CN107142003A - 一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107142003A
CN107142003A CN201710541107.0A CN201710541107A CN107142003A CN 107142003 A CN107142003 A CN 107142003A CN 201710541107 A CN201710541107 A CN 201710541107A CN 107142003 A CN107142003 A CN 107142003A
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高瑾
吴德权
李晓刚
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Abstract

一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法。涂料体系由双组分厚浆型涂料及涂装前配套的预处理剂两个部分组成。厚浆型涂料由A组分和B组分混合而成。A组分含100份低分子量改性预聚体、30‑50份复合防锈填料、1‑3份功能助剂;B组分由固化剂,防锈填料组成。预处理剂为多官能团偶联剂水解而成。用无水乙醇按5‑10倍体积比稀释预处理剂,刷涂或喷涂于金属基材表面后,再刷涂或喷涂本发明涂料。涂料体系成膜后具有高拉伸强度及高伸长率,对金属基材附着良好,并可手工剥离;涂料体系施工便捷,具备优良的腐蚀介质屏蔽性能,中性盐雾试验及紫外老化加速试验可达1000小时以上。用于易形成缝隙腐蚀、电偶腐蚀的钢结构缝隙、搭接件、紧固件等连接部位的腐蚀增强防护。

Description

一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法
技术领域:
本发明属于金属防腐蚀技术领域,适用于连接处的局部腐蚀防护,尤其涉及一种厚浆型份可剥离增强防护涂料体系制备。
背景技术:
连接部位是工程中的腐蚀易发部位。桥梁、石油管道、输电铁塔、机械装备等工程设施中存在大量螺栓紧固件、焊接件、铆钉铆接件等连接部位,这些部位的工件形状、材料、受力通常与主体部位不同,存在大量的锐角和缝隙、存在焊接热影响区、长期处于应力状态等,同时又是涂装施工保护的薄弱环节;因此连接部位非常容易产生缝隙腐蚀、电偶腐蚀、应力腐蚀等;多种腐蚀因素的耦合作用,导致连接部位腐蚀加速。连接部位是工程中腐蚀防护的短板,需要重点防护。
连接处常因为磨损、维护安装、移动等,在服役期间多次拆装。在连接处涂装永久性增强涂料,拆装困难。因此开发一种易于剥离的、施工方便、防护性能优异的增强涂料,将满足苛刻腐蚀环境下钢结构设施长效安丘服役的需求。
连接部位的腐蚀防护容易被忽视,需要一种区别于主体工程的增强防护涂层。连接部位通常存在异形紧固件、大量尖角,涂装困难,易产生涂层缺陷。然而工程设计师很少能考虑到连接部位的腐蚀问题而采取预防措施,通常与主体工程使用同一种涂装体系,连接部位的特殊微环境、特殊腐蚀机制、特殊防护方法并未得到重视。在服役维护过程中,连接部位是拆装频繁部位,拆卸前,需要剥除连接部位的防护涂层。拆卸后又需要重新对这些连接部位涂覆涂层防护,其防护性能难以达到主体部位的防护状态,这一防护薄弱部位给整体钢结构设施的安全服役带来了极大的隐患。局部连接部位功能重要,服役过程中又易腐蚀,在工程维护中容易被忽视,拆装频繁涂层回复性能差,因此连接部位是钢结构、施工平台、大型设备等工程中的防护薄弱项。
目前,尚未有相关技术资料明确提出对连接部位的重点防护。而工程作业急需一种解决局部连接部位的腐蚀防护技术,开发一种区别于主体工程,而专门针对局部连接部位的新型防护涂层。开发局部连接部位专用的防护涂料,其核心技术难点在于控制涂料与基材间的附着力,使涂层能较好屏蔽腐蚀环境对基材的侵蚀,另一方面,又可以通过人工将涂层便捷剥离。同时,连接处局部防护涂料还需要抗划伤、抗迁移撕裂等功能。
