛇的食欲,提高蛇的摄食量,本发明的诱食剂以猪肝酶解物、鸭血和鸡血为主,能够保证蛇饲料的肝肉味及血腥味强度,辅助谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、磷酸三钙、维生素A、维生素E以及小茴香,能够使诱食剂营养丰富,加快肠胃蠕动,促进营养物质的吸收,进一步增强蛇饲料的适口性。其中猪肝酶解物是将鲜猪肝放入不锈钢组织匀浆机中常温粉碎匀浆通过200目获得匀浆液,并将匀浆液转移至不锈钢酶解罐,按照浆液总质量的0.2-0.3%加入木瓜蛋白酶,在40-45℃进行酶解3-12小时获得的。
小茴香,Foeniculum vulgare,主要成分是茴香油,能刺激肠胃神经血管,促进消化液分泌,增加肠胃蠕动,排除积存的气体,所以有健胃、行气的功效,有时肠胃蠕动在兴奋后又会降低,因而有助于减缓痉挛、减轻疼痛。
艾叶(学名:Artemisia argyi H.Lév.&Vaniot),性温、味苦、辛。归肝经、脾经、肾经,具有镇咳、祛痰、抑菌、镇静、抗休克等作用,现代医学研究证实,艾叶具有抗菌及抗病毒作用;艾叶在体外对炭疽杆菌、α-溶血链球菌、B-溶血链球菌、白喉杆菌、假白喉杆菌、肺类双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、柠檬色葡萄球菌、白色葡葡球菌、枯草杆菌等10种革兰氏阳性嗜气菌皆有抗菌作用。
樟树皮,味辛、苦,性温;归脾、胃、肺经;树皮含左旋-表儿茶精(epicatechin),右旋-表儿茶精,原矢车菊素(procyanidins)B1、B2、B7、C1及桂皮鞣质Ⅰ(cinnamtannin Ⅰ),还含丙酸(propionic acid),丁酸(butyric acid),戊酸(valeric acid),已酸(caproicacid),辛酸(caprylic acid),癸酸(capric acid),月桂酸(lauric acid),肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid),硬脂酸(stearic acid),油酸(oleic acid)及肉豆蔻烯酸(myristoleicacid)等,樟树皮能够避邪恶,除风湿,消毒杀虫;主治霍乱腹胀,宿食不化,皮肤瘙痒,手足风湿痹痛及疥癣瘙痒等。
黄根,味微苦;性凉;归心、肝、大肠经。用于白血病,再生障碍性贫血,牙龈出血,肝炎,尿路感染。现代医学研究证实,用稀醇回流提取的黄根制剂,对金黄色葡萄球菌、炭疽杆菌有高度抗菌作用;对乙型链球菌、肺炎链球菌、伤寒杆菌、白喉杆菌及福氏痢疾杆菌有中度抗菌作用。
龙胆草,味苦,性寒。归肝、胆经;具有清热燥湿,泻肝胆火的功效。用于治疗湿热黄疸,阴肿阴痒,湿疹瘙痒,目赤,耳聋,胁痛,口苦,惊风抽搐等。现代医学研究证实,龙胆草对根瘤细菌,大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、根癌病土壤杆菌等有作用。龙胆草水浸剂在试管内对石膏样毛癣菌星形奴卡氏菌等皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。试管法证明龙胆煎剂对绿脓杆菌,变形杆菌,伤寒杆菌,痢疾杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌等有不同程度的抑制作用。
紫杉叶素是在落叶松、花旗松等松科植物中提取出来的一种化学物质,属于生物黄酮类拟维生素P,学名二氢槲皮素。具有抗癌、抗菌、清除自由基等作用。紫杉叶素对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌和伤寒杆菌有较强的抑菌作用。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、滑鼠蛇的食物以肉类为主,所以在蛇饲料的配制中,肉类占有较大的比例;在蛇饲料中加入鸡蛋、虾头、蚯蚓和鱼肝油,以添加适量的钙、磷元素,通过食物供应,使滑鼠蛇血液中钙、磷含量达到一定的水平,同时又有足够的维生素D,骨组织就可以沉钙、磷;同时,在蛇饲料中加入海带、黄瓜籽粉、棉籽粉、葡萄糖酸钙和诱食剂,不仅能使所述蛇饲料营养丰富,满足滑鼠蛇生长所需的营养物质,而且所述诱食剂可以改善蛇饲料的适口性,使蛇饲料肉腥味浓郁、稳定,刺激滑鼠蛇的味觉,促进其摄食,从而促进滑鼠蛇的生长速度。本发明的蛇饲料具有成分搭配合理、生产制作方便、营养价值高、成本低等特点,能方便滑鼠蛇吸收营养,实现滑鼠蛇的快速生长,降低了养蛇的难度、蛇的成活率高,生长速度快,出栏的时间短,降低了人工管理的强度,能够进行大规模养殖,提高了收益。
2、本发明滑鼠蛇的养殖方法中,将蛇蛋用适量浓度的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡,可以起到消菌消毒的作用,防止细菌滋生对孵化造成影响,降低蛇蛋被病菌侵蚀死亡的几率。控制蛇蛋孵化环境的至最佳参数,可以提高胚胎的活力与抗性,使滑鼠蛇的人工孵化率平均达到88%以上。幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的2-3个月内灌喂液体饲料以促进幼蛇的生长发育;此后,根据滑鼠蛇的体重喂以专门配制的蛇饲料,能改善滑鼠蛇的肉质、提升营养价值,促进其生长。滑鼠蛇的消毒处理分为对蛇体本身的杀菌消毒以及对蛇的居住环境蛇房进行杀菌消毒,首先将滑鼠蛇放入药液中进行清洗消毒,能起到防治疾病,增强滑鼠蛇的体质,提高滑鼠蛇的存活率以及促进滑鼠蛇生长的作用,清洗消毒使用的药液,以薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜、连翘主药,使药液具有较强的杀菌抗菌作用,辅助加入高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,能进一步提高药液杀菌消炎的作用,减短消毒时间,能更快速有效的杀灭滑鼠蛇身上的细菌和寄生虫,进而降低滑鼠蛇的患病率,使滑鼠蛇健康成长。其次,采用熏蒸的方式对蛇房进行消毒,可以杀死蛇房内空气中和各物体表面的病毒和细菌,预防和控制传染病的传播,提高滑鼠蛇的成活率。本发明熏蒸采用的消毒熏蒸剂具有广谱杀菌性,杀菌能力强,使用安全,无任何副作用,以艾叶、樟树皮、黄根和龙胆草为主,对生物细菌和病毒的杀灭作用强,辅助加入紫杉叶素,以进一步增强消毒熏蒸剂杀菌抑菌的作用,使消毒熏蒸剂作用速度快,稳定性好。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛇房的建造:蛇房地面为不透水地板,在地板上铺一层1cm的沙子,蛇房中设有立体式养蛇箱组。
