CN108847917B - Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method modulated by pilot frequency pattern - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于通信抗干扰技术领域，具体的说是一种导频图案调制正交频分复用传输方法。本发明以子载波块为单位，设计并生成长度等于块内子载波数的导频符号序列，子块中每个子载波都对应一导频符号，子块中不同的导频激活子载波组合对应着的导频符号组合不同，索引比特用于选择该子块的导频激活子载波以及相对应的导频符号组合；所有子块均采用这一相同的导频符号序列。本发明充分利用收发端已知的导频信息，根据索引比特进行导频图案调制，改善了系统的导频位置检测性能和信号检测性能，最终改善了系统的BER性能。
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication anti-interference, in particular to a pilot pattern modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method. The present invention takes the sub-carrier block as a unit to design and generate a pilot symbol sequence whose length is equal to the number of sub-carriers in the block. Each sub-carrier in the sub-block corresponds to a pilot symbol, and different combinations of pilot-activated sub-carriers in the sub-block correspond to The combination of the pilot symbols is different, and the index bits are used to select the pilot activated sub-carriers of the sub-block and the corresponding combination of pilot symbols; all sub-blocks use this same pilot symbol sequence. The invention makes full use of the pilot frequency information known at the transceiver end, modulates the pilot frequency pattern according to the index bits, improves the pilot frequency position detection performance and the signal detection performance of the system, and finally improves the BER performance of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication anti-interference, and particularly relates to a pilot Frequency pattern Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (IM-OFDM) transmission method for an Index Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (IM-OFDM) system.
Background
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a high-speed transmission technology in the field of wireless communication, and has become one of the core technologies of 4G mobile communication systems. The method is to decompose a high-rate data stream into a plurality of low-rate sub-data streams, i.e. to divide a signal into a plurality of orthogonal sub-carriers, and to transmit the signal simultaneously by using the mutually orthogonal sub-carriers. The orthogonality among the sub-carriers enables fading experienced by each sub-channel to be relatively flat, then the cyclic prefix is introduced to reduce inter-symbol interference, the method has the advantages of high frequency spectrum utilization rate, good multipath effect resistance and the like, and the fast Fourier transform provides a simple and low-cost implementation mode.
To ensure that the performance of the OFDM system is not affected by the multipath and fading effects of the channel, a channel estimation method is used to track the variation of the channel response. Among many channel estimation algorithms, channel estimation based on a pilot signal is the most commonly used method because it can effectively mitigate and compensate the effects of multipath fading of a wireless channel. In a conventional OFDM system, common pilot structures can be divided into block pilots, comb pilots, and diamond pilots, which are all used to complete channel estimation by inserting pilots at fixed positions, according to different pilot placement modes.
The recent Index Modulation (IM) technique further improves the performance of the OFDM system. The method divides the system frequency domain subcarrier into an active subcarrier and a silent subcarrier, wherein only the active subcarrier transmits a constellation point symbol, the silent subcarrier does not transmit data, and index bit information is implicit in the selection of the subcarrier for transmission. Compared with the traditional OFDM system, the IM-OFDM system adopts a blocking mode, pilot symbols can be transmitted by silent subcarriers, and the insertion position of the pilot is not fixed any more, so that the pilot position needs to be detected at a receiving end, and the performance of the pilot position detection can have great influence on the system performance. In the IM-OFDM system, the system performance can be effectively improved and the error rate of the system can be reduced by fully utilizing the known pilot frequency information of the transmitting and receiving ends.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pilot frequency pattern modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method based on the purpose of reducing the system error rate. The method takes a sub-block as a unit, each sub-carrier in the sub-block corresponds to a pilot frequency symbol, and index bits are used for selecting pilot frequency activated sub-carriers of the sub-block and corresponding pilot frequency symbol combinations.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
setting the total number of subcarriers as N and the number of subcarriers of each sub-block as N, wherein k subcarriers are data activated subcarriers for transmitting constellation point symbols, and (N-k) subcarriers are pilot activated subcarriers for transmitting pilot, alphaSMapping the average normalized transmit power, alpha, of the subcarriers for dataPMapping the average normalized transmit power of sub-carriers for pilot, M ═ alphaS/αP；
