CN107144461B - Experimental device for simulating tunnel stress characteristics at fault - Google Patents
Experimental device for simulating tunnel stress characteristics at fault Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144461B CN107144461B CN201710543534.2A CN201710543534A CN107144461B CN 107144461 B CN107144461 B CN 107144461B CN 201710543534 A CN201710543534 A CN 201710543534A CN 107144461 B CN107144461 B CN 107144461B
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Abstract
The experimental device comprises a base and a track, wherein the base is provided with a left box and a right box which can move on the base in an axisymmetric manner, the left box comprises a front plate, a rear plate, a left plate, a right plate and a bottom plate which are mutually spliced, the front plate and the rear plate are symmetrically arranged, the left plate and the right plate are symmetrically arranged, the front plate comprises a front lower plate and a front middle plate, the front lower plate and the front middle plate can be spliced into a seamless plate surface, the left plate comprises a left lower plate and a left middle plate which are mutually spliced, the left lower plate and the left middle plate form a tunnel portal for a tunnel model to pass through, the left box further comprises a front support plate and a rear support plate which are symmetrically arranged, the front lower plate is connected with the rear end of a horizontal hydraulic jack, and the front end of the horizontal hydraulic jack is connected with the front support plate; the bottom plate is connected with the horizontal supporting plate through the vertical loading component, and the pulley capable of sliding along the track is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal supporting plate, so that the device is suitable for measuring stress characteristics near the fault tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical analysis, and particularly relates to an experimental device for simulating stress characteristics when a tunnel passes through faults.
Background
Along with the rapid development of traffic construction in China, some tunnels inevitably pass through active faults in the construction process, and the tunnels passing through the faults are extremely easily damaged at the faults. In order to improve the tunnel safety, the influence of faults on the tunnel stress characteristics needs to be determined through simulation of model experiments, and the operation is very difficult. In the prior art, the method commonly used is as follows: (1) Simulation is carried out by special large-scale equipment such as a vibrating table and other large-scale experimental equipment, and (2) simulation is carried out by a small-scale fault dislocation tunnel model experimental device. However, the former equipment occupies a large area, the operation of the experimental instrument is complex, and the operation is inconvenient; the latter has low precision, and is difficult to accurately simulate the tunnel stress characteristics and deformation at the fault. Therefore, a convenient and practical experimental device and method for simulating the tunnel stress characteristics at the fault are needed, which are convenient to operate and are beneficial to improving the working efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of inconvenient operation and low precision of the existing equipment and provides an experimental device and method for simulating tunnel stress characteristics at a fault.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the experimental device for simulating tunnel stress characteristics at fault comprises a base and a track arranged on the base, wherein a left box and a right box are axially symmetrically arranged on the base, the left box and the right box can move on the base, the left box comprises a front plate, a rear plate, a left plate, a right plate and a bottom plate which are mutually spliced, the front plate and the rear plate are symmetrically arranged, the left plate and the right plate are symmetrically arranged, the front plate comprises a front lower plate and a front middle plate, the front lower plate and the front middle plate can be spliced into a seamless plate surface, the left plate comprises a left lower plate and a left middle plate which are mutually spliced, the left lower plate and the left middle plate form a tunnel portal for a tunnel model to pass through, the left box further comprises a front supporting plate and a rear supporting plate which are symmetrically arranged, the front lower plate is connected with the rear end of a horizontal hydraulic jack, the front end of the horizontal hydraulic jack is connected with the front supporting plate, and the left box can move back and forth under the action of the horizontal hydraulic jack; the bottom plate passes through vertical loading part and links to each other with the horizontal support board, and horizontal support board bottom is provided with the pulley that can slide along track left and right sides, and left side case can be controlled the removal under vertical loading part's effect.
Further, a displacement sensor and an inclination angle measuring instrument are also arranged on the left box.
Specifically, the number of the vertical loading parts is 4, and the vertical loading parts are respectively arranged in the front, back, left and right directions of the bottom plate.
Further, a load sensor is also arranged on the left box.