目前,可用于局部防护的相关技术产品如热缩套管、剥离涂料、密封胶、粘弹包覆材料等,都存在一定的缺陷,不能较好满足连接部位特殊防护需求。如热缩套管受到连接部位的形状限制,并且容易被包裹基材表面毛刺棱角刺穿,更重要的是套管与基材表面因加热不均匀存在较大缝隙,反而形成缝隙腐蚀;可剥离涂料一般用于彩涂钢板、电器设备、零件等在贮存运输过程中的表面临时防护,能隔离环境侵蚀、防擦伤和防划痕,又可方便地剥去。但是可剥离涂料存在附着差、防护寿命短等缺点,尤其用于苛刻腐蚀环境的户外钢结构防护效果极差。目前可剥离涂料方面的专利繁多,如CN201210299750.4、CN200710104089.6、CN201210011093.9等,但是都不具备厚浆涂膜的功能,没有优异的腐蚀防护功能。密封胶胶层厚,能有效阻隔环境介质的渗透。如我国某大桥即采用液态弹性聚硫密封胶对钢塔肋板缝、注浆孔外端口、塔顶盖板等处密封,但是密封胶仅适用于缝隙防护,并且可剥离性能差,不适合可拆卸部位的长期服役寿命的防护需求。填充粘弹材料、防腐蚀膏等包覆技术可以控制防护层厚度,有效阻隔异型结构处的腐蚀,作为新型增强防护技术逐渐得到应用,可用于大面积异形的连接部位,但是不具备剥离功能,同时价格昂贵,施工复杂。美国OXIFREE公司开发出一种螺栓用包覆防护材料,包覆层厚度达2-3mm。美国VISCOAT公司也开发出一种低假可塑性和低表面张力的特点粘弹材料,中科院海洋研究所开发出复层矿脂包覆技术等等,这些新型包覆防护方法一般是通过膏体渗入不规则结构中进行填补,并且塑造平滑的外型,胶带用于缠绕防腐,以达到完全保护的效果。包覆体材料一般用于海洋平台、油气管道或重要军事工程,需要较为开阔的施工场地,涂装工艺复杂,成本高昂。对于连接处的小零件包覆防护,这种防护方法施工困难,成本较高。综上所述,现有技术方法存在的问题是:已有防护技术不能同时兼具良好可剥离性、防护性能、连接部位适应性、便捷施工、成本低等优势,因此亟待需要开发一种新型,适用于连接部位的高性能腐蚀防护方法。
本发明提出将局部连接部位这种易腐蚀、常拆装、微振动、多异形的特殊工况环境区别于主体工程,进行重点防护。本发明基于对连接部位长期服役的腐蚀防护分析研究,基于高分子设计、功能复合体系的优化设计制备了用于连接部位的防护涂料体系,包括高性能的厚浆涂料及配套基材预处理剂。涂料选取改性聚氨酯树脂体系,通过改性设计成膜物中分子链段的软硬段比例,得到高官能度、高反应活性、低粘度的预聚体,使涂层链段交联增加同时保持高挠性,内聚强度显著提升,满足剥离时高应力的需求。通过在金属基材表面涂覆预处理剂,增强涂层与金属基材的附着力。同时,该涂料体系附着力与可剥离性达到良好的平衡,防护服役期间,涂层牢固附着于基材表面,屏蔽环境介质对金属的侵蚀。通过控制树脂粘度平衡涂料填缝流动性与厚浆流挂性能,涂料可包覆于异形件外形成厚浆膜层,有效阻隔环境介质对基材的侵蚀。涂层优异的弹性可抵抗震动、微小迁移工况环境下的附着失效。需要拆装时,可用刀具划开涂层,手动剥除涂层。该涂层制备工艺简单,成本低,施工便捷,对于工程连接件的防护具有巨大价值。
发明内容
本发明开发一种厚浆型、高弹性、可剥离增强防护涂料体系,尤其适用于缝隙、紧固部位、拆卸部位等连接处的腐蚀防护。
一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于由双组份厚浆型无溶剂涂料及配套预处理剂组成;双组份厚浆型无溶剂涂料A组分为100份的改性预聚体,1~3份助剂(1-2份硅烷消泡剂、1-3份端氨基偶联剂),30-50份复合防锈填料;B组分的成分为:取100份MDI固化剂,10-20份复合防锈填料;A、B组分按照质量比1:1混合;涂装前,稀释预处理剂喷涂于基材表面。
