CN107147483B - A kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating method based on pilot frequency design modulation - Google Patents

A kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating method based on pilot frequency design modulation Download PDF

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CN107147483B
CN107147483B CN201710474652.2A CN201710474652A CN107147483B CN 107147483 B CN107147483 B CN 107147483B CN 201710474652 A CN201710474652 A CN 201710474652A CN 107147483 B CN107147483 B CN 107147483B
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frequency
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CN107147483A (en
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杨杰
郭万曹
但黎琳
王鹏飞
苑杰
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals

Abstract

The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields by DJ3251-04, are related to a kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating method based on pilot frequency design modulation.This method is directed to the existing pilot settings problem based on SIM-OFDM communication means, a kind of simple pilot tone is proposed to use and laying method, it is inserted on silent subcarriers by transmitting terminal and pilot set on corresponding ZC sequence pilot frequency position has been set, the position detection where pilot tone is come out by special detection method in receiving end, and it combines and receives signal and pilot frequency sequence completion channel estimation, the advantage of this method is that both having remained the advantage of SIM-OFDM system itself, the ZC sequence pilot frequency that can use any power ratio again reduces PAPR, channel estimation is carried out simultaneously, and guarantee final BER performance.

Description

A kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating method based on pilot frequency design modulation
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to sub-carrier indices modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Subcarrier Index Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, SIM- OFDM) the communication means based on pilot frequency design modulation in system.
Background technique
Ofdm system the data flow of high speed by serial/parallel transformation, is converted into several as a kind of multi-carrier modulation Parallel low rate data streams, the different sub-carrier for being mapped to OFDM symbol are transmitted.Since the modulation and demodulation of OFDM can be with It is realized with FFT and IFFT, so that technology one of of the OFDM as key, during being widely used in B3G/4G evolution.
But ofdm system, while lifting system performance higher, there is also several important defects, such as to frequency Rate offset and the influence of phase noise are very sensitive, the performance extreme degradation there are frequency shift (FS) and phase noise； Peak-to-average force ratio (PAPR) is higher, reduces the power efficiency of radio frequency amplifier；And in order to eliminate intersymbol interference (ISI) and what is introduced follow It is many that ring prefix (CP) reduces the availability of frequency spectrum.
Recently, a kind of new multi-carrier communication mode --- (Subcarrier Index is modulated based on sub-carrier indices Modulation, SIM) ofdm system be suggested.For SIM-OFDM system, in addition to increase SIM modulation module with Outside, other the step of and traditional ofdm system there is no any differences.Wherein, most crucial SIM modulation module uses son The thought of carrier wave piecemeal.Entire multicarrier is continuously divided into the identical multiple sub-blocks of size first, passes through rope in each sub-block Draw bit select wherein several subcarriers (referred to as activation subcarrier) send data, and remaining subcarrier is not sent Data (referred to as silent subcarriers).Since index bit itself is not sent, but lie in the position letter of activation subcarrier In breath, so index bit and being not take up frequency spectrum resource.In receiving end, by activating the position of subcarrier to be obtained with rope Draw the information of bit.
Relative to conventional OFDM systems, SIM-OFDM system counter inter-sub-carrier interference performance is more preferable, the bit error rate is lower, leads to It crosses and selects different power distribution strategies that can also save transmitter energy.The disadvantage is that due to by the way of piecemeal, SIM- Ofdm system is inserted into pilot tone on fixed position simply to complete channel estimation without the same in image of Buddha ofdm system.SIM- In ofdm system, if pilot tone is inserted into the fixation position in each piece, and waste frequency spectrum resource can be led to the problem of, and do not conform to Appropriate to the occasion pilot tone type and inserted mode results even in bigger system peak-to-average ratio, and then reduces the performance of system, loses it The advantage of itself.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the existing SIM-OFDM communication means technical problem based on pilot tone, proposes a kind of pilot frequency design tune The multicarrier system communication means of system had both reduced system transmitting terminal using the characteristic of ZC (Zadoff-chu) sequence pilot frequency PAPR, remains the advantage of SIM-OFDM system itself, and can use ZC sequence pilot frequency and carry out channel estimation.