Further, a gasket is provided around the tunnel portal periphery.
Preferably, the front plate further comprises a front upper plate spliced with the front middle plate, the left plate further comprises a left upper plate spliced with the left middle plate, the top of the left upper plate and the top of the front upper plate are on the same horizontal plane, the front upper plate is connected with the left upper plate, and the rear plate and the right plate are arranged in the same way.
Further, the front left lower plate, the front right lower plate, the front left middle plate, the front right middle plate, the front support plate and the rear support plate all adopt rectangular plates.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the experimental method for simulating tunnel stress characteristics at faults based on the device comprises the following steps:
A. placing a tunnel model, respectively placing two ends of the tunnel model on a left tunnel hole of a left box and a right tunnel hole of a right box, filling and compacting soil in the left box and the right box, and compacting partial filling soil of which the tunnel model is not attached to the tunnel hole;
B. moving the left box and the right box left and right on the track to enable the distance between the left box and the right box to reach the set fault width, respectively adjusting each vertical loading component of the left box and the right box, adjusting the inclination angles of the left box and the right box, measuring whether the inclination angles meet the preset fault inclination angle through an inclination angle measuring instrument, and continuously adjusting the corresponding vertical loading components to enable the inclination angles to reach the preset fault inclination angle;
C. and adjusting each horizontal hydraulic jack to enable the left box and the right box to slowly move back and forth so as to simulate the change of the tunnel stress characteristics under the slow fault movement, monitoring the fault movement quantity by using a displacement sensor, monitoring the stress by using a load sensor, and recording each data so as to finish the subsequent experimental analysis.
Specifically, the preset fault width and the preset inclination angle are changed, and the steps B-C are repeated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the structure is small and exquisite, the installation of being convenient for, easily operation, and can be on the base four directions activity about, can independent accurate adjustment travel distance and inclination, utilize displacement sensor and inclinometer to carry out quantitative analysis to travel distance and inclination to simulate the combination condition at various fault widths, fault inclination, improve result degree of accuracy and reliability. The method is used for measuring the stress characteristics near the fault tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a right side view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a horizontal hydraulic jack body unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the front lower plate and the front middle plate of the embodiment;
wherein 12 is a rail, 13 is a base, 221 is a left box, 222 is a right box, 111 is a left box front upper plate, 112 is a left box front middle plate, 113 is a left box front lower plate, 121 is a right box front upper plate, 122 is a right box front middle plate, 123 is a right box front lower plate, 131 is a left box rear upper plate, 132 is a left box rear middle plate, 133 is a left box rear lower plate, 141 is a right box rear upper plate, 142 is a right box rear middle plate, 143 is a right box rear lower plate, 151 is a left box left upper plate, 152 is a left box left middle plate, 153 is a left box left lower plate, 161 is a right box right upper plate, 162 is a right box right middle plate, 163 is a right box right lower plate, 231 is a left box bottom plate, 232 is a right box bottom plate, 251 is a left box right upper plate, 252 is a left box right middle plate, 253 is a left box right lower plate, 261 is a right box left upper plate, 262 is a right box left lower plate, 263 is a right box left support plate, 51 is a left box rear support plate, 52 is a left box front support plate, 53 is a right box rear support plate, 54 is a right box front support plate, 61 is a left box load sensor, 62 is a right box load sensor, 71 is a left box displacement sensor, 72 is a right box displacement sensor, 191 is a left box inclinometer, 192 is a right box inclinometer, 81 is a left box second horizontal hydraulic jack, 82 is a left box first horizontal hydraulic jack, 83 is a right box second horizontal hydraulic jack, 84 is a right box first horizontal hydraulic jack, 21 is a horizontal hydraulic jack main body unit, 91 is a left box rear left vertical loading member, 92 is a left box front left vertical loading member, 93 is a left box rear right vertical loading member, 94 is a left box front right vertical loading member, 95 is a right box rear left vertical loading member, 96 is a right box front left vertical loading member, 97 is a right box rear right vertical loading member, 98 is a right box front right vertical loading member, 172 tunnel portal, 41 is a gasket, 201 is a rear hydraulic support, 202 is a front hydraulic support, 181 is a high-strength bolt, 24 is a hinge support, 101 is a left box horizontal support plate, and 102 is a right box horizontal support plate.
