CN107136123A - 一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107136123A
CN107136123A CN201710256509.6A CN201710256509A CN107136123A CN 107136123 A CN107136123 A CN 107136123A CN 201710256509 A CN201710256509 A CN 201710256509A CN 107136123 A CN107136123 A CN 107136123A
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房庆虎
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂，由以下重量份原料组成：球毛壳菌菌液34‑47份，土豆18‑26份，红糖2‑6份，坡缕石38‑51份，蒸馏水适量，海藻酸钠19‑26份，氯化钙13‑21份，水杨酸4‑12份，无水乙醇适量。本发明使用坡缕石对球毛壳菌孢子进行吸附固定，之后使用载有水杨酸的海藻酸钠对球毛壳菌孢子进行包衣处理，增加颗粒微生物菌剂的抗压强度，在产品运输和施用过程中不易破碎，有利于产品的使用，可以实现高效防治作物根肿病的效果，防治时间大为延长，同时可有效促进作物种子的萌发、幼苗生长，能提高幼苗的抗冷性。

Description

一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生物农药技术领域，具体涉及一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来根肿病危害逐年加重，我国西南、华中、东北和华东各大种植区都出现过较大规模的流行。根肿病已成为十字花科作物主要病害，危害面积约 6000 万亩，平均产量损失达 20-30%，严重田块产量损失达 60%以上，甚至绝收。每年导致油菜经济损失约10亿元、蔬菜经济损失约200亿，极大地制约了油料和蔬菜产业的持续稳定发展及农民增收。但对于根肿病的防治，尚缺乏高效、低毒、低残留的化学药剂；在农业防治方面，研究不够全面系统，存在不少弊端。
球毛壳菌发酵液中的活性物质鞘氨醇可以抑制根肿病菌休眠孢子的萌发，对根肿菌具有较强的抑制作用。另外经球毛壳菌诱导处理后，可提高作物体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶等防御酶活性，能诱导作物产生抗性，防治根肿病。
张广洋、杨谦等人在其《大豆根腐病复合型生物种衣剂的研究》一文中，使用球毛壳菌代谢物、绿色木霉厚垣孢子、球毛壳菌子囊果为活性物质，进行复合型生物种衣剂的研制。球毛壳菌及其代谢物的防治作用可作为生物种衣剂的防线，提早抵御病原菌的入侵，可以解决现存部分生物种衣剂在田间防效降低和部分种衣剂缺少防治持久性的问题。
水杨酸(Salicylic acid，SA)是广泛存在于植物界的一种小分子酚类物质，可以调节植物的开花、侧芽萌发、性别分化等生长发育过程，还能诱导植物产生抗逆性，抵抗不良因素造成的伤害。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足，本发明提供一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂及其制备方法，可以对作物根肿病进行防治。
一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂，由以下重量份原料组成：球毛壳菌菌液34-47份，土豆18-26份，红糖2-6份，坡缕石38-51份，蒸馏水适量，海藻酸钠19-26份，氯化钙13-21份，水杨酸4-12份，无水乙醇适量。
具体步骤如下：
（1）将土豆去皮、切块，加入蒸馏水置于密闭容器内，加热排除冷空气后维持110-130℃、0.5-1小时，并用四层纱布过滤煮沸的土豆，冷却后再加入红糖、补足水量，混匀，转入100℃蒸汽灭菌0.5-1小时，制得液体培养基；
（2）球毛壳菌菌液的制备：
将球毛壳菌菌种活化，无菌接入上述液体培养基，转速160-200r/min、25-40℃摇床培养10-15日，至菌液粘稠、颜色改变并可见菌丝大量生长，得球毛壳菌菌液；
（3）载体球毛壳菌孢子粉的制备：
将上述球毛壳菌菌液与坡缕石按照配方比例混合搅拌2-4小时，在3500-4500 rmp/min离心5 -8分钟，并在30-40℃温度下进行烘干，得载体球毛壳菌孢子粉；
（4）载药海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂的制备：
①、将氯化钙、水杨酸置于无水乙醇中，超声分散使其溶解，配制得2-4%氯化钙-水杨酸乙醇溶液，备用；
②、称取海藻酸钠加入蒸馏水中，在 50-70℃条件下于三口烧瓶中搅拌45-65分钟，直至全部溶解，配制成浓度为 3-8% 的海藻酸钠溶液，待温度降至30-40℃时，加入步骤（3）载体球毛壳菌孢子粉，超声30-50分钟，待温度降至常温时，将该混合溶液滴加至上述氯化钙-水杨酸乙醇溶液中，迅速交联形成颗粒，过滤，干燥，得到载药海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂。
其中，所述球毛壳菌菌液中球毛壳菌的浓度为≥107cfu/ml，优选为107-109cfu/ml。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
（1）本发明对球毛壳菌进行发酵培养，使用坡缕石作为载体，对发酵菌液中球毛壳菌孢子进行吸附固定，可提高后期包衣效果，使用具有较好粘结性的海藻酸钠对球毛壳菌孢子进行包衣处理，增加颗粒微生物菌剂的抗压强度，在产品运输和施用过程中不易破碎，有利于产品的使用，可以实现高效防治作物根肿病的效果，同时防治时间大为延长。
（2）本发明中在海藻酸钠微球中包裹水杨酸，在使用时可有效促进作物种子的萌发、幼苗生长，显著提高种子的发芽势，另外在低温胁迫下水杨酸的添加有助于作物幼苗抵御一定的低温冷害，能提高幼苗的抗冷性，有利于种子在低温胁迫下较快速出苗和保持出苗整齐一致。
具体实施方式
一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂，由以下重量份原料组成：球毛壳菌菌液43份，土豆23份，红糖4份，坡缕石46份，蒸馏水适量，海藻酸钠24份，氯化钙19份，水杨酸7份，无水乙醇适量。
具体步骤如下：
（1）将土豆去皮、切块，加入蒸馏水置于密闭容器内，加热排除冷空气后维持120℃、0.7小时，并用四层纱布过滤煮沸的土豆，冷却后再加入红糖、补足水量，混匀，转入100℃蒸汽灭菌0.8小时，制得液体培养基；
（2）球毛壳菌菌液的制备：
将球毛壳菌菌种活化，无菌接入上述液体培养基，转速200r/min、30℃摇床培养13日，至菌液粘稠、颜色改变并可见菌丝大量生长，得球毛壳菌菌液；
（3）载体球毛壳菌孢子粉的制备：
将上述球毛壳菌菌液与坡缕石按照配方比例混合搅拌3小时，在4000 rmp/min离心6分钟，并在35℃温度下进行烘干，得载体球毛壳菌孢子粉；
（4）载药海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂的制备：
①、将氯化钙、水杨酸置于无水乙醇中，超声分散使其溶解，配制得3%氯化钙-水杨酸乙醇溶液，备用；
②、称取海藻酸钠加入蒸馏水中，在60℃条件下于三口烧瓶中搅拌55分钟，直至全部溶解，配制成浓度为6% 的海藻酸钠溶液，待温度降至35℃时，加入步骤（3）载体球毛壳菌孢子粉，超声40分钟，待温度降至常温时，将该混合溶液滴加至上述氯化钙-水杨酸乙醇溶液中，迅速交联形成颗粒，过滤，干燥，得到载药海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂。
其中，所述球毛壳菌菌液中球毛壳菌的浓度为≥107cfu/ml，优选为107-109cfu/ml。