(2)蛇蛋孵化:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.01%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡2min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为30℃、湿度为75%,蛇蛋孵化的第11-20天,控制孵化温度为28℃、湿度为78%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为26℃、湿度为76%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为22%、二氧化碳含量为0.2%。
(3)所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的2个月内灌喂液体饲料,每2天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液2份、牛奶6份、鱼肝油1份、水10份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔5天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉30份、鸭肉10份、猪肉2份、鼠肉0.5份、蛙肉15份、奶粉2份、鸡蛋10份、虾头4份、蚯蚓3份、海带2份、黄瓜籽粉0.1份、棉籽粉2份、鱼肝油2份、葡萄糖酸钙0.5份、诱食剂0.1份和水10份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量为常规投喂量,且随着滑鼠蛇体重的增长而增加。
所述诱食剂为将10份猪肝酶解物、0.1份谷氨酸、0.1份甘氨酸、0.1份丙氨酸、0.5份磷酸三钙、0.15份维生素A、0.15份维生素E、0.01份小茴香、5份鸭血、5份鸡血和2份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60℃下加入浆液总质量的0.1%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45min得到所述诱食剂。
(4)消毒处理:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为4min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔5天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷30份、艾叶30份、白屈菜10份、连翘10份、高锰酸钾0.04份、庆大霉素0.08份、维生素B120.5份、土霉素0.2份和敌百虫0.05份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入500份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入300份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮30min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶10份、樟树皮10份、黄根8份、龙胆草5份和紫杉叶素0.2份。
实施例2
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛇房的建造:蛇房地面为不透水地板,在地板上铺一层3cm的沙子,蛇房中设有立体式养蛇箱组。
(2)蛇蛋孵化:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.05%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡6min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为32℃、湿度为78%,蛇蛋孵化的第11-20天,控制孵化温度为29℃、湿度为82%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为28.5℃、湿度为82%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为23%、二氧化碳含量为0.5%。
(3)所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的3个月内灌喂液体饲料,每4天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液5份、牛奶10份、鱼肝油4份、水20份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔10天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉50份、鸭肉25份、猪肉8份、鼠肉1.5份、蛙肉25份、奶粉5份、鸡蛋25份、虾头8份、蚯蚓8份、海带7份、黄瓜籽粉0.3份、棉籽粉6份、鱼肝油7份、葡萄糖酸钙2份、诱食剂0.5份和水15份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量为常规投喂量,且随着滑鼠蛇体重的增长而增加。
所述诱食剂为将15份猪肝酶解物、0.5份谷氨酸、0.5份甘氨酸、0.5份丙氨酸、1.5份磷酸三钙、0.25份维生素A、0.25份维生素E、0.03份小茴香、10份鸭血、10份鸡血和10份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60-110℃下加入浆液总质量的0.5%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45-150min得到所述诱食剂。
