CN107147483A - A kind of SIM ofdm system communication means modulated based on pilot frequency design - Google Patents

A kind of SIM ofdm system communication means modulated based on pilot frequency design Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107147483A
CN107147483A CN201710474652.2A CN201710474652A CN107147483A CN 107147483 A CN107147483 A CN 107147483A CN 201710474652 A CN201710474652 A CN 201710474652A CN 107147483 A CN107147483 A CN 107147483A
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pilot
block
frequency
sub
subcarrier
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CN107147483B (en
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杨杰
郭万曹
但黎琳
王鹏飞
苑杰
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals

Abstract

The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, it is related to a kind of SIM ofdm system communication means modulated based on pilot frequency design.This method is directed to the existing pilot settings problem based on SIM ofdm communication methods, a kind of simple pilot tone is proposed to use and laying method, inserted by transmitting terminal on silent subcarriers and pilot set on correspondence ZC sequence pilot frequencies position has been set, the position where pilot tone is detected by special detection method in receiving terminal, and combine reception signal and pilot frequency sequence completion channel estimation, the advantage of this method is both to remain the advantage of SIM ofdm systems in itself, PAPR can be reduced using the ZC sequence pilot frequencies of any power ratio again, channel estimation is carried out simultaneously, and ensure final BER performances.

Description

A kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating methods modulated based on pilot frequency design
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, and in particular to sub-carrier indices modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Subcarrier Index Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, SIM- OFDM) the communication means modulated in system based on pilot frequency design.
Background technology
Ofdm system the data flow of high speed by serial/parallel conversion, is converted into some as a kind of multi-carrier modulation Parallel low rate data streams, the different sub-carrier for being mapped to OFDM symbol is transmitted.Because OFDM modulation and demodulation can be with Realized with FFT and IFFT so that OFDM is as one of crucial technology, during being widely used in B3G/4G evolution.
But ofdm system is while lifting system performance higher, there is also several important defects, such as to frequency Rate is offset and the influence of phase noise is very sensitive, the performance extreme degradation in the case where there is frequency shift (FS) and phase noise； Peak-to-average force ratio (PAPR) is higher, reduces the power efficiency of radio frequency amplifier；And what is introduced to eliminate intersymbol interference (ISI) follows Ring prefix (CP) is such that availability of frequency spectrum reduction is many.
Recently, a kind of new multi-carrier communication mode --- modulate (Subcarrier Index based on sub-carrier indices Modulation, SIM) ofdm system be suggested.For SIM-OFDM systems, except add SIM modulation modules with Outside, other the step of and traditional ofdm system do not have any difference.Wherein, most crucial SIM modulation modules employ son The thought of carrier wave piecemeal.Whole multicarrier is continuously divided into the multiple sub-blocks of size identical, each sub-block first and passes through rope Draw bit to select wherein several subcarriers (referred to as activating subcarrier) to send data, and remaining subcarrier is not sent Data (are referred to as silent subcarriers).Because index bit is not sent in itself, but lie in the position letter of activation subcarrier In breath, so index bit and being not take up frequency spectrum resource.In receiving terminal, rope is obtained with by the position for activating subcarrier Draw the information of bit.