Description of the embodiments
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-5, the experimental device for simulating stress characteristics when a tunnel passes through a fault comprises a base 13 and a track 12 arranged on the base 13, wherein a hollow left box 221 and a hollow right box 222 are axially symmetrically arranged on the base 13, and the left box 221 and the right box 222 can independently move forwards, backwards, leftwards and rightwards along the base.
For convenience of distinction, in this example, the structures of the left case 221 and the right case 222 are specifically described. Specifically, a left box is added before a left box part, and a right box is added before a right box part, so as to facilitate discrimination.
The left box 221 includes a left box front plate, a left box rear plate, a left box left plate, a left box right plate and a left box bottom plate which are spliced with each other, the left box front plate, the left box rear plate, the left box left plate, the left box right plate and the left box bottom plate enclose a hollow cavity without a top cover, the left box front plate and the left box rear plate are symmetrically arranged, the left box left plate and the left box right plate are symmetrically arranged, and also can be asymmetrically arranged, but in consideration of device balance and experimental effect, the symmetrical arrangement is preferred.
The front plate of the left box 221 includes a left box front lower plate 113 and a left box front middle plate 112, and the left box front lower plate 113 and the left box front middle plate 112 can be spliced into a seamless plate surface by being clamped or spliced in other modes. The left box front lower plate 113 and the left box front middle plate 112 are structurally schematically shown in fig. 7, a raised head is arranged at the top end of the left box front lower plate, and a groove matched with the raised head is arranged at the bottom end of the left box front middle plate, so that the left box front lower plate and the left front middle plate can be fixedly connected, and similar splicing modes can be used between other plates.
The left plate of the left box 221 includes a left box left lower plate 153 and a left box left middle plate 152, and the left box left lower plate 153 and the left box left middle plate 152 form a tunnel portal through which a tunnel model passes, specifically, the groove portions of the left box left lower plate 153 and the left box left middle plate 152 may constitute a tunnel portal 172, which is a shape required for a tunnel section.
The back plate of left box 221 includes left box back lower plate 133 and left box back medium plate 132, and left box back lower plate 133 and left box back medium plate 132 concatenation can splice into seamless face. The right plate of the left box 221 includes a left box right lower plate 253 and a left box right middle plate 252, and the left box right lower plate 253 and the left box right middle plate 252 form a tunnel portal 172 through which the tunnel model passes.
The left box front upper plate 111 and the left box left upper plate 151 can be added according to the burial depth, the left box front upper plate 111 is spliced with the left box front middle plate 112, and the left box left upper plate 151 is spliced with the left box left middle plate 152. Similarly, the left box back plate is also set up the same as the left box right plate, i.e. the left box back plate further comprises a left box back upper plate 131 spliced with the left box back middle plate 132, and the left box right plate further comprises a left box right upper plate 251 spliced with the left box right middle plate 252. The upper plates are spliced with each other, and the tops of the upper plates are on the same horizontal plane.
The left box 221 further comprises a left box front supporting plate 52 and a left box rear supporting plate 51 which are symmetrically arranged, the left box front supporting plate 52 and the left box rear supporting plate 51 are connected with the base plate, the left box front lower plate 113 is connected with the front hydraulic support 202 through a high-strength bolt 181 and the rear end of the left box first horizontal hydraulic jack 82, and the front end of the left box first horizontal hydraulic jack 82 is connected with the rear hydraulic support 201 through a high-strength bolt 181 and the left box front supporting plate 52. Because the rear plate and the front plate are symmetrical, the left box rear lower plate 133 and the front hydraulic support 202 are connected with the front end of the left box second horizontal hydraulic jack 81 through the high-strength bolt 181, and the rear end of the left box second horizontal hydraulic jack 81 and the rear hydraulic support 201 are connected with the left box rear support plate 51 through the high-strength bolt 181. The structure of the main body unit of the horizontal hydraulic jack is as shown in fig. 6, the main body unit of the horizontal hydraulic jack, namely the horizontal hydraulic jack, removes the parts of the displacement sensor and the load sensor, and the horizontal hydraulic jack comprises a first horizontal hydraulic jack 82, a left box second horizontal hydraulic jack 81, a right box first horizontal hydraulic jack 84 and a right box second horizontal hydraulic jack 83. The left box can move back and forth under the action of the first horizontal hydraulic jack 82 and the second horizontal hydraulic jack 81, and the front and back directions are vertical to the track.