(4)消毒处理:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为7min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔7天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷45份、艾叶50份、白屈菜15份、连翘15份、高锰酸钾0.09份、庆大霉素0.25份、维生素B120.8份、土霉素0.6份和敌百虫0.25份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入700份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入600份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮65min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶20份、樟树皮20份、黄根15份、龙胆草10份和紫杉叶素1.5份。
实施例3
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛇房的建造:蛇房地面为不透水地板,在地板上铺一层1cm的沙子,蛇房中设有立体式养蛇箱组。
(2)蛇蛋孵化:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.02%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡3min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为31℃、湿度为75%,蛇蛋孵化的第11-20天,控制孵化温度为28℃、湿度为78%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为26℃、湿度为76%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为22%、二氧化碳含量为0.2%。
(3)所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的2个月内灌喂液体饲料,每2天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液2份、牛奶6份、鱼肝油1份、水10份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔5天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉35份、鸭肉15份、猪肉3份、鼠肉0.8份、蛙肉18份、鸡蛋15份、虾头5份、蚯蚓4份、海带3份、黄瓜籽粉0.15份、棉籽粉3份、鱼肝油3份、葡萄糖酸钙0.8份、诱食剂0.2份和水11份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量为常规投喂量,且随着滑鼠蛇体重的增长而增加。
所述诱食剂为将11份猪肝酶解物、0.2份谷氨酸、0.2份甘氨酸、0.2份丙氨酸、0.8份磷酸三钙、0.18份维生素A、0.16份维生素E、0.015份小茴香、6份鸭血、6份鸡血和4份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60℃下加入浆液总质量的0.1%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45min得到所述诱食剂。
(4)消毒处理:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为4min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔5天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷35份、艾叶35份、白屈菜11份、连翘11份、高锰酸钾0.05份、庆大霉素0.1份、维生素B120.6份、土霉素0.3份和敌百虫0.1份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入550份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入400份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮35min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶12份、樟树皮12份、黄根9份、龙胆草6份和紫杉叶素0.5份。
实施例4
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛇房的建造:蛇房地面为不透水地板,在地板上铺一层3cm的沙子,蛇房中设有立体式养蛇箱组。
(2)蛇蛋孵化:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.05%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡6min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为32℃、湿度为78%,蛇蛋孵化的第20天,控制孵化温度为29℃、湿度为82%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为28.5℃、湿度为82%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为23%、二氧化碳含量为0.5%。