Relative to conventional OFDM systems, SIM-OFDM system counter inter-sub-carrier interferences performance is more preferable, the bit error rate is lower, leads to Cross and select different power distribution strategies to save transmitter energy.Have the disadvantage the mode as a result of piecemeal, SIM- Ofdm system simply inserts pilot tone to complete channel estimation without the same in image of Buddha ofdm system on fixed position.SIM- In ofdm system, if the fixed position insertion pilot tone in each piece, the problem of waste frequency spectrum resource can be produced again, and do not conform to Appropriate to the occasion pilot tone species results even in bigger system peak-to-average ratio with inserted mode, and then reduces the performance of system, loses it The advantage of itself.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the existing SIM-OFDM communication means technical problems based on pilot tone, it is proposed that a kind of pilot frequency design is adjusted The multicarrier system communication means of system, using the characteristic of ZC (Zadoff-chu) sequence pilot frequency, had both reduced system transmitting terminal PAPR, remains the advantage of SIM-OFDM systems in itself, can carry out channel estimation using ZC sequence pilot frequencies again.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating methods modulated based on pilot frequency design, set institute In the SIM-OFDM systems stated, subcarrier total number is N, and the subcarrier number of each sub-block is n, then a total of g=N/n son Wherein k subcarrier, which is randomly choosed, in block, and each sub-block sends data；According to SIM-OFDM system information bit streams and index The generation mechanism of bit stream has：The information bit of one frame SIM-OFDM symbol transmissions is gklog2(M), index bit number ForThen there is the total bit number to beCharacterized in that, described communication party Method, including：
Transmitting terminal：
S1, setting ZC sequence pilot frequency signals are：
P=[P0,P1…Pi,…,PN-1]
Wherein, Pi=exp (j*2* π * (i+1)2/ (2*N)), j represents imaginary unit, and i represents pilot tone position；
S2, carrier index modulation：
For each sub-block, sim module first extracts corresponding index bit and modulation bit, and then modulation bit passes through M- QAM modulation obtains the constellation point symbol to be sent, and k subcarrier is activated in the block finally according to index bit to send constellation Point symbol, remaining n-k subcarrier does not send out data, finally obtains frequency domain signal X；
S3, insertion pilot tone and power normalization, as shown in Figure 2：
The pilot tone P added on n-k silent subcarriers position in step s 2 on ZC sequence pilot frequency correspondence positionsi, together When the power ratio α of data-signal and pilot signal is set, obtain signal set after power normalizationWherein αs、αp For the ratio after power distribution,It is pilot set of the correspondence ZC sequence pilot frequencies after power distribution on silent subcarriers position Close；
S4, by the frequency-region signal set obtained in step S3Time-domain signal α is obtained through IFFT conversionsx+αpp And send；
Receiving terminal：
S5, first time pilot frequency locations judge：
Frequency-domain received signal Y obtains g=N/n sub-block, each sub-block using piecemeal is carried out with transmitting terminal identical mode In contain n subcarrier；After piecemeal, to each piece of progress energy measuring, it is believed that n-k son of minimum energy in each sub-block The pilot data after channel is placed on carrier positionThe collection of these positions is combined into pilot frequency locations set L1；By Pilot frequency locations set L1The frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locations can be obtainedp1；
S6, initial channel estimation：
By frequency-domain received signal Yp1, pilot dataWith pilot frequency locations set L1Carry out channel estimation and obtain channel estimation valueChannel estimation methods include Linear least square estimation and Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation；
S7, second of pilot frequency locations judge：
The channel estimation value obtained using step S6Equilibrium treatment is carried out to frequency-domain received signal Y and is equalized signalEqually, to equalizing signalPiecemeal is carried out using with transmitting terminal identical mode, is obtained in g=N/n sub-block, each block Contain n subcarrier；