The bottom surface of the left box bottom plate 231 is respectively connected with the upper ends of the left vertical loading component 92 before the left box, the left vertical loading component 91 after the left box, the right vertical loading component 94 before the left box and the right vertical loading component 93 after the left box through the hinge support 24, the bottom ends of the four vertical loading components are respectively connected with the left box horizontal supporting plate 101, the bottom of the left box horizontal supporting plate 101 is provided with a pulley, and the pulley can slide left and right along the track 12 arranged on the base so as to adjust the width of the fault. The inclination angle of the left box can be adjusted under the action of the vertical loading component. Each supporting plate and the vertical loading part are uniformly distributed on the base.
The right box 222 includes a right box front plate, a right box rear plate, a right box left plate, a right box right plate and a right box bottom plate that are spliced with each other, and the right box front plate, the right box rear plate, the right box left plate, the right box right plate and the right box bottom plate enclose into a hollow and top-cap-free cavity, and the right box front plate and the right box rear plate are symmetrically arranged, and the right box left plate and the right box right plate are also symmetrically arranged, and also can be asymmetrically arranged, but are preferably symmetrically arranged in consideration of device balance and experimental effect.
The front plate of the right box 222 includes a right box front lower plate 123 and a right box front middle plate 122, and the right box front lower plate 123 and the right box front middle plate 122 can be spliced into a seamless plate surface by being clamped or spliced in other modes. The splicing mode is similar to that of the front plate of the left box. The left plate of the right box 222 includes a right box left lower plate 263 and a right box left middle plate 262, and the right box left lower plate 263 and the right box left middle plate 262 form a tunnel portal through which the tunnel model passes. The rear plate of the right box 222 includes a right box rear lower plate 143 and a right box rear middle plate 142, and the right box rear lower plate 133 and the right box rear middle plate 132 are spliced to form a seamless plate surface. The right box right plate includes a right box right lower plate 163 and a right box right middle plate 162, and the right box right lower plate 163 and the right box right middle plate 162 form a tunnel portal 172 through which the tunnel model passes.
The right box front upper plate 121 and the right box left upper plate 261 can be further added according to the burial depth, the right box front upper plate 121 is spliced with the right box front middle plate 122, and the right box left upper plate 261 is spliced with the right box left middle plate 262. Similarly, the right box back plate is also set up the same as the right box right plate, i.e., the right box back plate further includes a right box back upper plate 141 spliced with the right box back middle plate 142, and the right box right plate further includes a right box right upper plate 161 spliced with the right box right middle plate 162. The upper plates are spliced with each other, and the tops of the upper plates are on the same horizontal plane.
The right box 222 further includes a right box front support plate 54 and a right box rear support plate 53 which are symmetrically disposed, and both the right box front support plate 54 and the right box rear support plate 53 are connected to the base plate. The right box front lower plate 123 is connected with the front hydraulic support 202 through a high-strength bolt 181 and the rear end of the right box first horizontal hydraulic jack 84, and the front end of the right box first horizontal hydraulic jack 84 is connected with the rear hydraulic support 201 through a high-strength bolt 181 and the right box front support plate 54. Because the rear plate and the front plate are symmetrical, the right box rear lower plate 143 and the front hydraulic support 202 are connected with the front end of the right box second horizontal hydraulic jack 83 through the high-strength bolt 181, and the rear end of the right box second horizontal hydraulic jack 83 and the rear hydraulic support 201 are connected with the right box rear support plate 53 through the high-strength bolt 181. The right box can move back and forth under the action of the right box first horizontal hydraulic jack 84 and the right box second horizontal hydraulic jack 83.
