CN107144461A - Simulate the experimental provision and method of tunnel stress characteristics at tomography - Google Patents
Simulate the experimental provision and method of tunnel stress characteristics at tomography Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144461A CN107144461A CN201710543534.2A CN201710543534A CN107144461A CN 107144461 A CN107144461 A CN 107144461A CN 201710543534 A CN201710543534 A CN 201710543534A CN 107144461 A CN107144461 A CN 107144461A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
Abstract
Simulate the experimental provision of tunnel stress characteristics at tomography, belong to the experimental provision of stress characteristics when simulation tunnel passes through tomography, including pedestal and track, axial symmetry is provided with left case and right case on pedestal, left case and right case can be movable on pedestal, left case includes the foreboard mutually spliced, back plate, left plate, right panel and bottom plate, front and rear panels are symmetrical arranged, left plate and right panel are symmetrical arranged, foreboard includes preceding lower plate and preceding middle plate, preceding lower plate and preceding middle plate can be spliced into seamless plate face, left plate includes the lower-left plate and left plate mutually spliced, the tunnel portal that lower-left plate and left plate shape are passed through into confession tunnel model, left case also includes symmetrically arranged front end panel and rear bearing sheet, preceding lower plate is connected with the rear end of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack, the front end of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack is connected with front end panel；Bottom plate is connected by Vertical loading part with horizontal supporting plate, and horizontal supporting plate bottom is provided with the pulley that can be slid along the track, it is adaptable to measure tomography tunnel stress characteristics nearby.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical analysis technical field, stress characteristics when passing through tomography more particularly, to a kind of simulation tunnel
Experimental provision and method.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's transport development, some tunnels inevitably pass through living disconnected in its construction process
Layer, and pass through the tunnel of tomography be highly prone at tomography destruction.In order to improve tunnel safety, it is necessary to by model experiment mould
Intend determining influence of the tomography to tunnel stress characteristics, and this operation is extremely difficult.In the prior art, conventional method is such as
Under：(1) simulated by large-scale experiment equipment such as special large scale equipment such as shake tables, (2) pass through small-scale faults changing of the relative positions tunnel
Bath scaled model experimental device is simulated.However, the former occupation area of equipment is big, laboratory apparatus complex operation is not easy to operation；Afterwards
The precision of person is not high, it is difficult to tunnel stress characteristics and deformation at accurate simulation tomography.Therefore, a kind of convenient and practical simulation is needed badly
The experimental provision and method of tunnel stress characteristics at tomography, are easy to operate and be favorably improved operating efficiency.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be in order to overcome the operation inconvenience of existing equipment, the not high shortcoming of precision,
A kind of experimental provision and method for simulating tunnel stress characteristics at tomography is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Simulate the experiment dress of tunnel stress characteristics at tomography
Put, including pedestal and the track that is laid on pedestal, axial symmetry is provided with left case and right case on pedestal, and left case and right case can
Movable on pedestal, left case includes foreboard, back plate, left plate, right panel and the bottom plate mutually spliced, and front and rear panels are symmetrical arranged,
Left plate and right panel are symmetrical arranged, and foreboard includes preceding lower plate and preceding middle plate, and preceding lower plate and preceding middle plate can be spliced into seamless plate face,
Left plate includes the lower-left plate and left plate mutually spliced, and lower-left plate and left plate shape are left into the tunnel portal passed through for tunnel model
Case also includes symmetrically arranged front end panel and rear bearing sheet, and preceding lower plate is connected with the rear end of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack, horizontal liquid
The front end of pressure jack is connected with front end panel, and left case can be moved forward and backward in the presence of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack；Bottom plate leads to
Cross Vertical loading part with horizontal supporting plate to be connected, horizontal supporting plate bottom is provided with the pulley that can be horizontally slipped along track,
Left case can be moved left and right in the presence of Vertical loading part.
Further, displacement transducer and dipmeter are additionally provided with left case.