(3)所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的3个月内灌喂液体饲料,每4天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液5份、牛奶10份、鱼肝油4份、水20份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔10天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉45份、鸭肉20份、猪肉7份、鼠肉1.25份、蛙肉22份、鸡蛋20份、虾头7份、蚯蚓7份、海带6份、黄瓜籽粉0.25份、棉籽粉5份、鱼肝油6份、葡萄糖酸钙1.5份、诱食剂0.4份和水14份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量为常规投喂量,且随着滑鼠蛇体重的增长而增加。
所述诱食剂为将14份猪肝酶解物、0.4份谷氨酸、0.3份甘氨酸、0.4份丙氨酸、1.2份磷酸三钙、0.23份维生素A、0.22份维生素E、0.025份小茴香、8份鸭血、8份鸡血和8份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在110℃下加入浆液总质量的0.5%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解150min得到所述诱食剂。
(4)消毒处理:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为7min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔7天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷40份、艾叶45份、白屈菜14份、连翘14份、高锰酸钾0.08份、庆大霉素0.2份、维生素B120.7份、土霉素0.5份和敌百虫0.2份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入650份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入550份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮60min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶18份、樟树皮18份、黄根13份、龙胆草9份和紫杉叶素1.2份。
实施例5
一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛇房的建造:蛇房地面为不透水地板,在地板上铺一层2cm的沙子,蛇房中设有立体式养蛇箱组。
(2)蛇蛋孵化:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.03%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡4min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为31℃、湿度为76%,蛇蛋孵化的第11-20天,控制孵化温度为28.5℃、湿度为80%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为28℃、湿度为81%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为22.5%、二氧化碳含量为0.4%。
(3)所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的3个月内灌喂液体饲料,每3天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液4份、牛奶7份、鱼肝油2份、水15份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔8天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉40份、鸭肉18份、猪肉4份、鼠肉0.9份、蛙肉20份、鸡蛋18份、虾头6份、蚯蚓5份、海带4份、黄瓜籽粉0.2份、棉籽粉4份、鱼肝油4份、葡萄糖酸钙1份、诱食剂0.3份和水12份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量为常规投喂量,且随着滑鼠蛇体重的增长而增加。
所述诱食剂为将12份猪肝酶解物、0.3份谷氨酸、0.25份甘氨酸、0.3份丙氨酸、0.9份磷酸三钙、0.2份维生素A、0.2份维生素E、0.02份小茴香、7份鸭血、7份鸡血和5份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在100℃下加入浆液总质量的0.4%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解80min得到所述诱食剂。
(4)消毒处理:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为5min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔6天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷38份、艾叶40份、白屈菜13份、连翘13份、高锰酸钾0.06份、庆大霉素0.15份、维生素B120.65份、土霉素0.4份和敌百虫0.15份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入600份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入450份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮50min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶15份、樟树皮15份、黄根12份、龙胆草8份和紫杉叶素0.8份。
滑鼠蛇的养殖过程中还需要做好越冬与过夏、卫生与安全等一些常规的管理,其中,滑鼠蛇的冬眠期到来之前,加大蛇饲料的供给量;冬眠时,控制蛇房内的温度为10-15℃,相对湿度为78-82%。