A transmitting end:
a. partitioning: carrying out blocking processing on sub-carriers of an IM-OFDM system to obtain g-N/N sub-blocks;
b. pilot frequency generation: designing and generating a pilot symbol sequence with the length of n, and distributing the pilot symbol sequence to n subcarriers of a subblock, so that each subcarrier corresponds to a pilot symbol; all sub-blocks adopt the pilot frequency symbol sequence with the length of n, and also adopt the same mapping relation between sub-carriers and pilot frequency symbols; the condition that the pilot symbol sequence with the length of n needs to satisfy is as follows:
(1) in the pilot symbol sequence with the length of n, the same pilot symbols can be present;
(2) in one sub-block, for all possible pilot frequency mapping sub-carrier combinations determined by the index bit, the pilot frequency symbol combinations corresponding to different pilot frequency mapping sub-carrier combinations are different;
c. pilot frequency power calculation: in the invention, the sending power of the data mapping sub-carrier is set to be larger than that of the pilot mapping sub-carrier, and the sending power of the data mapping sub-carrier and the pilot mapping sub-carrier after average normalization satisfies k.alphaS+(n-k)·αPN, and αS>1,αP<1, bound M ═ αS/αPCalculating alphaS、αP；
d. Pilot pattern modulation: for each sub-block, the modulation module extracts the corresponding index bit first, selects (n-k) pilot frequency activated sub-carriers of the sub-block according to the mapping relation between the index bit and the pilot frequency activated sub-carriers, selects (n-k) pilot frequency symbols corresponding to the (n-k) pilot frequency activated sub-carriers as the pilot frequency sequence transmitted by the sub-block according to the mapping relation between the sub-carriers and the pilot frequency symbols, and sends the corresponding pilot frequency symbols respectively by each pilot frequency activated sub-carrier according to the power alpha calculated in cPPerforming power distribution on the pilot frequency activated subcarriers; the rest k subcarriers in the subblock are used as the data active subcarriers of the subblock; the length of the index bit corresponding to each sub-block is
Wherein
Is a rounded down function;
e. information data storagePlacing: extracting modulation bits, modulating the modulation bits by M-QAM to obtain constellation point symbols to be transmitted, then sequentially placing the constellation point symbols on corresponding data activated subcarriers, and calculating the power alpha of the data activated subcarriers according to cSCarrying out power distribution to obtain a sending symbol vector X;
f. frequency domain-time domain transformation: e, sequentially carrying out serial-parallel conversion, IFFT, parallel-serial conversion, Cyclic Prefix (CP) addition and other operations on the transmission symbol vector X obtained by e to obtain an IM-OFDM symbol, and transmitting the IM-OFDM symbol;
receiving end:
g. pilot frequency acquisition: combining pilot symbols corresponding to each subcarrier into a pilot symbol sequence P with the length of N according to the arrangement sequence of the subcarriers;
h. and (3) first pilot frequency position judgment: the frequency domain receiving signal Y adopts the same blocking mode as the transmitting end, energy detection is carried out on each sub-block after blocking, the (n-k) sub-carrier position with the lowest energy in each sub-block is found out and marked as the pilot frequency position of the current sub-block, and the pilot frequency positions of all the sub-blocks form a pilot frequency position set L1From a set L of pilot positions1Obtaining a frequency domain received signal Y at a pilot positionP1And a pilot P at the pilot position1；
i. Initial channel estimation: receiving a signal Y from a frequency domainP1Pilot frequency P1And a set of pilot positions L1Performing channel estimation to obtain a first channel estimation value
j. And (3) second pilot frequency position judgment: based on the channel estimation
And detecting the frequency domain receiving signal Y, recovering the transmitted data stream, and obtaining a pilot frequency position set L according to a modulation module which is the same as the transmitting end2According to L2Obtaining YP2And P2；
k. Updating the channel estimation value again: receiving a signal Y from a frequency domainP2Pilot frequency P2And a set of pilot positions L2Performing a second channel estimation to obtain a second channel estimation value
Repeating the steps j to k according to the set equalization times to obtain a final channel estimation value
According to the final channel estimation value
And detecting the frequency domain receiving signal Y to recover the transmitted data stream.