The bottom surface of right bottom plate 232 links to each other with right side vertical loading part 98 before the right case, right side vertical loading part 97 behind the right case, right side vertical loading part 96 before the right case, left side vertical loading part 95 behind the right case upper end respectively through hinge support 24, and the bottom of aforementioned four vertical loading parts links to each other with right case horizontal support plate 102 respectively, and right case horizontal support plate 102 bottom is provided with the pulley, and the pulley can slide in order to adjust the width of fault about the track 12 of laying on the base. The inclination angle of the right box can be adjusted under the action of the vertical loading component.
One or more of a displacement sensor, an inclination angle measuring instrument and a load sensor can be arranged on the left box and the right box. The position of the sensor can be selected at will, but in order to improve the measurement accuracy, the following settings can be made:
displacement sensors are respectively arranged on the left box and the right box, and the left box and the right box can move back and forth and left and right along the independent base, and the moving distance of the left box and the right box is read out through the displacement sensors. Specifically, the hydraulic pressure measuring device can be arranged at any position on the left box and the right box respectively, preferably, the left box displacement sensor 71 is arranged at the upper part of the first horizontal hydraulic jack 82 of the left box, the right box displacement sensor 72 is arranged at the upper part of the first horizontal hydraulic jack 84 of the right box, and the arrangement is based on stable water quality of the horizontal hydraulic jack, no horizontal displacement is generated, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Load sensors are respectively arranged on the horizontal hydraulic jacks of the left box and the right box and used for monitoring the forces acting on the left box and the right box by the horizontal hydraulic jacks, specifically, a left box load sensor 61 is arranged on the second horizontal hydraulic jack 81 of the left box, and a right box load sensor 62 is arranged on the second horizontal hydraulic jack of the right box. The left box and the right box are also distributed with a left box inclination angle measuring instrument 191 and a right box inclination angle measuring instrument 192, the inclination angles of the left box or the right box can be independently adjusted under the action of the vertical loading component, and the inclination angles are read out through the inclination angle sensor so as to simulate the combination conditions of various fault widths and fault inclination angles. When in use, the distance between the left box 221 and the right box 222 and the inclination angle thereof are adjusted according to the preset fault width and the inclination angle, so that the experimental requirements are met.
A gasket 41 with good rigidity is arranged around the periphery of the tunnel portal at the tunnel portal 172 so as to prevent the deformation of the tunnel model from being restrained at the tunnel portal caused by poor contact between the tunnel model and the tunnel portal in the experimental process, and improve the reliability and measurement accuracy of the device.
Each of the above plates adopts a rectangular plate in consideration of balance and realization effects.
The experimental method for simulating the stress characteristics when the tunnel passes through the fault based on the device comprises the following steps:
1. the front middle plate and the front upper plate of the left box and the right box are taken down firstly, the same is true, the rear plate, the left plate and the right plate are also arranged, after the middle plate and the upper plate are taken down, the two ends of the tunnel model are respectively placed on the left tunnel hole of the left box and the right tunnel hole of the right box, then the model box is filled with soil and compacted, and the part of the tunnel model, which is not attached to the tunnel hole, is filled with soil and compacted. And then reloading the middle plates and the upper plates.
If the tunnel model size and the tunnel portal are matched, the middle plate and the upper plate do not need to be disassembled.
2. And moving the left box and the right box left and right on the track to enable the distance between the left box and the right box to reach the set fault width, respectively adjusting each vertical loading component of the left box and the right box, adjusting the inclination angles of the left box and the right box, measuring whether the inclination angles meet the preset fault inclination angle through an inclination angle measuring instrument, and continuously adjusting the corresponding vertical loading components to enable the inclination angles to reach the preset fault inclination angle.