Specifically, the number of Vertical loading part is 4, bottom base plate front, rear, left and right four direction is separately positioned on
On.
Further, it is additionally provided with load sensor on left case.
Further, tunnel portal periphery is provided with pad.
It is preferred that, foreboard also includes the preceding upper plate with preceding middle plate splicing, and left plate also includes the upper left mutually spliced with left plate
At the top of plate, upper left plate with preceding upper plate top in same level, preceding upper plate is connected with upper left plate, similarly, back plate and right panel
Similarly set.
Further, plate, front end panel and rear bearing sheet are all used in plate, front right in front left lower plate, front right lower plate, front left
Rectangular slab.
The present invention solves another technical scheme for being used of its technical problem：At simulation tomography based on device as above
The experimental method of tunnel stress characteristics, comprises the following steps：
A. tunnel model is placed, and causes its two ends to be individually positioned in the tunnel portal in the left side of left case and the right side of right case
Tunnel portal on, banketed in left case and right case and densification, and tunnel model is banketed with the part that tunnel portal is not fitted
Compacting；
B. left case and right case are moved left and right in orbit, make therebetween distance reach the tomography width of setting, then distinguish
Each Vertical loading part of left case and right case is adjusted, the inclination angle of left case and right case is adjusted, inclination angle is measured by dipmeter
Default co-hade whether is met, and constantly adjusts corresponding Vertical loading part so that inclination angle reaches that default tomography inclines
Angle；
C. each horizontal hydraulic pressure jack is adjusted, makes left case with slowly being moved before and after right case, to simulate the slow changing of the relative positions of tomography
The change of lower tunnel stress characteristics, and changing of the relative positions amount is monitored using displacement transducer, while big using load sensor monitor stress
It is small, each data are recorded to complete follow-up experimental analysis.
Specifically, changing each default tomography width and inclination angle, repeat step B-C.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Compact structure, is easily installed, it is easy to operate, and can be on pedestal all around
Four direction activity, independently can accurately adjust displacement and inclination angle, can be right using displacement transducer and dipmeter
Displacement and inclination angle carry out quantitative analysis, to simulate the combined situation of various tomography width, co-hade, improve result accurate
Degree and reliability.The present invention is used to measure tomography tunnel stress characteristics nearby.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the top view of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the rearview of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the left view of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the right view of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of horizontal hydraulic jack main unit in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of lower plate and preceding middle plate before embodiment；
Wherein, 12 be track, and 13 be pedestal, and 221 be left case, and 222 be right case, and 111 be upper plate before left case, and 112 be left case
Preceding middle plate, 113 be lower plate before left case, and 121 be upper plate before right case, and 122 be middle plate before right case, and 123 be lower plate before right case, and 131 are
Left case rear upper plate, 132 be middle plate after left case, and 133 be left case rear lower plate, and 141 be right case rear upper plate, and 142 be middle plate after right case,
143 be right case rear lower plate, and 151 be left case upper left plate, and 152 be the left plate of left case, and 153 be left case lower-left plate, and 161 be right case upper right
Plate, 162 be plate in the right case right side, and 163 be right case bottom right plate, and 231 be left bottom plate, and 232 be right bottom plate, and 251 be left case upper right
Plate, 252 be plate in the left case right side, and 253 be left case bottom right plate, and 261 be right case upper left plate, and 262 be the left plate of right case, and 263 be right case
Lower-left plate, 51 be left case rear bearing sheet, and 52 be left case front end panel, and 53 be right case rear bearing sheet, and 54 be right case front end panel, 61
It is right case load sensor for left case load sensor, 62,71 be left case displacement transducer, and 72 be right case displacement transducer, 191
It is right case dipmeter for left case dipmeter, 192,81 be left the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of case jack, and 82 be left case first
Horizontal hydraulic pressure jack, 83 be right the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of case jack, and 84 be right case first level hydraulic jack, and 21 be level
Hydraulic jack main unit, 91 be left side Vertical loading part after left case, and 92 be left side Vertical loading part before left case, and 93 are
Right side Vertical loading part after left case, 94 be right side Vertical loading part before left case, and 95 be left side Vertical loading part after right case,
96 be left side Vertical loading part before right case, and 97 be right side Vertical loading part after right case, and 98 be right side Vertical loading before right case
Part, 172 tunnel portals, 41 be pad, and 201 be rear hydraulic mount, and 202 be preceding hydraulic mount, and 181 be high-strength bolt, and 24 are
Hinged-support, 101 be left case horizontal supporting plate, and 102 be right case horizontal supporting plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-5, the experimental provision of stress characteristics when simulation tunnel of the invention passes through tomography, including pedestal 13 with
And be laid in axial symmetry on the track 12 on pedestal 13, pedestal 13 and be provided with hollow left case 221 and right case 222, the left He of case 221
Right case 222 can all around moving along pedestal independence.
