CN107140673B - 一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法及应用，属无机纳米材料的合成技术领域。将乙酸铜与高分子络合体溶于乙醇构建一个均匀的高分子络合体系，加热至沸腾后滴加少量的水，当溶液由绿色变为棕黑色时滴加适量碱溶液中和,反应一定时间，即得纳米氧化铜络合体。采用本发明提供的方法合成得到的氧化铜纳米粒子的粒径在2～6nm之间,在水溶液中有良好的分散性，将该分散体用于纺织品整理，不需要添加粘合剂，得到的产品具有优异持久的抗菌性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在高分子络合剂存在的条件下乙酸铜从乙醇溶液中直接合成自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法及在纺织领域的应用，属无机纳米材料制备和纺织印染学科技术领域。
技术背景
随着社会的发展，人们对生活质量的追求日益提高，传统的织物已经不能满足人们的生产、生活需求。因此，对织物进行特种功能的处理吸引了科研者的广泛兴趣。其中，抗菌处理近几年来成为人们的一个研究热点。自上个世纪以来，人们一直利用有机抗菌剂处理织物，但是有机抗菌剂耐热稳定性差，广谱性差。所以人们的视线便转向了无机抗菌材料，其中对纳米银，氧化锌和铜系（单质铜，氧化亚铜，氧化铜）材料的研究最为广泛。然而，银比较贵，氧化锌对细菌有较强的抑制能力，对真菌的效果较差；铜系材料中纳米铜和氧化亚铜不稳定，易被氧化； C. Gunawan等人（ACS NANO. 9 (2011) 7214-7225）也曾报道过氧化铜对真菌和病毒都有抑制作用，所以氧化铜更为适合对织物抗菌处理。
纳米氧化铜是一种性能优异的p型半导体材料，在传感器、太阳能电池、纳米流体、抗菌菌和光电催化等方面吸引了人们广泛的关注。特别是在抗菌方面，由于其优良的稳定性以及高效的抗菌性越来越受科研者的青睐。由于纳米材料的小尺寸效应，氧化铜粒子的尺寸的大小对其性能有很大的影响。Gedanken. A （ SMALL. 21 (2012) 3326-3337.）等人提出氧化铜粒子越小，抗菌性越好。
文献“氧化铜纳米微粒的制备方法”（ 胡静等，化工中间体，2010年第09期）中，公开了一些小尺寸氧化铜的制备方法，例如固相反应法、液相法、水热法、微乳法、溶胶-凝胶法。但是这些方法比较复杂，或合成得到的产物氧化铜粒子不能直接应用在纺织领域。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一种工艺简单，操作容易，原料价格低廉，产物粒径小，分散性好的自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法及其应用。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1、以乙醇为溶剂，制备浓度为0.005～0.04M的乙酸铜溶液；
2、在步骤1得到的乙酸铜溶液中加入高分子络合体，至溶液呈绿色；所用的高分子络合体为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)，聚乙二醇(PEG)，聚氨酯，有机硅树脂，多肽中的一种，或它们的任意组合；
3、在温度为78～100℃的水浴条件下加入去离子水，至溶液呈棕黑色时加入碱溶液中和反应10～30min，得到一种纳米氧化铜络合体。
本发明技术方案中，所述的碱溶液为氢氧化钠，碳酸钠，碳酸氢钠，氢氧化钾，碳酸钾，碳酸氢钾，氨水中的一种，或它们的任意组合。
本发明技术方案还包括按上述制备方法得到的一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的应用，用于对纺织品的抗菌整理。
具体的应用方法是：将自分散纳米氧化铜络合体稀释50～100倍，采用浸渍、浸轧、喷雾工艺，对单一或混纺的棉、麻、丝、毛、化纤纺织品进行抗菌整理。
本发明的原理是利用乙酸铜在醇溶液中水解后，再在高分子络合剂的作用下从乙醇溶液中制备超细纳米氧化铜的方法，反应方程式如下：
Cu(CH3COO)2 + H2O→ Cu(OH)2 + CH3COOH
Cu（OH)2 → CuO + H2O
CH3COOH + 碱液 → 乙酸盐 + H2O ；
本发明通过改变反应过程，在反应溶液中加入高分子络合剂，使铜盐在乙醇中以一种温和的方式缓慢的水解，并形成一种高分子氧化铜的络合物，从而生成小尺寸的氧化铜，其粒径分布在2～6nm之间，且分散性好。将生成的氧化铜络合体通过简单的稀释后，采用浸渍、浸轧、喷雾等工艺，对织物进行整理，使织物具有良好的抗菌性能。同时，由于制备的氧化铜粒子尺寸小，吸附性强，再加上高分子络合物的粘结作用，处理后的抗菌织物拥有良好的耐水洗性能。
与现有技术相比，本发明的突出优点：