The invention carries on the pilot frequency pattern modulation according to the index bit, the index bit is different, the pilot frequency of the subblock activates the subcarrier combination differently, correspondingly, the pilot frequency symbol sequence that the subblock transmits is different too, have utilized the known pilot frequency information of the transmitting-receiving end more fully, have improved the pilot frequency position detection performance and signal detection performance of the system, has improved the BER performance of the system finally.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the mapping relationship between sub-carriers and pilot symbols in any sub-block of an embodiment, where P is1,P2,P3,P4Pilot symbols representing each sub-block;
FIG. 2 is a modulation scheme of an embodiment, wherein X11,X12...,Xg1,Xg2Representing modulated data symbols, P1,P2,P3,P4Pilot symbols representing each sub-block;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a system transmitting end applying a pilot pattern modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a system receiving end applying a pilot pattern modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
the invention designs a pilot frequency pattern modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method. The invention takes a sub-carrier block with the length of n as a unit, designs and generates a pilot frequency symbol sequence with the length of n, each sub-carrier in a sub-block corresponds to a pilot frequency symbol, and an index bit is used for selecting the pilot frequency activation sub-carrier of the sub-block and the corresponding pilot frequency symbol combination.
Example (b):
the specific embodiment of the present invention is described below with the total number N of subcarriers being 1024, the number N of subcarriers in each subblock being 4, the number k of data activated subcarriers used for transmitting constellation point symbols in a subblock being 2, the cyclic prefix CP being 64, the modulation symbols being BPSK, performing interleaving index modulation, the channel estimation all using CS channel estimation, the signal detection all using ML detection method, and equalization 1 time as an example.
As shown in the modulation schematic diagram of fig. 2, the implementation process is roughly divided into the following steps:
the specific structure of the transmitting end is shown in fig. 3:
step 1-1: the sub-carriers are divided into blocks, and the number g of the divided sub-blocks is N/N is 256. And then calculating the bit number of one frame according to a formula. The index bit length for any one of the sub-blocks is:
indicating rounding down, the index bits have m total for one frame of the system1＝p1g is 512 bits; the data activated subcarrier is used for transmitting BPSK modulation symbols, the modulation order M is 2, and the number of modulation bits that can be transmitted in one frame is: m is2＝g·k·log2M is 512, the total number of bits M in a frame is M1+m 21024. Dividing the frame data into two groups, one group is index bit for selecting pilot frequency activation sub-carrier and corresponding pilot frequency symbol combination, and the other group is modulation bit for obtaining constellation point symbol to be sent through BPSK modulation.
Step 1-2: generating pilots, as shown in fig. 1, for any sub-block containing 4 sub-carriers, the pilot symbol sequence is designed as P1,P2,P3,P4]＝[-1j,1j,1j,-1j]Wherein, the index bit 00 corresponds to the pilot frequency activation subcarrier as subcarrier 3 and subcarrier 4, the pilot frequency symbol combination is [1j, -1j]The index bit 01 corresponds to the pilot activation sub-carriers of sub-carrier 1 and sub-carrier 4, and the pilot symbol combination is [ -1j, -1j]The index bit 10 corresponds to pilot activation subcarriers of subcarrier 1 and subcarrier 2, and the pilot symbol combination is [ -1j,1j]The index bit 11 corresponds to the pilot activation sub-carriers of sub-carrier 2 and sub-carrier 3, and the pilot symbol combination is [1j,1j ]]The pilot symbol sequence is designed to meet the requirements of the invention;
step 1-3: calculating the subcarrier transmission power and setting alphaS/α P4, k · α is satisfied after the average normalization according to the transmission powerS+(n-k)·αPN, calculating alphaS＝1.6，αP0.4, wherein αSMapping the average normalized transmit power, alpha, of the subcarriers for dataPMapping the average normalized transmit power of the sub-carriers for the pilot;
step 1-4: carrying out pilot frequency pattern modulation, and extracting corresponding p for each sub-block1Selecting 2 pilot frequency activated sub-carriers of the sub-block according to the mapping relation between the index bits and the pilot frequency activated sub-carriers, selecting 2 pilot frequency symbols corresponding to the 2 pilot frequency activated sub-carriers as a pilot frequency sequence transmitted by the sub-block, respectively transmitting the respective corresponding pilot frequency symbols by the two pilot frequency activated sub-carriers, and calculating the power alpha according to the steps 1-3PCarrying out power distribution on the pilot frequency activated subcarrier as 0.4; the rest 2 sub-carriers in the sub-block are used as the data active sub-carriers of the sub-block;
step 1-5: placing information data, extracting modulation bits, obtaining constellation point symbols to be sent by carrying out BPSK modulation on the modulation bits, then placing the constellation point symbols on corresponding data activated subcarriers in sequence, and carrying out power alpha calculated in the step 1-3 on the data activated subcarriersSPower allocation is performed as 1.6;
step 1-6: interleaving, namely placing adjacent subcarriers in an interleaving manner to obtain a sending symbol vector X;
step 1-7: and (3) frequency domain-time domain transformation, namely performing serial-parallel conversion, IFFT, parallel-serial conversion, Cyclic Prefix (CP) addition and other operations on the transmitted symbol vector X in sequence to obtain an IM-OFDM symbol, and transmitting the IM-OFDM symbol.
