CN107129803A - 一种具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料及其制备方法,属于纳米发光材料技术领域,针对现有技术无法合成出具有α‑PbCl2型正交相CaF2晶体材料的问题,本发明以立方相稀土掺杂CaF2纳米材料作为初始原料,然后再利用金刚石对顶砧压机对材料加压17.7~25.0GPa或者20.3~25.8GPa,将金刚石对顶砧压机内压力慢慢卸至常压后,得到在常压下可以保持正交相结构的稀土掺杂CaF2纳米材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米发光材料技术领域。
背景技术
CaF2是重要的一种碱土金属氟化物,具有能量声子低、电离度高、电子接受体、电阻系数高、阴离子导电性等特性,在光学、生物学、微和光电子领域有广泛的应用。它是优良的基质材料,能与稀土氟化物良好匹配,不同稀土元素掺杂的CaF2发光材料在闪烁体、发光器件、显示、生物标记、光学成像等方面应用广泛而越来越受到重视。尤其是纳米尺寸的稀土掺杂CaF2材料与块状材料相比具有许多优良的性能和广泛的用途,目前已成为发光材料研究的一个热点。由于其具有广泛的应用潜力,特别是具有新晶体结构的稀土掺杂CaF2纳米荧光材料的合成,成为材料领域新的挑战,吸引了人们广泛的研究兴趣。
CaF2基质材料具有三种晶体结构:萤石型立方相,α-PbCl2型正交相和Ni2In型六角相。其中萤石型立方相为常温常压下稳态结构,α-PbCl2型正交相和Ni2In型六角相为亚稳态结构。目前,人们已经利用多种物理化学方法,合成出了多种尺寸和形貌的稀土元素掺杂CaF2纳米材料,但是所有制备的样品都是立方相结构,而没有合成出具有α-PbCl2型正交相CaF2晶体材料。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种能够合成出相纯度高、具有稳定的正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料的制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案具体如下:
①一种正交相结构RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米材料的制备方法,以立方相结构的CaF2:RE3+,粒径大小为15~25nm的纳米晶粒为初始材料,以硅油为传压介质在金刚石对顶砧压机中对初始材料加压至17.7~20.3GPa,继续加压至25.0~25.8Gpa;所述的RE3+为Tb3+或Eu3+;
②将金刚石对顶砧压机卸压至常压,得到合成正交相结构的稀土元素掺杂CaF2纳米材料。卸压过程中优选分3~5次降压,降压中的每个压力点各停留2min,直至压力完全卸至常压。
所述立方相结构的CaF2:RE3+的制备步骤如下:
1)、将Ca(NO3)2和RE3+(NO3)3在10mL去离子水中溶解得到混合溶液,其中RE3+占金属阳离子的摩尔百分比为10~15%,混合溶液中金属阳离子浓度为0.0125mol/L;
2)、混合溶液中加入NaF搅拌,使金属阳离子与氟离子的摩尔比为1:2;
3)、混合溶液加入氢氟酸调节pH为1,充分混合搅拌后移入反应釜密封;
4)、采用溶剂热反应制备CaF2:RE3+,溶剂为乙醇,反应釜填充度为75~85%,温度为140~145℃反应14~16h,随炉冷却后取出。
5)、经去离子水、无水乙醇洗去杂质后,经干燥得到CaF2:RE3+纳米材料。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明制备方法得到的样品,通过用同步辐射XRD对样品的晶体结构进行原位表征,发现在高压下稀土掺杂CaF2样品具有稳定的正交相结构,相纯度很高,没有其它结晶相衍射峰出现;卸压后样品依然保持正交相结构,没有恢复初始的立方相结构;
2、本发明具有合成时间短、能耗低、绿色环保、可重复性高等优点。
附图说明
图1是初始原料Tb3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒的透射电镜图片。
图2是初始原料Tb3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒的光致发光光谱。
图3是初始原料Tb3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒随压力变化的同步辐射XRD图(实线为加压过程,虚线为卸压过程)。
图4是初始原料Eu3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒的透射电镜图片。
图5是初始原料Eu3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒的光致发光光谱。
图6是初始原料Eu3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒随压力变化的同步辐射XRD图(实线为加压过程,虚线为卸压过程)。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例的方式对本发明技术方案做进一步解释和说明。
实施例1
①选择Ca(NO3)2、Tb(NO3)3、NaF为前驱体反应物,将0.01125mol/L的Ca(NO3)2和0.00125mol/L的Tb(NO3)3一起加入10mL去离子水中溶解;将0.025mol/L的NaF加入混合溶液中在磁力搅拌器上搅拌,同时逐滴滴入浓度为40%的HF溶液5滴(每滴约为0.05mL),调节PH=1,充分搅拌60min,移入40mL反应釜密封,溶剂为乙醇,填充度为85%。在140℃下热处理16h,随炉冷却后取出。样品经80℃,10h干燥处理得到立方相Tb3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒初始样品。从图1中可以看出制备的样品尺寸均匀,粒径分布窄,其平均尺寸为25nm。图2为Tb3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒的光致发光光谱,可以看出制备的样品具有很好的荧光特性,其中最强发光峰为绿光发光峰,是一种有前景的绿光荧光材料。