After piecemeal, each sub-block is detected, detection method is：Balanced letter in each sub-block on n subcarrier NumberData pilot data corresponding with current blockCarry out Euclidean distance djComparison：
Wherein, i represents i-th piece, and j represents j-th of subcarrier in i-th piece, it is believed that Euclidean distance djMinimum n-k The equalizing signal placed in individual sub-carrier positionsData be pilot data after channelThe set of these positions For pilot frequency locations set L2, by pilot frequency locations set L2The frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locations can be obtainedp2；
S8, renewal channel estimation：
By frequency-domain received signal Yp2, pilot dataThe pilot frequency locations set L obtained with step S72Carry out channel estimation, Channel estimation value after being updated
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：For the existing pilot settings problem based on SIM-OFDM communication means, it is proposed that A kind of simple pilot tone is used and laying method, is inserted by transmitting terminal on silent subcarriers and has been set correspondence ZC sequence pilot frequencies Pilot set on position, is detected the position where pilot tone by special detection method in receiving terminal, and combines reception Signal and pilot frequency sequence complete channel estimation, and the advantage of this method is both to remain the advantage of SIM-OFDM systems in itself, PAPR can be reduced using the ZC sequence pilot frequencies of any power ratio again, while carrying out channel estimation, and ensure final BER Energy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional SIM-OFDM system block diagrams；
Fig. 2 is that the ZC sequence pilot frequencies proposed in the present invention place schematic diagram.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail：
Embodiment
Below with (n, k)=(2,1), total subcarrier number N=1024, cyclic prefix CP=64, modulation symbol is used QPSK (4-QAM), exemplified by ZF equilibriums, LMMSE channel estimations：
Transmitting terminal：
Step 1-1：It is determined that the parameter for the system to be selected, that is, determine subcarrier number N=1024, the son load of each sub-block How many subcarrier number k=1 are activated in ripple number n=2, sub-block, sub-block the number g=N/n=512, order of modulation M=4 being divided into. Then the amount of bits of a frame is calculated according to formula.Index bit length is for wherein any one sub-block： Expression is rounded downwards, then a shared m for the index ofdm system of a frame1=p1G=512 Index bit；4-QAM modulation symbols are sent to the subcarrier of activation, for the system of (n, k)=(2,1), can be sent The modulation bit number of one frame is：m2=gp2=gklog2M=1024, the then total bit number m=m of a frame1+m2=1536.By this Frame data are divided into two groups, and one group is index bit, for selecting subcarrier to send data, and one group is modulation bit, for modulating Sent in subcarrier in being activated.
Step 1-2：ZC sequence pilot frequency signals are set：P=[P0,P1…Pi,…,PN-1], wherein Pi=exp (j*2* π * (i+ 1)2/ (2*N)), j represents imaginary unit, and i represents pilot tone position.
Step 2-1：Carrier index (SIM) is modulated.Specifically modulation criterion is：N number of subcarrier is divided into g=N/n sub-block, Each sub-block contains n subcarrier.For each sub-block, sim module first extracts corresponding index bit and modulation bit, Then modulation bit obtains the constellation point symbol to be sent by M-QAM modulation, and k in the block is activated finally according to index bit Individual subcarrier sends constellation point symbol, and remaining n-k subcarrier do not send out data.Finally obtain frequency domain signal X.
Step 2-2：Insert pilot tone and power normalization.ZC sequences are added on n-k silent subcarriers position in step 2-1 Pilot tone P on row pilot tone correspondence positioni, while setting data-signal and the power ratio α of pilot signal, obtain after power normalization Signal setWherein αs、αpFor the ratio after power distribution,It is that correspondence ZC sequences are led on silent subcarriers position Pilot set of the frequency after power distribution.Refer to accompanying drawing 2.
Step 2-3：By frequency-region signalTime-domain signal α is obtained through IFFT conversionsx+αpP is simultaneously sent.