The technical scheme is that a kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating method based on pilot frequency design modulation, sets institute In the SIM-OFDM system stated, subcarrier total number is N, and the subcarrier number of each sub-block is n, then a total of g=N/n son Block, and randomly choose wherein k subcarrier in each sub-block and send data；According to SIM-OFDM system modulation bit stream and index The generation mechanism of bit stream has: the modulation bit number of a frame SIM-OFDM symbol transmission is gklog2(M), index bit number ForThen there is the total bit number to beIt is characterized in that, the communication party Method, comprising:
Transmitting terminal:
S1, setting ZC sequence pilot frequency signal are as follows:
P=[P0,P1…Pi,…,PN-1]
Wherein, Pi=exp (j*2* π * (i+1)2/ (2*N)), j indicates imaginary unit, and i indicates pilot tone position, 0≤i ≤N-1；
S2, carrier index modulation:
For each sub-block, sim module first extracts corresponding index bit and modulation bit, and then modulation bit passes through M- QAM modulation obtains the constellation point symbol to be sent, and activates in the block k subcarrier according to index bit finally to send constellation Point symbol, remaining n-k subcarrier do not send out data, finally obtain frequency domain signal X；
S3, insertion pilot tone and power normalization, as shown in Figure 2:
The pilot tone P on ZC sequence pilot frequency corresponding position is added on n-k silent subcarriers position in step s 2i, together When be arranged data-signal and pilot signal power ratio α, obtain signal set after power normalizationWherein αs、αp For the ratio after power distribution,It is the pilot set that ZC sequence pilot frequency is corresponded on silent subcarriers position after power distribution It closes；
S4, the frequency-region signal set that will be obtained in step S3It converts to obtain time-domain signal α through IFFTsx+αpp And it sends；
Receiving end:
S5, the judgement of first time pilot frequency locations:
Frequency-domain received signal Y carries out piecemeal using mode identical with transmitting terminal, obtains g=N/n sub-block, each sub-block In contain n subcarrier；After piecemeal, to each piece of progress energy measuring, it is believed that n-k son of minimum energy in each sub-block The pilot data after channel is placed on carrier positionThe collection of these positions is combined into pilot frequency locations set L1；By Pilot frequency locations set L1It can get the frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locationsp1；
S6, initial channel estimation:
By frequency-domain received signal Yp1, pilot dataWith pilot frequency locations set L1It carries out channel estimation and obtains channel estimation valueChannel estimation methods include Linear least square estimation and Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation；
S7, second of pilot frequency locations judgement:
The channel estimation value obtained using step S6Equilibrium treatment is carried out to frequency-domain received signal Y and is equalized signalEqually, to equalizing signalPiecemeal is carried out using mode identical with transmitting terminal, obtains g=N/n sub-block, in each piece Contain n subcarrier；
After piecemeal, each sub-block is detected, detection method are as follows: the balanced letter in each sub-block on n subcarrier NumberData pilot data corresponding with current blockCarry out Euclidean distance dcComparison:
Wherein, r indicates r-th piece, and c indicates c-th of subcarrier in r-th piece, it is believed that Euclidean distance dcThe smallest n-k The equalizing signal placed in a sub-carrier positionsData be pilot data after channelThe set of these positions For pilot frequency locations set L2, by pilot frequency locations set L2It can get the frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locationsp2；
S8, channel estimation is updated:
By frequency-domain received signal Yp2, pilot dataThe pilot frequency locations set L obtained with step S72Channel estimation is carried out, Obtain updated channel estimation value
The invention has the benefit that being directed to the existing pilot settings problem based on SIM-OFDM communication means, propose A kind of simple pilot tone uses and laying method, is inserted on silent subcarriers by transmitting terminal and corresponding ZC sequence pilot frequency has been arranged Pilot set on position is come out the position detection where pilot tone by special detection method in receiving end, and is combined and received Signal and pilot frequency sequence complete channel estimation, the advantage of this method is that the advantage of SIM-OFDM system itself had both been remained, The ZC sequence pilot frequency that can use any power ratio again reduces PAPR, while carrying out channel estimation, and guarantee final BER Energy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is traditional SIM-OFDM system block diagram；
Fig. 2 is that the ZC sequence pilot frequency proposed in the present invention places schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the technical schemes of the invention are described in detail:
Embodiment
Below with (n, k)=(2,1), total subcarrier number N=1024, cyclic prefix CP=64, modulation symbol use QPSK (4-QAM), using ZF for balanced, LMMSE channel estimation:
Transmitting terminal:
Step 1-1: the parameter of the determination system to be selected determines that subcarrier number N=1024, the son of each sub-block are carried Wave number n=2 activates how many subcarrier number k=1 in sub-block, sub-block the number g=N/n=512, order of modulation M=4 being divided into. Then it is calculated from the formula the amount of bits of a frame.The index bit length for wherein any one sub-block are as follows: It indicates to be rounded downwards, then a shared m for the index ofdm system of a frame1=p1G=512 Index bit；Sending 4-QAM modulation symbol to the subcarrier of activation can send for the system of (n, k)=(2,1) The modulation bit number of one frame are as follows: m2=gp2=gk log2M=1024, the then total bit number m=m of a frame1+m2=1536.It will This frame data is divided into two groups, and one group is index bit, and for selecting subcarrier to send data, one group is modulation bit, for adjusting It makes in the subcarrier in being activated and sends.