For the ease of distinguishing, in this example, the structure of left case 221 and right case 222 is specifically described.Specifically, in left case
Add left case before part, right case is added before right box part, in order to distinguish.
Left case 221 includes left case foreboard, left case back plate, left case left plate, left case right panel and the left bottom plate mutually spliced, left
Case foreboard, left case back plate, left case left plate, left case right panel and left bottom plate are surrounded by hollow and half-headed cavity, left case foreboard
It is symmetrical arranged with left case back plate, left case left plate and left case right panel are symmetrical arranged, and asymmetric can also be set, it is contemplated that device
In balance and experiment effect, preferably it is symmetrical arranged.
Before plate 112 during the foreboard of left case 221 is included before left case before lower plate 113 and left case, left case before lower plate 113 and left case in
Plate 112 can be spliced into seamless plate face with clamping or other modes splicing.Before left case before lower plate 113 and left case in the knot of plate 112
Structure schematic diagram is as shown in fig. 7, the top of lower plate is provided with plush copper before left case, and middle plate bottom is provided with and plush copper before left case
The groove matched somebody with somebody, can so be fixedly connected between left front lower plate and left front middle plate, other plates can also use similar splicing side
Formula.
The left plate of left case 221 includes left case lower-left plate 153 and the left plate 152 of left case, and left case lower-left plate 153 and left case are left
The tunnel portal that the formation of plate 152 is passed through for tunnel model, specifically, the groove of left case lower-left plate 153 and the left plate 152 of left case
Shape i.e. tunnel portal 172 needed for part can constitute tunnel cross-section.
In after plate 132 during the back plate of left case 221 is included after left case rear lower plate 133 and left case, left case rear lower plate 133 and left case
The splicing of plate 132 can be spliced into seamless plate face.The right panel of left case 221 includes plate 252 in left case bottom right plate 253 and the left case right side,
The tunnel portal 172 that the formation of plate 252 is passed through for tunnel model during left case bottom right plate 253 and left case are right.
Can also be increased according to buried depth situation before upper plate 111, left case upper left plate 151 before left case, left case upper plate 111 with before left case
Middle plate 112 mutually splices, and left case upper left plate 151 mutually splices with the left plate of left case 152.Similarly, left case back plate and left case right panel are also same
Sample is set, i.e., left case back plate also include with after left case in the left case rear upper plate 131 that mutually splices of plate 132, left case right panel also include with
The left case upper right plate 251 that plate 252 mutually splices during left case is right.Each above-mentioned upper plate mutually splices, and top is in same level
On.