3. And adjusting each horizontal hydraulic jack to enable the left box and the right box to slowly move back and forth so as to simulate the change of the tunnel stress characteristics under the slow fault movement, monitoring the fault movement quantity by using a displacement sensor, monitoring the stress by using a load sensor, and recording each data so as to finish the subsequent experimental analysis.
The acting force and displacement of the horizontal hydraulic jack to the left box and the right box can be fed back and adjusted in real time through the monitoring of the load sensor and the displacement sensor.
4. And (3) changing the preset fault width and the preset inclination angle for a plurality of times, and repeating the steps 2-3 for a plurality of times, so that the accuracy of the result is improved.
Claims (2)
1. The experimental device for simulating the tunnel stress characteristics at the fault is characterized by comprising a base (13) and a track (12) arranged on the base (13), wherein a hollow left box (221) and a hollow right box (222) are axially symmetrically arranged on the base (13), and the left box (221) and the right box (222) can move on the base (13); the left box (221) comprises a front plate, a rear plate, a left plate, a right plate and a bottom plate which are mutually spliced, wherein the front plate and the rear plate are symmetrically arranged, and the left plate and the right plate are symmetrically arranged; the front plate comprises a front lower plate and a front middle plate, and the front lower plate and the front middle plate can be spliced into a seamless plate surface; the left plate comprises a left lower plate and a left middle plate which are spliced, and the left lower plate and the left middle plate form a tunnel portal for the tunnel model to pass through; the left box (221) further comprises a front supporting plate and a rear supporting plate which are symmetrically arranged, the front lower plate is connected with the rear end of the horizontal hydraulic jack, the front end of the horizontal hydraulic jack is connected with the front supporting plate, and the left box (221) can move forwards and backwards under the action of the horizontal hydraulic jack; the bottom plate is connected with the horizontal supporting plate through the vertical loading component, a pulley capable of sliding along the track (12) is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal supporting plate, the left box can move left and right under the action of the vertical loading component, and the inclination angle of the left box can be adjusted under the action of the vertical loading component;
the left box is also provided with a displacement sensor and an inclination angle measuring instrument;
the number of the vertical loading parts is 4, and the vertical loading parts are respectively arranged in the front, back, left and right directions of the bottom plate;
the left box is also provided with a load sensor;
a gasket (41) is arranged around the periphery of the tunnel portal;
the front plate further comprises a front upper plate spliced with the front middle plate, the left plate further comprises a left upper plate spliced with the left middle plate, the top of the left upper plate and the top of the front upper plate are on the same horizontal plane, the front upper plate is connected with the left upper plate, and the rear plate and the right plate are arranged in the same way;
rectangular plates are adopted for the front left lower plate, the front right lower plate, the front left middle plate, the front right middle plate, the front support plate and the rear support plate;
the experimental method for simulating the tunnel stress characteristics at the fault of the device comprises the following steps:
A. placing a tunnel model, respectively placing two ends of the tunnel model on a left tunnel hole of a left box and a right tunnel hole of a right box, filling and compacting soil in the left box and the right box, and compacting partial filling soil of which the tunnel model is not attached to the tunnel hole;
B. moving the left box and the right box left and right on the track to enable the distance between the left box and the right box to reach the set fault width, respectively adjusting each vertical loading component of the left box and the right box, adjusting the inclination angles of the left box and the right box, measuring whether the inclination angles meet the preset fault inclination angle through an inclination angle measuring instrument, and continuously adjusting the corresponding vertical loading components to enable the inclination angles to reach the preset fault inclination angle;
C. and adjusting each horizontal hydraulic jack to enable the left box and the right box to slowly move back and forth so as to simulate the change of the tunnel stress characteristics under the slow fault movement, monitoring the fault movement quantity by using a displacement sensor, monitoring the stress by using a load sensor, and recording each data so as to finish the subsequent experimental analysis.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein steps B-C are repeated by varying each of the predetermined fault widths and dip angles.
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| CN112113816B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-06-20 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Destructive testing device for simulating tunnel to pass through multi-dip angle sliding fault |
| CN114137184A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-04 | 长安大学 | Walking and inclining mode simulation test device with variable active fault inclination angle and working method |
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