Receiving terminal：
Step 3-1：First time pilot frequency locations judge.Frequency-domain received signal Y is used to be divided with transmitting terminal identical mode Block, is obtained in g=512 sub-block, each block containing n=2 subcarrier.After piecemeal, energy inspection is carried out one by one to each piece Survey ej=| Yi,j|, wherein i represents i-th piece, and j represents j-th of subcarrier in i-th piece, it is believed that minimum energy in each block N-k=1 sub-carrier positions on the data (frequency-domain received signal Y data) placed be pilot data after channelThe set of these positions is designated as pilot frequency locations set L1.By L1The frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locations can be obtainedp1。
Step 3-2：Initial channel estimation.By frequency-domain received signal Yp1, low energy pilot dataWith pilot frequency locations collection Close L1Carry out LMMSE channel estimations and obtain channel estimation value
Step 3-3：Second of pilot frequency locations judges.The channel estimation value obtained using step 3-2Frequency domain is received and believed Number Y carries out ZF equilibriums and is equalized signalEqually, to equalizing signalDivided using with transmitting terminal identical mode Block, is obtained in g=512 sub-block, each sub-block containing n=2 subcarrier.After piecemeal, each sub-block is examined one by one Survey.Detection method is：Data pilot data corresponding with the block in each block on n subcarrierCarry out Euclidean distance dj's Compare：J=1,2, i=1,2 ..., 512, wherein i represents i-th piece, and j is represented in i-th piece J-th of subcarrier, it is believed that Euclidean distance djData (the equalizing signal placed in n-k=1 minimum sub-carrier positionsNumber According to) it is pilot data after channelThe set of these positions is designated as pilot frequency locations set L2.By L2Pilot tone can be obtained Frequency-domain received signal Y at positionp2。
Step 3-4：Update channel estimation.By the frequency-domain received signal Y of pilot frequency locationsp2, low energy pilot data The pilot frequency locations set L obtained with step 3-32Carry out LMMSE channel estimations, the channel estimation value after being updated
If at this time, it is believed that 2 pilot frequency locations judge that the performance requirement of systemic presupposition, even pilot frequency locations set can not be met L2Accuracy be less than predetermined threshold value, then step 2-2 and 2-3 are repeated, until current pilot location sets L2Accuracy it is small It is more than or equal to predetermined threshold value in predetermined threshold value.
The channel estimation value finally given based on the present inventionThe demodulating data to frequency-domain received signal Y can be obtained, below Its demodulating process is sketched with ML detections：
ML detections space (standard point vector) in one block：
Frequency-domain received signal Y and channel estimation valuePiecemeal is carried out using with transmitting terminal identical mode, g=512 is obtained Contain n=2 subcarrier in individual sub-block, each block.ML detections are carried out to each sub-block, each sub-block vector Y is calculatediWith standard Point vector D and block of channels vectorThe overall Euclidean distance of product, wherein i represents i-th of sub-block vector.Standard point vector D bags Containing n=2 data, k=1 modulation symbol and n-k=1 frequency pilot sign after being distributed by energy are constituted, possible group (symbol j represents imaginary unit in table as shown above for conjunction.).Every kind of combination and specific index bit vector I and modulation symbol Vectorial Q correspondences, use DIQRepresent.According to formulaChoose Euclidean distance minimum one group is hair Set of symbols is sent, so as to find index bit vector I and modulation symbol vector Q, symbolic solution is modulated to modulation symbol vector Q and reflected Penetrate and obtain modulation bit.
The present invention proposes a kind of multicarrier system transmitting device of pilot frequency design modulation, the advantage major embodiment of the device ：For the existing pilot settings problem based on SIM-OFDM communication means, it is proposed that a kind of simple pilot tone is used and placement Method.The advantage of this method is both to remain the advantage of SIM-OFDM systems in itself, and the ZC of any power ratio can be utilized again Sequence pilot frequency reduces PAPR, while carrying out channel estimation, and ensures final BER performances.