进一步的,组分A的制备方法是:称取100份所制备的改性预聚体和1~3份助剂,搅拌同时缓慢加入已经混合均匀的复合防锈填料30-50份。行星搅拌机中充分混合搅拌1-2h,直至填料与液体树脂充分接触,呈糊状。
组分B的制备方法是:称取100份MDI,搅拌同时向其中缓慢加入已经制备的复合防锈填料30-40份,行星搅拌机中匀速搅拌1-2h,直至填料与液体充分混合接触。
进一步的,A组分中所述助剂由1-2份硅烷消泡剂、1-3份偶联剂组成。
进一步的,偶联剂优选为端氨基型硅烷偶联剂,通过水解产生氨基基团包覆填料、金属基材,改善无机表面浸润性。
进一步的,A、B组分中所述复合防锈填料的制备方法为:三聚磷酸铝、氧化锌、锌粉、锌铬黄、铬酸锌、玻璃鳞片锌粉中按照比例1:0.2-0.3:0.3-0.4:0.4-1:0.4-1:0.3-0.1混合均匀,70-80℃烘干,得到复合防锈填料。
实现涂料抑制锈层生长、多重屏蔽、长效防腐、高固体份厚浆成膜的功能。
进一步的,其中三聚磷酸铝、氧化锌、锌铬黄、铬酸锌粒径优选为800目,锌粉优选为1500目球状锌粉,玻璃鳞片优选为600目粒径。复合填料实现涂料抑制锈层生长、多重屏蔽、长效防腐、高固体份厚浆成膜的功能。
进一步的,涂料A组分所述改性预聚体的制备方法是,通过分子软硬段设计,计算低粘度异氰酸酯中-NCO、多元醇羟基-OH、多元胺氨基-NH2按照摩尔比为2:1-2:1-1.2匹配,原料经过真空脱泡后,在反应釜中50-80℃聚合反应2-4h;制备的预聚体羟基值30-60mgKOH/g,粘度500-2000cp,保证了成膜物的高强度及剥离弹性。
其中,改性预聚体为低分子量型端羟基预聚体,相比于传统预聚体选用聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇作为成膜树脂,该预聚体选用异氰酸酯-NCO、多元醇羟基-OH、多元胺-NH2等聚合物,使得合成预聚体粘度低,同时具备高官能度。通过分子链段软硬段配比计算,按照摩尔比2:1-2:1-1.2配比,得到预聚体具有高活性端羟基,使得涂料体系具备良好强度与弹性。其中异氰酸酯优选为粘度2000-4000cp脂肪族二异氰酸酯,多元醇优选为官能度3-4、粘度200-2000cp的聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇的一种或多种。在50-80℃真空搅拌2-4h,制备得到。
进一步的,所述预处理剂含有大量的羟基和氨基,对金属基材表面具有极高的浸润性并可与涂料中异氰酸酯反应来调节涂料的附着力及可剥离性;预处理剂的制备方法为取1-2份端氨基偶联剂,4-5份的无水乙醇,1-2份去离子水混合,向无水乙醇中加入偶联剂充分搅拌,待混合充分均匀后,边搅拌边缓慢滴入去离子水,充分搅拌,直至出现大量白色沉淀,停止搅拌,静置沉淀完全溶解后,溶液呈透明无色,即水解完成,制备好预处理剂。
本发明制备涂层的施工方法:
实际施工时,用无水乙醇以5-10倍体积比稀释预处理剂,喷涂于需要防护部位,等待表干。双组份聚氨酯涂料A、B组分按照1:1混合,搅拌均匀,熟化10-20min。将熟化涂料涂装于已预处理表面。涂装厚度可达2-3mm。
涂层服役过程中,起到良好腐蚀介质屏蔽作用。当连接部位需要拆卸时,使用美工刀划开涂层,即可徒手撕开,剥离维护部位的涂层。
本发明所述涂料体系成膜后具有高拉伸强度及高伸长率,对金属基材附着良好,并可手工剥离。涂膜具备优良的腐蚀介质屏蔽性能,中性盐雾试验及紫外老化加速试验可达1000小时以上。该涂料体系施工便捷,防护性能优异。
具体实施方案:
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步说明,但不能作为对本发明的限定。
实施方案一:
制备A组分:
取脂肪族二异氰酸酯360g、聚醚多元醇280g、聚醚多元胺160g放入反应釜,经过1-1.5h真空脱泡后,充氮气保护气,在温度80℃,混合搅拌4h,制备得到800g预聚物。