Step 1-2: setting ZC sequence pilot frequency signal: P=[P0,P1…Pi,…,PN-1], wherein Pi=exp (j*2* π * (i+ 1)2/ (2*N)), j indicates imaginary unit, and i indicates pilot tone position.
Step 2-1: carrier index (SIM) modulation.Specific modulation criterion are as follows: N number of subcarrier is divided into g=N/n sub-block, Each sub-block contains n subcarrier.For each sub-block, sim module first extracts corresponding index bit and modulation bit, Then modulation bit modulates to obtain the constellation point symbol to be sent by M-QAM, and k in the block is finally activated according to index bit A subcarrier sends constellation point symbol, and remaining n-k subcarrier do not send out data.Finally obtain frequency domain signal X.
Step 2-2: insertion pilot tone and power normalization.ZC sequence is added on n-k silent subcarriers position in step 2-1 Pilot tone P on column pilot tone corresponding positioni, while the power ratio α of data-signal and pilot signal is set, after obtaining power normalization Signal setWherein αs、αpFor the ratio after power distribution,It is that ZC sequence is corresponded on silent subcarriers position Pilot set of the pilot tone after power distribution.It is detailed in attached drawing 2.
Step 2-3: by frequency-region signalIt converts to obtain time-domain signal α through IFFTsx+αpP is simultaneously sent.
Receiving end:
Step 3-1: first time pilot frequency locations judgement.Frequency-domain received signal Y is divided using mode identical with transmitting terminal Block obtains g=512 sub-block, contains n=2 subcarrier in each piece.After piecemeal, energy inspection is carried out one by one to each piece Survey ej=| Yi,j|, wherein i indicates i-th piece, and j indicates j-th of subcarrier in i-th piece, it is believed that minimum energy in each piece N-k=1 sub-carrier positions on the data (data of frequency-domain received signal Y) placed be pilot data after channelThe set of these positions is denoted as pilot frequency locations set L1.By L1It can get the frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locationsp1。
Step 3-2: initial channel estimation.By frequency-domain received signal Yp1, low energy pilot dataWith pilot frequency locations collection Close L1It carries out LMMSE channel estimation and obtains channel estimation value
The judgement of 3-3: second pilot frequency locations of step.The channel estimation value obtained using step 3-2Frequency domain is received and is believed Number Y carries out ZF equilibrium and is equalized signalEqually, to equalizing signalDivided using mode identical with transmitting terminal Block obtains g=512 sub-block, contains n=2 subcarrier in each sub-block.After piecemeal, each sub-block is examined one by one It surveys.Detection method are as follows: the data pilot data corresponding with the block in each piece on n subcarrierCarry out Euclidean distance dc's Compare:Wherein r indicates r-th piece, and c indicates c-th of subcarrier in r-th piece, it is believed that European Distance dcData (the equalizing signal placed in the smallest n-k=1 sub-carrier positionsData) be after channel Pilot dataThe set of these positions is denoted as pilot frequency locations set L2.By L2It can get the frequency domain at pilot frequency locations and receive letter Number Yp2。
Step 3-4: channel estimation is updated.By the frequency-domain received signal Y of pilot frequency locationsp2, low energy pilot data The pilot frequency locations set L obtained with step 3-32LMMSE channel estimation is carried out, updated channel estimation value is obtained
If at this time, it is believed that 2 pilot frequency locations judgements are not able to satisfy the performance requirement of systemic presupposition, even pilot frequency locations set L2Accuracy be less than preset threshold, then step 2-2 and 2-3 are repeated, until current pilot location sets L2Accuracy it is small It is greater than or equal to preset threshold in preset threshold.
Based on the finally obtained channel estimation value of the present inventionThe solution adjusting data to frequency-domain received signal Y can be obtained, below It is detected with ML and sketches its demodulating process:
ML in one block detects space (standard point vector):
Frequency-domain received signal Y and channel estimation valuePiecemeal is carried out using mode identical with transmitting terminal, obtains g=512 A sub-block contains n=2 subcarrier in each piece.ML detection is carried out to each sub-block, calculates each sub-block vector YiWith standard Point vector D and block of channels vectorThe Euclidean distance of product entirety, wherein i indicates i-th of sub-block vector.Standard point vector D packet Containing n=2 data, by after energy distributes k=1 modulation symbol and n-k=1 frequency pilot sign form, possible group (symbol j indicates imaginary unit in table as shown above for conjunction.).Every kind of combination and specific index bit vector I and modulation symbol Vector Q is corresponding, uses DIQIt indicates.According to formulaThe smallest one group of Euclidean distance is chosen as hair Set of symbols is sent, to find index bit vector I and modulation symbol vector Q, symbolic solution is modulated to modulation symbol vector Q and is reflected It penetrates to obtain modulation bit.