Claims (1)

1. in a kind of SIM-OFDM system communicating methods modulated based on pilot frequency design, the described SIM-OFDM systems of setting, son Carrier wave total number is N, and the subcarrier number of each sub-block is n, then is selected at random in a total of g=N/n sub-block, and each sub-block Select wherein k subcarrier and send data；Had according to the generation mechanism of SIM-OFDM system information bit streams and index bit stream：One The information bit of frame SIM-OFDM symbol transmissions is gklog2(M), index bit number isThen have total Bit number isCharacterized in that, described communication means, including：
Transmitting terminal：
S1, setting ZC sequence pilot frequency signals are：
P=[P0,P1…Pi,…,PN-1]
Wherein, Pi=exp (j*2* π * (i+1)2/ (2*N)), j represents imaginary unit, and i represents pilot tone position；
S2, carrier index modulation：
For each sub-block, sim module first extracts corresponding index bit and modulation bit, and then modulation bit passes through M-QAM Modulation obtains the constellation point symbol to be sent, and k subcarrier is activated in the block finally according to index bit to send constellation point Symbol, remaining n-k subcarrier does not send out data, finally obtains frequency domain signal X；
S3, insertion pilot tone and power normalization：
The pilot tone P added on n-k silent subcarriers position in step s 2 on ZC sequence pilot frequency correspondence positionsi, set simultaneously The power ratio α of data-signal and pilot signal, obtains signal set after power normalizationWherein αs、αpFor power Ratio after distribution,It is pilot set of the correspondence ZC sequence pilot frequencies after power distribution on silent subcarriers position；
S4, by the frequency-region signal set obtained in step S3Time-domain signal α is obtained through IFFT conversionsx+αpP is concurrent Send；
Receiving terminal：
S5, first time pilot frequency locations judge：
Frequency-domain received signal Y obtains containing in g=N/n sub-block, each sub-block using piecemeal is carried out with transmitting terminal identical mode There is n subcarrier；After piecemeal, to each piece of progress energy measuring, it is believed that n-k subcarrier of minimum energy in each sub-block The pilot data after channel is placed on positionThe collection of these positions is combined into pilot frequency locations set L1；By pilot tone Location sets L1The frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locations can be obtainedp1；
S6, initial channel estimation：
By frequency-domain received signal Yp1, pilot dataWith pilot frequency locations set L1Carry out channel estimation and obtain channel estimation valueLetter Channel estimation method includes Linear least square estimation and Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation；
S7, second of pilot frequency locations judge：
The channel estimation value obtained using step S6Equilibrium treatment is carried out to frequency-domain received signal Y and is equalized signalTogether Sample, to equalizing signalPiecemeal is carried out using with transmitting terminal identical mode, obtains containing n in g=N/n sub-block, each block Individual subcarrier；
After piecemeal, each sub-block is detected, detection method is：Equalizing signal in each sub-block on n subcarrier's Data pilot data corresponding with current blockCarry out Euclidean distance djComparison：
Wherein, i represents i-th piece, and j represents j-th of subcarrier in i-th piece, it is believed that Euclidean distance djN-k minimum son The equalizing signal placed on carrier positionData be pilot data after channelThe collection of these positions, which is combined into, leads Frequency location sets L2, by pilot frequency locations set L2The frequency-domain received signal Y at pilot frequency locations can be obtainedp2；
S8, renewal channel estimation：
By frequency-domain received signal Yp2, pilot dataThe pilot frequency locations set L obtained with step S72Channel estimation is carried out, is obtained Channel estimation value after renewal
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CN108847917A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-11-20 电子科技大学 A kind of pilot frequency design modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method
CN108900291A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-11-27 电子科技大学 Data-pilot frequency design joint index modulator approach for SIM-OFDM system
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CN109412998B (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-12-18 电子科技大学 Position pattern design method in pilot frequency pattern modulation system
CN109617849A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-12 电子科技大学 Mixing activation carrier index modulator approach
CN109412998A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-03-01 电子科技大学 Position design method of pattern in pilot frequency design modulating system
CN109617849B (en) * 2018-12-25 2021-04-23 电子科技大学 Mixed activated carrier index modulation method
CN110391891A (en) * 2019-07-09 2019-10-29 中国地质大学（武汉） OFDM method and system based on two stages index modulation
CN111479315A (en) * 2020-04-07 2020-07-31 西藏大学 Hybrid energy power supply OFDM system power distribution method
CN115150814B (en) * 2021-03-30 2024-04-23 维沃移动通信有限公司 Spectrum allocation method and equipment
CN114844753A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-02 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 Scene-adaptive conductance integrated signal design method
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CN115276938A (en) * 2022-07-21 2022-11-01 电子科技大学 Pilot frequency transmission method for multi-antenna subcarrier index modulation OFDM

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