Left case 221 also includes symmetrically arranged left case front end panel 52 and left case rear bearing sheet 51, left case front end panel 52
All it is connected with left case rear bearing sheet 51 with substrate, lower plate 113 passes through high-strength bolt 181 and a left side with preceding hydraulic mount 202 before left case
The rear end of case first level hydraulic jack 82 is connected, front end and the rear hydraulic mount of left case first level hydraulic jack 82
201 are connected by high-strength bolt 181 with left case front end panel 52.Because back plate and front board structure are symmetrical, left case rear lower plate 133 with
Preceding hydraulic mount 202 is connected by high-strength bolt 181 with the front end of left the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of case jack 81, the left level of case second
The rear end of hydraulic jack 81 is connected with rear hydraulic mount 201 by high-strength bolt 181 with left case rear bearing sheet 51.Horizontal hydraulic pressure
The structure of jack main unit such as Fig. 6, the main unit of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack is that horizontal hydraulic pressure jack removes displacement biography
The part of sensor and load sensor, horizontal hydraulic pressure jack includes first level hydraulic jack 82, the horizontal liquid of left case second
Press jack 81 and right case first level hydraulic jack 84, the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of right case jack 83.Left case can be first
In the presence of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack 82, the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of left case jack 81 move forward and backward, herein before and after be and track
Vertical direction.
The underrun hinged-support 24 of left bottom plate 231 respectively with left side Vertical loading part 92, left case rear left before left case
The upper end of right side Vertical loading part 93 is connected after right side Vertical loading part 94, left case before side Vertical loading part 91, left case,
The bottom of foregoing four Vertical loading parts is connected with left case horizontal supporting plate 101 respectively, and the left bottom of case horizontal supporting plate 101 is set
Pulley is equipped with, the track 12 that pulley can be laid along along pedestal horizontally slips to adjust the width of tomography.Vertically add above-mentioned
The inclination angle of left case is can adjust in the presence of load part.Each supporting plate and Vertical loading part are laid on pedestal.
Right case 222 includes right case foreboard, right case back plate, right case left plate, right case right panel and the right bottom plate mutually spliced, right
Case foreboard, right case back plate, right case left plate, right case right panel and right bottom plate are surrounded by hollow and half-headed cavity, right case foreboard
It is symmetrical arranged with right case back plate, right case left plate and right case right panel are symmetrical arranged, and asymmetric can also be set, it is contemplated that device
In balance and experiment effect, preferably it is symmetrical arranged.
Before plate 122 during the foreboard of right case 222 is included before right case before lower plate 123 and right case, right case before lower plate 123 and right case in
Plate 122 can be spliced into seamless plate face with clamping or other modes splicing.The foreboard of the similar left case of its connecting method.Right case
222 left plate includes right case lower-left plate 263 and the left plate 262 of right case, and right case lower-left plate 263 and the left formation of plate 262 of right case are supplied
The tunnel portal that tunnel model is passed through.Under after plate 142 during the back plate of right case 222 is included after right case rear lower plate 143 and right case, right case
The splicing of plate 132 can be spliced into seamless plate face in after plate 133 and right case.The right panel of right case includes right case bottom right plate 163 and the right side
The tunnel portal 172 that the formation of plate 162 is passed through for tunnel model during plate 162 during case is right, right case bottom right plate 163 and right case are right.
Can also be increased according to buried depth situation before upper plate 121, right case upper left plate 261 before right case, right case upper plate 121 with before right case
Middle plate 122 mutually splices, and right case upper left plate 261 mutually splices with the left plate of right case 262.Similarly, right case back plate and right case right panel are also same
Sample is set, i.e., right case back plate also include with after right case in the right case rear upper plate 141 that mutually splices of plate 142, right case right panel also include with
The right case upper right plate 161 that plate 162 mutually splices during right case is right.Each above-mentioned upper plate mutually splices, and top is in same level
On.