②高压合成正交相结构CaF2:Tb3+是在对称式金刚石对顶砧中进行,利用对称式金刚石对顶砧进行加压,金刚石砧面大小为400μm,密封垫采用T301不锈钢片,预压厚度为70μm。在预压的垫片上钻了直径为100μm小孔,作为高压样品腔,将一小块红宝石置于其中高压样品腔内,压力的标定是采用标准红宝石荧光标压技术。选择硅油为传压介质。然后,将步骤①中制得的CaF2:Tb3+纳米晶粒放入金刚石对顶砧压机中,对样品进行加压至最高压力25.0GPa。图3可以看出,当样品从0GPa加压至8.7GPa时都保持着立方相结构的稳压相。当压力为9.8GPa时,出现正交相的衍射峰,当压力为17.7Gpa时,样品完全转变为正交相结构。加至最高压力25.0Gpa样品仍然保持正交相结构,得到高压合成正交相结构的CaF2:Tb3+。
③将金刚石对顶砧压机卸压至常压,分三次降压,每个压力点各停留2min,直至压力完全卸至常压,得到合成正交相结构的CaF2:Tb3+,卸压后样品没有回到最初的立方相结构,仍保持正交亚稳相结构,说明利用高压手段可以成功合成正交相结构的CaF2:Tb3+纳米材料。
实施例2
①选择Ca(NO3)2、Eu(NO3)3、NaF为前驱体反应物,将0.010625mol/L的Ca(NO3)2和0.001875mol/L的Eu(NO3)3一起加入10mL去离子水中溶解;将0.025mol/L的NaF加入混合溶液中在磁力搅拌器上搅拌,同时逐滴滴入浓度为40%的HF溶液5滴(每滴约为0.05mL),调节PH=1,充分搅拌60min,移入40mL反应釜密封,溶剂为乙醇,填充度为75%。在145℃下热处理14h,随炉冷却后取出。样品经80℃,10h干燥处理得到立方相Eu3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒初始样品。从图1中可以看出制备的样品尺寸均匀,粒径分布窄,其平均尺寸为25nm。图2为Eu3+掺杂CaF2纳米晶粒的光致发光光谱,可以看出制备的样品具有很好的荧光特性,其中最强发光峰为红光发光峰,是一种有前景的红光荧光材料。
②高压合成正交相结构CaF2:Eu3+是在对称式金刚石对顶砧中进行,利用对称式金刚石对顶砧进行加压,金刚石砧面大小为400μm,密封垫采用T301不锈钢片,预压厚度为70μm。在预压的垫片上钻了直径为100μm小孔,作为高压样品腔,将一小块红宝石置于其中高压样品腔内,压力的标定是采用标准红宝石荧光标压技术。选择硅油为传压介质。然后,将步骤①中制得的CaF2:Eu3+纳米晶粒放入金刚石对顶砧压机中,对样品进行加压至最高压力25.8GPa。图3可以看出,当样品从0GPa加压至11.3GPa时都保持着立方相结构的稳压相。当压力为12.8GPa时,出现正交相的衍射峰,当压力为20.3Gpa时,样品完全转变为正交相结构。加至最高压力25.8Gpa样品仍然保持正交相结构,得到高压合成正交相结构的CaF2:Eu3 +。
③将金刚石对顶砧压机卸压至常压,分三次降压,每个压力点各停留2min,直至压力完全卸至常压,得到合成正交相结构的CaF2:Eu3+,卸压后样品没有回到最初的立方相,仍保持正交亚稳相结构,说明利用高压手段可以成功合成正交相结构的CaF2:Eu3+纳米材料。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料,其特征在于,所述RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料为正交相结构,粒径大小为15~25nm,所述的RE3+为Tb3+或Eu3+;其制备方法具体步骤如下:
1)以立方相结构的CaF2:RE3+,粒径大小为15~25nm的纳米晶粒为初始材料,以硅油为传压介质在金刚石对顶砧压机中初始材料加压至17.7~20.3GPa,继续加压至25.0~25.8Gpa;
2)将金刚石对顶砧压机卸压至常压,得到合成正交相结构的稀土元素掺杂CaF2纳米材料。
2.一种具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
1)以立方相结构的CaF2:RE3+,粒径大小为10~30nm的纳米晶粒为初始材料,以硅油为传压介质在金刚石对顶砧压机中初始材料加压至17.7~20.3GPa,继续加压至25.0~25.8Gpa;所述的RE3+为Tb3+或Eu3+;
2)将金刚石对顶砧压机卸压至常压,得到合成正交相结构的稀土元素掺杂CaF2纳米材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中立方相结构的CaF2:RE3+的制备步骤如下:
a)、将Ca(NO3)2和RE3+(NO3)3在10mL去离子水中溶解得到混合溶液,其中RE3+占金属阳离子的摩尔百分比为10~15%,混合溶液中金属阳离子浓度为0.0125mol/L;
b)、混合溶液中加入NaF搅拌,使金属阳离子与氟离子的摩尔比为1:2,
c)、混合溶液加入氢氟酸调节pH为1,充分混合搅拌后移入反应釜密封,
d)、采用溶剂热反应制备CaF2:RE3+,溶剂为乙醇,反应釜填充度为75~85%,温度为140~145℃反应14~16h,随炉冷却后取出。
e)、经去离子水、无水乙醇洗去杂质后,经干燥得到CaF2:RE3+纳米材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中当RE3+为Tb3+时,RE3+占金属阳离子的摩尔百分比为10%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中当RE3+为Eu3+时,RE3+占金属阳离子的摩尔百分比为15%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的具有正交相结构的RE3+掺杂CaF2纳米发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)卸压过程中优选分3~5次降压,降压中的每个压力点各停留2min,直至压力完全卸至常压。
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