The specific structure of the receiving end is shown in fig. 4:
step 2-1: pilot frequency acquisition, namely combining pilot frequency symbols corresponding to each subcarrier into a pilot frequency symbol sequence P with the length of N being 1024 according to the arrangement sequence of the subcarriers;
step 2-2: the first pilot frequency position judgment, the frequency domain receiving signal Y adopts the same block dividing mode as the sending end, the sub-carriers of each sub-block are arranged in descending order according to the energy after the block dividing, the position of the (n-k) which is the lowest in energy in each sub-block is found out and marked as the pilot frequency position of the current sub-block, and the pilot frequency position set L is formed by 512 pilot frequency positions of all sub-blocks1From a set L of pilot positions1Obtaining a frequency domain received signal Y at a pilot positionP1And a pilot P at the pilot position1；
Step 2-3: initial channel estimation from the frequency domain received signal YP1Pilot frequency P1And a set of pilot positions L1Obtaining a first channel estimation value by using a CS channel estimation method
Step 2-4: second pilot position determination based on the channel estimation
And carrying out maximum likelihood detection (ML) on the frequency domain received signal Y to recover the transmitted data stream, and obtaining a pilot frequency position set L according to a modulation module which is the same as the transmitting end2According to L2Obtaining YP2And P2(ii) a ML detection is carried out according to sub-blocks, each sub-block adopts a pilot frequency symbol sequence which is the same as that of a transmitting terminal, and pilot frequencies corresponding to 4 sub-carriers of each sub-blockThe symbol sequence is [ P ]1,P2,P3,P4]＝[-1j,1j,1j,-1j]；
Step 2-5: updating the channel estimation value again, and receiving the signal Y according to the frequency domainP2Pilot frequency P2And a set of pilot positions L2Obtaining a second channel estimation value by using a CS channel estimation method
Since the number of equalizations is set to 1, it is possible to set the number of equalizers to 1
I.e. the final channel estimation value
Step 2-6: according to the final channel estimation value
And performing ML detection on the frequency domain received signal Y to recover the transmitted data stream.
Claims (1)
1. A pilot frequency pattern modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method is used for an IM-OFDM system, the total number of subcarriers is set to be N, the number of subcarriers of each subblock is set to be N, k subcarriers are data activated subcarriers and are used for sending constellation point symbols, the (N-k) subcarriers are pilot frequency activated subcarriers and are used for sending pilot frequencies, and the modulation order M is alphaS/αPIn which α isSMapping the average normalized transmit power, alpha, of the subcarriers for dataP-average normalized transmit power for pilot mapped subcarriers, characterized in that said transmission method comprises the steps of:
a transmitting end:
a. partitioning: carrying out blocking processing on sub-carriers of an IM-OFDM system to obtain g-N/N sub-blocks;
b. pilot frequency generation: designing and generating a pilot symbol sequence with the length of n, and distributing the pilot symbol sequence to n subcarriers of a subblock, so that each subcarrier corresponds to a pilot symbol; all sub-blocks adopt the pilot frequency symbol sequence with the length of n, and also adopt the same mapping relation between sub-carriers and pilot frequency symbols; the condition that the pilot symbol sequence with the length of n needs to satisfy is as follows:
(1) the pilot symbol sequence with the length of n has the same pilot symbols;
(2) in one sub-block, for all possible pilot frequency mapping sub-carrier combinations determined by the index bit, the pilot frequency symbol combinations corresponding to different pilot frequency mapping sub-carrier combinations are different;
c. pilot frequency power calculation: setting the transmitting power of the data mapping sub-carrier to be larger than that of the pilot mapping sub-carrier, and the transmitting power of the data mapping sub-carrier and the pilot mapping sub-carrier after average normalization satisfies k.alphaS+(n-k)·αPN, and αS>1,αP<1, bound M ═ αS/αPCalculating alphaS、αP；
d. Pilot pattern modulation: for each sub-block, the modulation module extracts the corresponding index bit first, selects (n-k) pilot frequency activated sub-carriers of the sub-block according to the mapping relation between the index bit and the pilot frequency activated sub-carriers, selects (n-k) pilot frequency symbols corresponding to the (n-k) pilot frequency activated sub-carriers as the pilot frequency sequence transmitted by the sub-block according to the mapping relation between the sub-carriers and the pilot frequency symbols, and sends the respective corresponding pilot frequency symbols by each pilot frequency activated sub-carrier respectively, and obtains the power alpha in step cPPerforming power distribution on the pilot frequency activated subcarriers; the rest k subcarriers in the subblock are used as the data active subcarriers of the subblock; the length of the index bit corresponding to each sub-block is