Right case 222 also includes symmetrically arranged right case front end panel 54 and right case rear bearing sheet 53, right case front end panel 54
All it is connected with right case rear bearing sheet 53 with substrate.Lower plate 123 passes through high-strength bolt 181 and the right side with preceding hydraulic mount 202 before right case
The rear end of case first level hydraulic jack 84 is connected, the right front end of case first level hydraulic jack 84 and rear hydraulic mount 201
It is connected by high-strength bolt 181 with right case front end panel 54.Because back plate and front board structure are symmetrical, right case rear lower plate 143 is with before
Hydraulic mount 202 is connected by high-strength bolt 181 with the front end of right the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of case jack 83, the horizontal liquid of right case second
The rear end of pressure jack 83 is connected with rear hydraulic mount 201 by high-strength bolt 181 with right case rear bearing sheet 53.Right case can be on the right side
Moved forward and backward in the presence of case first level hydraulic jack 84, the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of right case jack 83.
The bottom surface of right bottom plate 232 passes through right side Vertical loading part 98, right case rear right before hinged-support 24 and right case respectively
The upper end of left side Vertical loading part 95 is connected after left side Vertical loading part 96, right case before side Vertical loading part 97, right case,
The bottom of foregoing four Vertical loading parts is connected with right case horizontal supporting plate 102 respectively, and the right bottom of case horizontal supporting plate 102 is set
Pulley is equipped with, the track 12 that pulley can be laid along along pedestal horizontally slips to adjust the width of tomography.Vertically add above-mentioned
The inclination angle of right case is can adjust in the presence of load part.
One or many in displacement transducer, dipmeter, load sensor can also be all set on left case, right case
It is individual.Its position can choose at random, but in order to improve measurement accuracy rate, can be set as follows：
Respectively be laid with displacement transducer on left case, right case, left case and right case can along pedestal independence shifting all around
It is dynamic, and its displacement is read by displacement transducer.Specifically, left case, any position on right case can be separately positioned on
Put place, it is preferred that left case displacement transducer 71 is laid with the left top of case first level hydraulic jack 82, in the right water of case first
The flat top of hydraulic jack 84 is laid with right case displacement transducer 72, and it is to be based on horizontal hydraulic pressure jack horizontal stable to be arranged such
Property, horizontal displacement will not be produced, improves what accuracy of measurement considered.
Load sensor is also respectively laid with left case, the horizontal hydraulic pressure jack of right case, load sensor is used to monitor
Horizontal hydraulic pressure jack acts on the power of left case and right case, specifically, is set on left the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of case jack 81
There is left case load sensor 61, right case load sensor 62 is provided with right the second horizontal hydraulic pressure of case jack.Left case with
Also distribution is provided with left case dipmeter 191 and right case dipmeter 192 on right case, in the presence of Vertical loading part
The inclination angle of left case or right case can independently be adjusted, and its inclination angle size is read by obliquity sensor, with simulate various tomography width,
The combined situation of co-hade.By the distance between default tomography width, the left case 221 of Inclination maneuver, right case 222 and its when using
Inclination angle, makes it meet requirement of experiment.
It is provided with the preferable pad 41 of rigidity to prevent tunnel in experimentation around tunnel portal periphery at tunnel portal 172
Road model contacted with tunnel portal it is bad cause at this tunnel model deformation unfettered, reliability and the measurement for improving device are accurate
True rate.
In view of balancing and realizing effect, each above-mentioned plate all uses rectangular slab.
The experimental method of stress characteristics, comprises the following steps when simulation tunnel based on device as above passes through tomography：
1. first removing the preceding middle plate and preceding upper plate of left case and right case, similarly, back plate, left plate, right panel are similarly set, and wait to take
Lower plate in each is with after upper plate, the two ends of tunnel model to be individually positioned in the left tunnel portal of left case and the right Tunnel of right case
On mouth, then banket in model casing and densification, and the part fill compaction that tunnel model and tunnel portal are not fitted.Then will
Plate is reloaded up with upper plate in each.
If tunnel model size and tunnel portal matching, need not dismantle plate and upper plate in each.
2. move left and right left case and right case in orbit, make therebetween distance reach the tomography width of setting, then distinguish
Each Vertical loading part of left case and right case is adjusted, the inclination angle of left case and right case is adjusted, inclination angle is measured by dipmeter
Default co-hade whether is met, and constantly adjusts corresponding Vertical loading part so that inclination angle reaches that default tomography inclines
Angle.