The invention proposes a kind of multicarrier system transmitting device of pilot frequency design modulation, the major embodiment the advantages of device : for the existing pilot settings problem based on SIM-OFDM communication means, propose a kind of simple pilot tone use and placement Method.The advantage of this method is that not only having remained the advantage of SIM-OFDM system itself, but also it can use the ZC of any power ratio Sequence pilot frequency reduces PAPR, while carrying out channel estimation, and guarantee final BER performance.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating method based on pilot frequency design modulation, sets in the SIM-OFDM system, son Carrier wave total number is N, and the subcarrier number of each sub-block is n, then a total of g=N/n sub-block, and is selected at random in each sub-block It selects wherein k subcarrier and sends data；Had according to the generation mechanism of SIM-OFDM system modulation bit stream and index bit stream: one The modulation bit number of frame SIM-OFDM symbol transmission is gklog2(M), index bit number isThen have total Bit number isIt is characterized in that, the communication means, comprising:
Transmitting terminal:
S1, setting ZC sequence pilot frequency signal are as follows:
P=[P0,P1…Pi,…,PN-1]
Wherein, Pi=exp (j*2* π * (i+1)2/ (2*N)), j indicates imaginary unit, and i indicates pilot tone position, 0≤i≤N- 1；
S2, carrier index modulation:
For each sub-block, sim module first extracts corresponding index bit and modulation bit, and then modulation bit passes through M-QAM Modulation obtains the constellation point symbol to be sent, and activates in the block k subcarrier according to index bit finally to send constellation point Symbol, remaining n-k subcarrier do not send out data, finally obtain frequency domain signal X；
S3, insertion pilot tone and power normalization:
The pilot tone P on ZC sequence pilot frequency corresponding position is added on n-k silent subcarriers position in step s 2i, it is arranged simultaneously The power ratio α of data-signal and pilot signal, obtains signal set after power normalizationWherein αs、αpFor power Ratio after distribution,It is the pilot set that ZC sequence pilot frequency is corresponded on silent subcarriers position after power distribution；
S4, the frequency-region signal set that will be obtained in step S3It converts to obtain time-domain signal α through IFFTsx+αpP is concurrent It send；
Receiving end:
S5, the judgement of first time pilot frequency locations:
Frequency-domain received signal Y carries out piecemeal using mode identical with transmitting terminal, obtains g=N/n sub-block, contains in each sub-block There is n subcarrier；After piecemeal, to each piece of progress energy measuring, it is believed that n-k subcarrier of minimum energy in each sub-block The pilot data after channel is placed on positionThe collection of these positions is combined into pilot frequency locations set L1；By pilot tone Location sets L1It can get the frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locationsp1；
S6, initial channel estimation:
By frequency-domain received signal Yp1, pilot dataWith pilot frequency locations set L1It carries out channel estimation and obtains channel estimation value Channel estimation methods include Linear least square estimation and Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation；
S7, second of pilot frequency locations judgement:
The channel estimation value obtained using step S6Equilibrium treatment is carried out to frequency-domain received signal Y and is equalized signalTogether Sample, to equalizing signalPiecemeal is carried out using mode identical with transmitting terminal, g=N/n sub-block is obtained, contains n in each piece A subcarrier；
After piecemeal, each sub-block is detected, detection method are as follows: the equalizing signal in each sub-block on n subcarrier Data pilot data corresponding with current blockCarry out Euclidean distance dcComparison:
Wherein, r indicates r-th piece, and c indicates c-th of subcarrier in r-th piece, it is believed that Euclidean distance dcThe smallest n-k son The equalizing signal placed on carrier positionData be pilot data after channelThe collection of these positions is combined into Pilot frequency locations set L2, by pilot frequency locations set L2It can get the frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locationsp2；
S8, channel estimation is updated:
By frequency-domain received signal Yp2, pilot dataThe pilot frequency locations set L obtained with step S72Channel estimation is carried out, is obtained Updated channel estimation value
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CN108900291B (en) * 2018-06-28 2020-10-02 电子科技大学 Data-pilot frequency pattern joint index modulation method for SIM-OFDM system
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CN110391891B (en) * 2019-07-09 2020-10-30 中国地质大学（武汉） OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) implementation method and system based on two-stage index modulation
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