Wherein
Is a rounded down function;
e. information data placement: extracting modulation bits, and modulating the modulation bits by M-QAM to obtain the desired transmissionThe sent constellation point symbols are then placed on the corresponding data activation sub-carriers in sequence, and the data activation sub-carriers are subjected to the power alpha obtained in the step cSCarrying out power distribution to obtain a sending symbol vector X;
f. frequency domain-time domain transformation: e, sequentially carrying out serial-parallel conversion, IFFT, parallel-serial conversion and cyclic prefix adding on the transmitting symbol vector X obtained in the step e to obtain an IM-OFDM symbol, and transmitting the IM-OFDM symbol;
receiving end:
g. pilot frequency acquisition: combining pilot symbols corresponding to each subcarrier into a pilot symbol sequence P with the length of N according to the arrangement sequence of the subcarriers;
h. and (3) first pilot frequency position judgment: the frequency domain receiving signal Y adopts the same blocking mode as the transmitting end, energy detection is carried out on each sub-block after blocking, the (n-k) sub-carrier position with the lowest energy in each sub-block is found out and marked as the pilot frequency position of the current sub-block, and the pilot frequency positions of all the sub-blocks form a pilot frequency position set L1From a set L of pilot positions1Obtaining a frequency domain received signal Y at a pilot positionP1And a pilot P at the pilot position1；
i. Initial channel estimation: receiving a signal Y from a frequency domainP1Pilot frequency P1And a set of pilot positions L1Performing channel estimation to obtain a first channel estimation value
j. And (3) second pilot frequency position judgment: based on the channel estimation
And detecting the frequency domain receiving signal Y, recovering the transmitted data stream, and obtaining a pilot frequency position set L according to a modulation module which is the same as the transmitting end2According to L2Obtaining YP2And P2；
k. Updating the channel estimation value again: receiving a signal Y from a frequency domainP2Pilot frequency P2And a set of pilot positions L2Go forward and go forwardPerforming second channel estimation to obtain second channel estimation value
Repeating the steps j to k according to the set equalization times to obtain a final channel estimation value
According to the final channel estimation value
And detecting the frequency domain receiving signal Y to recover the transmitted data stream.
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| CN110995637B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-12-04 | 北京邮电大学 | Signal modulation and demodulation method and device for joint subcarrier activation and modulation selection |
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| CN105337921A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-02-17 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Multicarrier nonorthogonal transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation |
| CN106453190A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-02-22 | 东南大学 | Multi-user sub-carrier index modulation orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (SIM-OFDM) transmission method |
| CN106656875A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-10 | 电子科技大学 | Channel estimation method for sub-carrier index modulation OFDM system |
| CN107147483A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | A SIM-OFDM system communication method based on pilot pattern modulation |
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| CN105337921A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-02-17 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Multicarrier nonorthogonal transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation |
| CN106453190A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-02-22 | 东南大学 | Multi-user sub-carrier index modulation orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (SIM-OFDM) transmission method |
| CN106656875A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-10 | 电子科技大学 | Channel estimation method for sub-carrier index modulation OFDM system |
| CN107147483A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | A SIM-OFDM system communication method based on pilot pattern modulation |
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