3. adjusting each horizontal hydraulic pressure jack, make left case with slowly being moved before and after right case, to simulate the slow changing of the relative positions of tomography
The change of lower tunnel stress characteristics, and changing of the relative positions amount is monitored using displacement transducer, while big using load sensor monitor stress
It is small, each data are recorded to complete follow-up experimental analysis.
By the monitoring of load sensor and displacement transducer can Real-time Feedback adjust the left case of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack pair with
The active force of right case and displacement.
4. each default tomography width and inclination angle is varied multiple times, step 2-3 is repeated several times, result accuracy rate is improved.
Claims (9)
1. simulate the experimental provision of tunnel stress characteristics at tomography, it is characterised in that including pedestal (13) and be laid in pedestal
(13) axial symmetry is provided with hollow left case (221) and right case (222) on the track (12) on, pedestal (13), left case (221) and
Right case (222) can be movable on pedestal (13)；
Left case (221) includes foreboard, back plate, left plate, right panel and the bottom plate mutually spliced, and front and rear panels are symmetrical arranged, left plate
It is symmetrical arranged with right panel；Foreboard includes preceding lower plate and preceding middle plate, and preceding lower plate and preceding middle plate can be spliced into seamless plate face；Left plate
Including the lower-left plate and left plate mutually spliced, the tunnel portal that lower-left plate and left plate shape are passed through into confession tunnel model；
Left case (221) also includes symmetrically arranged front end panel and rear bearing sheet, preceding lower plate and the rear end of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack
It is connected, the front end of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack is connected with front end panel, and left case (221) can in the presence of horizontal hydraulic pressure jack
It is movable；
Bottom plate is connected by Vertical loading part with horizontal supporting plate, and horizontal supporting plate bottom is provided with can be sliding along track (12)
Dynamic pulley, left case can be moved left and right in the presence of Vertical loading part, and adjustable in the presence of Vertical loading part
The inclination angle of whole left case.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that displacement transducer and dipmeter are additionally provided with left case.
3. device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the number of Vertical loading part is 4, is separately positioned on bottom plate
On the four direction of bottom front, rear, left and right.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with load sensor on left case.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that tunnel portal periphery is provided with pad (41).
6. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that foreboard also includes the preceding upper plate with preceding middle plate splicing, and left plate is also
Including the upper left plate mutually spliced with left plate, upper left plate top and preceding upper plate top are in same level, preceding upper plate and upper left
Plate is connected, similarly, and back plate is similarly set with right panel.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that plate in plate, front right in front left lower plate, front right lower plate, front left, preceding
Supporting plate and rear bearing sheet all use rectangular slab.
8. the experimental method of tunnel stress characteristics at the simulation tomography based on the device as described in claim 1 to 7 any one,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
A. tunnel model is placed, and causes its two ends to be individually positioned in the tunnel on the tunnel portal in the left side of left case and the right side of right case
On road hole, banketed in left case and right case and densification, and the part fill compaction that tunnel model and tunnel portal are not fitted；
B. left case and right case are moved left and right in orbit, make therebetween distance reach the tomography width of setting, then adjust respectively
Each Vertical loading part of left case and right case, adjusts the inclination angle of left case and right case, and whether inclination angle is measured by dipmeter
Default co-hade is met, and constantly adjusts corresponding Vertical loading part so that inclination angle reaches default co-hade；
C. each horizontal hydraulic pressure jack is adjusted, makes left case with slowly being moved before and after right case, to simulate tunnel under the slow changing of the relative positions of tomography
The change of road stress characteristics, and changing of the relative positions amount is monitored using displacement transducer, while utilizing load sensor monitor stress size, note
Each data are recorded to complete follow-up experimental analysis.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that change each default tomography width and inclination angle, repeat step
B-C。
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