1、在高分子络合体的帮助下，利用简单的水解方式得到超细超分散纳米氧化铜。
2、将氧化铜悬浮液采用简单、绿色的方式对织物进行处理，得到的产品具有良好的抗菌效果。
3、利用高分子络合剂，既维持氧化铜在溶液里的悬浮状态，也可以作为粘合剂增加织物与纳米粒子间的作用力。
附图说明
图1和2分别为本发明实施例提供的氧化铜的XRD衍射图和TEM图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的氧化铜用作整理剂对纺织品处理后的抗菌效果图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的氧化铜用作整理剂对纺织品进行处理，水洗50次后的抗菌效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步阐述。
实施例1
将0.3993g一水合乙酸铜溶解在100ml无水乙醇中，再加入0.4g PVP，溶液呈绿色；水浴加热至78℃，滴加5ml去离子水，15min后至溶液呈棕黑色时滴加7ml 0.2M的碳酸钠溶液，中和反应15min，得到纳米氧化铜络合体。
参见附图1，它是本实施例提供的氧化铜的XRD衍射图，与标准卡片（PDF # 48-1548）对比，证明得到的产物是纯相的氧化铜。
参见附图2，它是本实施例提供的氧化铜的TEM图；图中显示，本实施例提供的产物粒径分布在2～6nm之间，且分散性好。
将得到的氧化铜产物直接稀释80倍，采用浸渍工艺对棉纺织品进行抗菌整理，干燥后得到具有抗菌功能的棉纺织品。
参见附图3，它是本实施例提供的氧化铜用作整理剂对纺织品处理后的抗菌效果图；图中，A为金黄色葡萄球菌的空白对照，B为经氧化铜处理织物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果；C为大肠杆菌的空白对照，D为处理织物对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果。
参见附图4，它是本实施例提供的氧化铜用作整理剂对纺织品进行处理，水洗50次后的抗菌效果图。图中，A为金黄空白，B为处理织物对金黄的抗菌效果；C为大肠空白，D为处理织物对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果。
实施例2
用0.7986g一水合乙酸铜和0.4gPVP溶解在100ml无水乙醇中，水浴加热至78℃，滴加5ml去离子水，15min后再滴加7ml 0.2M的碳酸钠溶液，反应15min。将生成的产物直接稀释100倍，采用浸轧工艺，对化纤纺织品进行抗菌整理。
实施例3
取0.3993g一水合乙酸铜和0.4gPEG溶解在100ml无水乙醇中，水浴加热至78℃，滴加5ml去离子水，15min后再滴加7ml 0.2M的碳酸钠溶液，反应15min。将生成的产物直接稀释50倍，采用喷雾工艺，对丝、毛混纺的纺织品进行抗菌整理。
实施例4
取0.3993g一水合乙酸铜和0.4gPEG溶解在100ml无水乙醇中，水浴加热至100℃，滴加5ml去离子水，15min后再滴加7ml 0.4M的碳酸氢钠溶液，反应15min。将生成的产物直接稀释50～100倍，采用浸渍、浸轧或喷雾工艺，对单一或混纺的棉、麻、丝、毛、化纤纺织品进行抗菌整理。
实施例5
取0.3993g一水合乙酸铜和0.4gPEG溶解在100ml无水乙醇中，水浴加热至100℃，滴加5ml去离子水，15min后再滴加7ml 0.4M的氢氧化钠溶液，反应15min。将生成的产物直接稀释50～100倍，采用浸渍、浸轧或喷雾工艺，对单一或混纺的棉、麻、丝、毛、化纤纺织品进行抗菌整理。
Claims (2)
1.一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
(1) 以乙醇为溶剂，制备浓度为0.005～0.04M的乙酸铜溶液；
(2) 在步骤(1)得到的乙酸铜溶液中加入高分子络合体，至溶液呈绿色；所用的高分子络合体为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，聚乙二醇，聚氨酯，有机硅树脂，多肽中的一种，或它们的任意组合；
(3) 在温度为78～100℃的水浴条件下加入去离子水，至溶液呈棕黑色时加入碱溶液中和反应10～30min，得到一种纳米氧化铜络合体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自分散纳米氧化铜络合体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的碱溶液为氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氨水中的一种，或它们的任意组合。
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