申请人选择健康无病的600个蛇蛋平均分成6组,第1至第5组为分别采用本发明实施例1-5的养殖方法进行养殖,第6组为采用采用普通的人工养殖方法的对照组,出栏后分别测定滑鼠蛇的孵化率、成活率以及平均体重,下表1为本发明实施例与对照组的统计对比数据:
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对照组 | |
孵化率(%) | 94 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 69 |
成活率(%) | 91 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 63 |
患病率(%) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 |
平均体重(斤) | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 5.2 |
通过表1可知,采用本发明实施例1-5所列的方法养殖滑鼠蛇与对照组相比,本发明滑鼠蛇的孵化率从69%提高到了94%;成活率从63%提高到了91%;患病率从11%下降到1%;体重从5.2斤增加到了7.2斤g。可见本发明实施例的养殖方法可以有效提高滑鼠蛇的孵化率和成活率,降低患病率,本发明的蛇饲料可提高滑鼠蛇的摄食量,促进体重的增加。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,包括常规蛇房的建造、蛇蛋孵化以及蛇的饲养;其特征在于:
所述蛇蛋孵化具体操作为:将蛇蛋放入质量浓度为0.01-0.05%的高锰酸钾溶液中浸泡2-6min,然后取出用清水冲洗干净,擦净表面水分后放入孵化箱内进行孵化;
所述蛇的饲养的过程为:在幼蛇第一次蜕皮后的2-3个月内灌喂液体饲料,每2-4天灌喂一次,所述液体饲料为将蛋液2-5份、牛奶6-10份、鱼肝油1-4份、水10-20份经混合搅拌后制成;此后每隔5-10天投喂蛇饲料,所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉30-50份、鸭肉10-25份、猪肉2-8份、鼠肉0.5-1.5份、蛙肉15-25份、奶粉2-5份、鸡蛋10-25份、虾头4-8份、蚯蚓3-8份、海带2-7份、黄瓜籽粉0.1-0.3份、棉籽粉2-6份、鱼肝油2-7份、葡萄糖酸钙0.5-2份、诱食剂0.1-0.5份和水10-15份经混合搅拌后制成,投喂量随着体重的增长而增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述蛇的饲养过程中还包括消毒处理,所述消毒处理过程为:将滑鼠蛇装入网袋内,然后放入药液中进行清洗消毒,清洗消毒时间为4-7min,再用清水冲洗干净,并且每隔5-7天用熏蒸剂对蛇房进行熏蒸消毒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述蛇饲料为将鸡肉35-45份、鸭肉15-20份、猪肉3-7份、鼠肉0.8-1.25份、蛙肉18-22份、鸡蛋15-20份、虾头5-7份、蚯蚓4-7份、海带3-6份、黄瓜籽粉0.15-0.25份、棉籽粉3-5份、鱼肝油3-6份、葡萄糖酸钙0.8-1.5份、诱食剂0.2-0.4份和水11-14份经混合搅拌后制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述诱食剂为将10-15份猪肝酶解物、0.1-0.5份谷氨酸、0.1-0.5份甘氨酸、0.1-0.5份丙氨酸、0.5-1.5份磷酸三钙、0.15-0.25份维生素A、0.15-0.25份维生素E、0.01-0.03份小茴香、5-10份鸭血、5-10份鸡血和2-10份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60-110℃下加入浆液总质量的0.1-0.5%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45-150min得到所述诱食剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述诱食剂为将11-14份猪肝酶解物、0.2-0.4份谷氨酸、0.2-0.3份甘氨酸、0.2-0.4份丙氨酸、0.8-1.2份磷酸三钙、0.18-0.23份维生素A、0.16-0.22份维生素E、0.015-0.025份小茴香、6-8份鸭血、6-8份鸡血和4-8份水搅拌均匀得浆液,并在60-110℃下加入浆液总质量的0.1-0.5%的酵母蛋白酶酶解酶解45-150min得到所述诱食剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述消毒处理过程中,所述药液的制备方法为:按重量份称取薄荷30-45份、艾叶30-50份、白屈菜10-15份、连翘10-15份、高锰酸钾0.04-0.09份、庆大霉素0.08-0.25份、维生素B120.5-0.8份、土霉素0.2-0.6份和敌百虫0.05-0.25份;然后取薄荷、艾叶、白屈菜和连翘,加入500-700份的水煎煮第一次后,得药渣和药液,将煎液倒出,再向药渣中加入300-600份的水煎煮第二次,每次煎煮30-65min,将两次煎煮得到的煎液合并冷却至室温,再加入所述高锰酸钾、庆大霉素、维生素B12、土霉素和敌百虫,混合均匀即得到清洗消毒使用的药液。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述熏蒸剂主要由如下重量份的原料制得:艾叶10-20份、樟树皮10-20份、黄根8-15份、龙胆草5-10份和紫杉叶素0.2-1.5份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种滑鼠蛇的养殖方法,其特征在于:蛇蛋孵化的第1-10天,控制孵化温度为30-32℃、湿度为75-78%,蛇蛋孵化的第11-20天,控制孵化温度为28-29℃、湿度为78-82%,第21天后,控制孵化温度为26-28.5℃、湿度为76-82%,整个孵化期间控制空气的氧含量为22-23%、二氧化碳含量为0.2-0.5%。
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