取预聚体800g,加入100g三聚磷酸铝,20g氧化锌,30g锌粉,50g锌铬黄、60g铬酸锌、30g玻璃鳞片锌混合均匀,加入5g消泡剂,5g偶联剂,在行星搅拌机室温匀速搅拌2h,得到1100g组分A。
制备B组分:
取800gMDI,加入100g三聚磷酸铝,20g氧化锌,20g锌粉,60g锌铬黄、70g铬酸锌、30g玻璃鳞片锌,于行星搅拌机中混合2h,得到B组分1100g。
将A组分和B组分按照质量比1:1比例混合,在室温环境下搅拌20min至熟化,制备得到新型聚氨酯防护涂料。
制备预处理剂:
取4.6g无水乙醇,逐渐向其中加入2g氨基硅烷偶联剂,边加入边充分搅拌。待混合均匀后,边搅拌边缓慢滴加1.8g去离子水,再次充分搅拌,直至出现大量白色沉淀,停止搅拌,静置6小时左右。待沉淀完全溶解后,溶液呈透明无色,即水解完成,制备好预处理剂。
实施方案二:
制备A组分:
取甲苯二异氰酸酯220g、聚氧化丙烯三醇695g、二甲苯二胺85g放入反应釜,经过2h真空脱泡后,充氮气保护气,在温度80℃,混合搅拌4h,制备得到1000g预聚物。其羟基值为55mgKOH/g。
取预聚体1000g,加入200g三聚磷酸铝,45g氧化锌,45g锌粉,80g锌铬黄、100g铬酸锌、20g玻璃鳞片锌混合均匀,加入3g消泡剂,7g偶联剂,在行星搅拌机室温匀速搅拌3h,得到1500g组分A。
制备B组分:
取1000gMDI,加入200g三聚磷酸铝,55g氧化锌,45g锌粉,80g锌铬黄、100g铬酸锌、20g玻璃鳞片锌,于行星搅拌机中混合2h,得到B组分1500g。
将A组分和B组分按照质量比1:1比例混合,在室温环境下搅拌20min至熟化,制备得到新型聚氨酯防护涂料。
制备预处理剂:
取10g无水乙醇,逐渐向其中加入4g氨基硅烷偶联剂,边缓慢加入边充分搅拌。待混合均匀后,边搅拌边缓慢滴加3.5g去离子水,再次充分搅拌,直至出现大量白色沉淀,停止搅拌,静置6小时左右。待沉淀完全溶解后,溶液呈透明无色,即水解完成,制备好预处理剂。
实施方案三:
制备A组分:
取多亚甲基对苯基多氰酸酯280g、聚醚三元醇675g、二甲硫基甲苯二胺45g放入反应釜,经过1h真空脱泡后,充氮气保护气,在温度80℃,混合搅拌5h,制备得到1000g预聚物。
取预聚体1000g,加入110g三聚磷酸铝,45g氧化锌,40g锌粉,85g锌铬黄、100g铬酸锌、20g玻璃鳞片锌混合均匀,加入4g消泡剂,6g偶联剂,在行星搅拌机室温匀速搅拌2.5h,得到1400g组分A。
制备B组分:
取1000gMDI,加入110g三聚磷酸铝,45g氧化锌,40g锌粉,85g锌铬黄、100g铬酸锌、20g玻璃鳞片锌,于行星搅拌机中混合2h,得到B组分1400g。
将A组分和B组分按照质量比1:1比例混合,在室温环境下搅拌20min至熟化,制备得到新型聚氨酯防护涂料。
制备预处理剂:
取20g无水乙醇,逐渐向其中加入9g氨基硅烷偶联剂,边加入边充分搅拌。待混合均匀后,边搅拌边缓慢滴加7.8g去离子水,再次充分搅拌,直至出现大量白色沉淀,停止搅拌,静置6小时左右。待沉淀完全溶解后,溶液呈透明无色,即水解完成,制备好预处理剂。
施工操作:
施工前,向10g水解好的预处理剂添加80g无水乙醇,稀释预处理剂。喷涂于金属表面,增加涂装涂层与金属基材的附着力。预处理剂涂覆润湿金属基材表面后,待无水乙醇挥发,基材表面没有白色痕迹,说明预处理剂水解并稀释较好。将熟化好的双组份涂料涂装于预处理基材。成膜厚度可达2-3mm。
连接部位需要拆装时,用美工刀划开膜层,即可徒手剥离涂层。
涂料与涂层基本性能检测:
涂层防腐蚀性能检测结果:
将涂料体系涂覆于螺栓,实干后置于中性盐雾环境中(试验方法参考GB10125-1997)、紫外加速老化试验(GB/T14522-93)1000h后,涂层仍然紧密包覆在螺栓上,膜下螺栓没有发生腐蚀。需要一定的力才能将涂层从螺栓上剥离,剥离下的涂层仍然具有良好弹性未老化。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于由双组份厚浆型无溶剂涂料及配套预处理剂组成;双组份厚浆型无溶剂涂料A组分为100份的改性预聚体,1~3份助剂,30-50份复合防锈填料;B组分的成分为:取100份MDI固化剂,10-20份复合防锈填料;A、B组分按照质量比1:1混合;涂装前,稀释预处理剂喷涂于基材表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于组分A的制备方法是:称取100份所制备的改性预聚体和1~3份助剂,搅拌同时缓慢加入已经制备的复合防锈填料30-50份,行星搅拌机中充分混合搅拌1-2h,直至填料与液体树脂充分接触,呈糊状;
组分B的制备方法是:称取100份MDI,搅拌同时向其中缓慢加入已经制备的复合防锈填料30-40份,行星搅拌机中匀速搅拌1-2h,直至填料与液体充分混合接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于A组分中所述助剂由1-2份硅烷消泡剂、1-3份偶联剂组成。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于偶联剂选择端氨基型硅烷偶联剂,通过水解产生氨基基团包覆填料、金属基材,改善无机表面浸润性。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于A、B组分中所述复合防锈填料的制备方法是:三聚磷酸铝、氧化锌、锌粉、锌铬黄、铬酸锌、玻璃鳞片锌粉中按照比例1:0.2-0.3:0.3-0.4:0.4-1:0.4-1:0.3-0.1混合均匀,70-80℃烘干,得到复合防锈填料;实现涂料抑制锈层生长、多重屏蔽、长效防腐、高固组份厚浆成膜的功能。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于其中三聚磷酸铝、氧化锌、锌铬黄、铬酸锌粒径为800目,锌粉为1500目的球状锌粉,玻璃鳞片粒径为600目。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于涂料A组分所述改性预聚体的制备方法是,通过分子软硬段设计,计算低粘度异氰酸酯中-NCO、多元醇羟基-OH、多元胺氨基-NH2按照摩尔比为2:1-2:1-1.2匹配,原料经过真空脱泡后,在反应釜中50-80℃聚合反应2-4h;制备的预聚体羟基值30-60mgKOH/g,粘度500-2000cp,保证了成膜物的高强度及剥离弹性。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于所述异氰酸酯为粘度2000-4000cp的脂肪族二异氰酸酯,多元醇为官能度3-4、粘度200-2000cp的的聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的制备方法,其特征在于所述预处理剂含有大量的羟基和氨基,对金属基材表面具有极高的浸润性并可与涂料中异氰酸酯反应来调节涂料的附着力及可剥离性;向无水乙醇中加入偶联剂充分搅拌,待混合充分均匀后,边搅拌边缓慢滴入去离子水,充分搅拌,直至出现大量白色沉淀,停止搅拌,静置沉淀完全溶解后,溶液呈透明无色,即水解完成,制备好预处理剂。
10.一种如权利要求1所述用于连接部位可剥离增强防护涂料体系的使用方法,其特征在于实际施工时,用无水乙醇以5-10倍体积比稀释预处理剂,喷涂于需要防护部位,等待表干;双组份聚氨酯涂料A、B组分按照1:1混合,搅拌均匀,熟化10-20min;将熟化涂料涂装于已预处理表面;涂装厚度达2-3mm。
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