Claims (3)

1.一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份原料组成：球毛壳菌菌液34-47份，土豆18-26份，红糖2-6份，坡缕石38-51份，蒸馏水适量，海藻酸钠19-26份，氯化钙13-21份，水杨酸4-12份，无水乙醇适量。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
（1）将土豆去皮、切块，加入蒸馏水置于密闭容器内，加热排除冷空气后维持110-130℃、0.5-1小时，并用四层纱布过滤煮沸的土豆，冷却后再加入红糖、补足水量，混匀，转入100℃蒸汽灭菌0.5-1小时，制得液体培养基；
（2）球毛壳菌菌液的制备：
将球毛壳菌菌种活化，无菌接入上述液体培养基，转速160-200r/min、25-40℃摇床培养10-15日，至菌液粘稠、颜色改变并可见菌丝大量生长，得球毛壳菌菌液；
（3）载体球毛壳菌孢子粉的制备：
将上述球毛壳菌菌液与坡缕石按照配方比例混合搅拌2-4小时，在3500-4500 rmp/min离心5 -8分钟，并在30-40℃温度下进行烘干，得载体球毛壳菌孢子粉；
（4）载药海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂的制备：
①、将氯化钙、水杨酸置于无水乙醇中，超声分散使其溶解，配制得2-4%氯化钙-水杨酸乙醇溶液，备用；
②、称取海藻酸钠加入蒸馏水中，在 50-70℃条件下于三口烧瓶中搅拌45-65分钟，直至全部溶解，配制成浓度为 3-8% 的海藻酸钠溶液，待温度降至30-40℃时，加入步骤（3）载体球毛壳菌孢子粉，超声30-50分钟，待温度降至常温时，将该混合溶液滴加至上述氯化钙-水杨酸乙醇溶液中，迅速交联形成颗粒，过滤，干燥，得到载药海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂。
3.根据权利要求书1、2所述的一种可防治根肿病的海藻酸钠包衣生物菌剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述球毛壳菌菌液中球毛壳菌的浓度为≥107cfu/ml，优选为107-109cfu/ml。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109699234A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2019-05-03 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 一种预防油菜根肿病的种子包衣方法及包衣种子

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